Joseph Wang - Markets Weekly April 5, 2025
发布时间:2025-04-05 17:11:22
原节目
以下是对提供的视频文字稿的总结,重点关注其关键点和论点:
演讲者首先将过去一周定义为具有历史意义的一周,并非因为股票市场表现(表现不佳),而是因为特朗普总统在玫瑰园发表的声明,演讲者将其称为“解放日”,标志着全球化的终结。演讲者认为,特朗普征收关税代表着对几十年来一直主导全球经济的自由贸易体系的根本性转变。
接着,演讲者讨论了最近的经济数据,指出亚特兰大联储的 GDP Now 模型显示温和的负增长(约-1%)。虽然进口水平扭曲了数据,但普遍的共识是经济正在放缓,但尚未陷入衰退。最新的就业报告好于预期,但失业率略有上升,工资增速放缓。
谈话的核心围绕着“解放日”声明。在特朗普发表讲话之前,股票期货一直在上涨,表明市场乐观。虽然特朗普宣布对所有进口商品征收至少10%的关税,但真正让市场陷入混乱的是互惠关税的政策。演讲者重点提到了对欧盟(20%)、台湾、日本(30%)以及中国(加上现有关税,实际上为60%)征收的高额互惠关税。
演讲者将特朗普为这些关税辩护的理由(相当于对美国征收的税收的约50%)解释为一种销售策略,而不是纯粹的经济计算。该声明还揭示了像彼得·纳瓦罗这样的对华鹰派在特朗普核心圈子中的崛起。纳瓦罗是与中国脱钩的坚定支持者,他认为公平或平衡的贸易是一个起点。
市场反应是恐慌,股市下跌,利率下降,投资者预计会有更多的降息。演讲者对美元没有出现更大的避险买盘表示惊讶,但也承认长期的金融关系可能正在发生变化。市场并不太担心长期的通货膨胀,反而更担心经济增长,甚至是在实施关税后的通货紧缩。
演讲者提出了一个关键问题:这仅仅是一种谈判策略,还是美国贸易政策的更根本性转变?他们认为,答案在于理解特朗普团队的目标、他们的政治基础以及其他国家的反应。中国实施的报复性关税已经让市场感到意外,并影响了美国股指。针锋相对的关税升级增加了严重经济衰退的风险。
演讲者评估了特朗普的动机和政治立场。他认为特朗普一直认为美国在贸易中受到剥削,并希望通过关税来实现贸易平衡。演讲者强调,鉴于目前的政治环境,这是他唯一可以使用的手段。他引用了每年1万亿美元的巨额商品贸易逆差,作为证明美国制造业就业岗位已经遭受损失的证据,证明了这种不可持续的局面。特朗普的政策也可以被视为对依赖外国工业能力的国家安全担忧的回应。
演讲者谈到了潜在的政治后果。股市下跌被认为是不利的,但美国前10%的人拥有88%的股票;50%的人负债。特朗普的基本盘可能更关心较低的利率和较低的通货膨胀。在这种情况下,股市下跌可能并不像许多人认为的那样是明确的负面信号。汽车工人和钢铁工人可能更支持总统的目标,演讲者指出,股市下跌并不意味着特朗普总统的明确退让。
演讲者认为,鉴于特朗普长期以来的信念以及与他的基本盘的统一,他不太可能退缩。市场的走向将取决于其他国家的报复行动以及美联储的回应。演讲者承认他们计划讨论他们对美联储支持的预期。
最后,演讲者引用特朗普总统的话说,他相信自己被拯救是为了让美国再次伟大,表明他坚信自己所做的事情,并且不太可能退缩。
Here's a summary of the video transcript provided, focusing on the key points and arguments:
The speaker begins by framing the past week as a historically significant one, not due to equity market performance (which was poor), but because of President Trump's announcement in the Rose Garden, which the speaker dubs "Liberation Day," signaling the end of globalization. The speaker argues that Trump's imposition of tariffs represents a fundamental shift away from the free trade system that has characterized global economics for decades.
The speaker then discusses recent economic data, noting that the Atlanta GDP Now casting page indicates modest negative growth (around -1%). While import levels are skewing data, the general consensus is that the economy is slowing, though not yet in a recession. While the latest jobs report had better than expected numbers, it showed slight increases in unemployment and wage deceleration.
The core of the talk revolves around the "Liberation Day" announcement. Equity futures were rallying prior to Trump's speech, indicating market optimism. While Trump announced a 10% minimum tariff on all imports, it was the board of reciprocal tariffs that sent markets into a tailspin. He highlights the high reciprocal tariffs applied to the European Union (20%), Taiwan, Japan (30%), and China (effectively 60% when combined with existing tariffs).
The speaker interprets Trump's justification for these tariffs (reciprocating about 50% of the taxes they placed on the US) as a sales tactic rather than a purely economic calculation. The announcement also reveals the ascendance of China hawks like Peter Navarro within Trump's inner circle. Navarro, a strong advocate for decoupling from China, views fair or balanced trade as a starting point.
The market reaction was panic, with equity markets declining and interest rates falling as investors priced in more rate cuts. The speaker expresses surprise that the US dollar didn't experience a larger safe-haven bid, though acknowledges that long-standing financial relationships may be changing. The market is not overly worried about inflation over a long term, but instead appears more concerned about economic growth, even deflation, following the implementation of tariffs.
The speaker then poses the critical question: is this merely a negotiating tactic, or a more fundamental shift in US trade policy? The answer, they contend, lies in understanding the Trump team's goals, their political base, and the reactions of other countries. China's retaliatory tariffs have already surprised the market and impacted US indices. Escalation of tit-for-tat tariffs raises the risk of severe economic downturn.
The speaker assesses Trump's motivation and political positioning. He posits that Trump has long believed the US has been exploited in trade and wants to balance trade through tariffs. The speaker emphasizes that this is the only lever he can pull, given the political climate. He references the enormous trade deficit in goods ($1 trillion annually) as evidence of an unsustainable situation that has cost US manufacturing jobs. Trump’s policies can also be seen as a response to national security concerns dependent on foreign industrial capacity.
The speaker addresses the potential political fallout. Stock market declines are perceived as detrimental, but the top 10% of Americans own 88% of equities; 50% have debt. Trump's base may be more concerned with lower interest rates and lower inflation. A declining stock market, in this context, might not be the clear-cut negative that many assume. Auto workers and steel workers may be more aligned with the president's goals, and the speaker notes that a decline in the stock market isn't a clear retreat for President Trump.
The speaker believes that President Trump is unlikely to back down, given his long-held beliefs and the alignment with his base. The market's direction will depend on retaliatory actions by other countries and the Federal Reserve's response. The speaker acknowledges their planned discussion of their Fed put expectations.
In closing, the speaker quotes President Trump saying that he believed he was saved to make America great again, showing he strongly believes in what he is doing and is unlikely to back down.