Hello, hello, hello. Hello, hello, hello. Am I here? Now what? Everyone chat, I'll turn on the hearts. We'll start it immediately. Other options should be fine. I'm now going to click create broadcast at the top. Now I got a link to a broadcast. We can click on it to confirm that the broadcast is. Hey, this is Warren Redlich. Am I here? Someone here. Hello. Come on chat, I'll turn on the hearts. We'll start it immediately. Other options should be. Okay. But immediately, other options should be fine. I'm now going to click create broadcast at the top. Now I got a link to a broadcast. We're going to click on it and sit on confirm that the broadcast.
Hey, this is Warren Redlich. Come on here. Someone here. Hello, hello, hello. Hey, this is Warren Redlich. I am reading the Delaware court decision right now. And let's talk about what we learned from it. Where is my. Learning how to do this. Let's see. Let's pin this to my profile. Okay. So a bunch of people messaged me that they wanted to know what's going on with the Delaware court decision. And I am reading it right now.
This is the Delaware court decision. And this is my first live stream, I think, on the X platform. I don't know how this is going to work. I don't know how I'm going to read the chat. Is there a chat? How do I read the chat? I don't know how any of this works. But we'll figure it out. Or we won't figure it out. I've restricted the chat to verified users.
Okay. So this is the court decision here. I think there's a lag. I don't know what. Let me pull up. Let's see. So this is the court decision here. Richard Tornetta, apparently some dude who. I do this. Okay. Richard Tornetta, apparently some dude who owns like eight or 10 shares of Tesla, somehow able to file this lawsuit against Elon Musk, Robert Denholm. These are board members of the Tesla board and Tesla, the corporation. And then a bunch of lawyer names. So you know what's going on here. And then this is the judge's name, Judge McCormick.
Was the richest world person in the world overpaid? This is not necessarily typical for judges to do. The judge is. Where? Is there a chat? How does this work? World person in the world overpaid. This is not necessarily typical for judges to do. Just so you guys know, I don't know where the chat is. And I don't know if I'm going to figure it out. So I'm just going to go ahead with my video and we'll see how it works.
Okay. Still working this out. First time live streaming on X. So the stockholder plaintiff in this derivative lawsuit says so he claims that breached. The plan offer he's describing the plan here. So 12 total branches, four trans to vest, test of market capital. So the stockholder plaintiff in this derivative lawsuit says so he claims that breached. The plan offer he's describing the plan here. So 12 total branches, four trans to vest, test of market capital increased by 50 billion and other targets with a 55.8 billion dollar maximum value and 2.6 billion dollar grant date bear value. The plan is the largest potential compensation opportunity ever observed in public markets by multiple orders of magnitude. 250 times the contemporary, the contempt larger than the contemporaneous medium peer compensation. And over 33 times larger than the plan's closest comparison, which is must prior compensation plan.
Okay. So multiple orders of magnitude. I think it's one and a half orders of magnitude larger than Elon's previous plan. Post child decision enters judgment for the plaintiff. Under the finding that the compensation plan is subject to review under the entire fairness standard. The defendants bore the burden of proving that the compensation was plan was fair and they failed to meet their burden.
Okay. So this is an important step to understand as a lawyer. Enrous judgment for the plaintiff means Tesla loses. Finding that the compensation plan is subject to review under the entire fairness standard. I don't know what the entire fairness standard is yet. I don't know what led to the decision that that's the standard that applies, but it leads to this conclude and we'll find that out when we read the decision. This is a 200 page decision. So this is probably going to be a long live stream. The defendants bore the burden of proving that the compensation plan was fair and they failed to meet their burden.
So because I can't, I don't understand how to interact with the chat. I don't know if there is a chat. I don't know how I would interact with the chat. I thought I set up a chat. I don't see a chat. So I can't, I'm really frustrated by this. This is one of those things like. Can somebody tell me how to interact with the chat? I don't even know.
Okay.
So if somebody, if somebody understands how to operate a chat, let me know because I don't see it. And I will check my DMS occasionally to see if I could figure out like there's no button to turn on the chat. There's no like. I thought I configured it for a chat. Anyway, all right, let's get back to the decision.
So they failed to meet their burden. So here's the key point here. There's a decision that the judge makes. What standard am I applying? If I apply this standard, then the burden is on the plaintiffs, which is the guy suing Tesla, that he has to show something. If I decide that the burden is on the defendants, that means Tesla has to prove that the plan was fair. That's the critical decision early in this decision is, is the decision. Who has to prove that the plan is either fair or unfair. And if you have to prove the plan is fair, that's a harder standard for Tesla to meet.
A board of directors decision. And is this readable? A board of directors decision, how much to pay a company's chief executive officer is the quintessential business determination subject to great judicial deference. But, Delaware law recognizes unique risks inherent in a corporation's transactions with its controlling shareholder. Given those risks under Delaware law, the presumptive standard review for conflicted controller transactions is entire fairness.
So the plaintiffs argue that, so this is the first step. Was the plan a conflicted controller transaction? In other words, does must control Tesla. In other words, is this a case where the compensation plan was decided by objective board members? Or was. Elon, was there a conflict among the people controlling the decision? A conflict as in a conflict of interest. So.
Delaware courts have been presented with this question thrice before. Check something here. Shamara says the video looks good. Thank you. We're watching the chat. Is there a chat? I don't know where the chat is. How do I find the chat? Why can't I see my own chat? Yeah. If I go here, can I see the chat? No, if I go full screen, let's go. Don't see the chat. Come on, man. All right. So.
This is just the comedy of live streaming and doing stuff. You don't know what you're doing. I know how to record decisions. I don't know how to do live streams. Delaware questions have presented with this question thrice before when more Android judges found ways to avoid definitely resolving, depending on what's on it. This decision dares to boldly go where no man has gone before, at least where no Delaware court has tread.
Okay. So this is an important detail. I don't know how appeals work in Delaware. When the judge is following, this is how we've done things. Sorry. When a judge is following, this is how we've done things before. Then. If the judges, how things are done before, you're less likely to win an appeal. I don't know whether there's an appeal possible in this case, but since the judge is openly saying. No courts decided this before. I'm the first one. Well, that would suggest that there's an opportunity for a super a higher level court to review the decision. If you're winging it, basically pulling it together, then that's a challenge that leads to a potential appeal, whether Tesla will appeal, whether Tesla will do some other thing will come to that later.
The collection of features characterizing musk's relationship with the Tesla and its directors gave him enormous influence over Tesla. In addition to his 21.9% equity stake, Musk was the parent of Matt, I think that's Elon's equity stake before the pay package was awarded. He was the parent, the Maddox superstar CEO, who else in the most influential corporate positions CEO, chair and founder enjoyed thick ties with the director's task with negotiating on behalf of Tesla and dominated the process that led to board approval of his compensation plan. At least this transaction must control Tesla.
So, I assume we're going to find this details in the decision. This is the judge, I think, summarizing what he found after he reviewed the evidence. I don't know. It's my impression that Elon did not dominate the process of board approval of his compensation plan. My impression was that Elon stayed hands off that Campbell stayed hands off. And that the board, you know, Elon negotiated a package, the board reviewed it without Elon's push. Maybe we're going to find out over the course of the decisions that Elon pressured the board. That he used his influence, his share, you know, ownership, his other influence over people and he pushed for what he wanted. I don't know.
So, enjoy thick ties with the director's task with negotiating on behalf of Tesla. Okay, so Ira Aaron prize I'm guessing is the guy he's referring to, but we'll find out.
The primary consequence of this finding is that defendants for the burden of proving a trial, the compensation plan was entirely fair. Delaware law allows defendants to shift the burden proof under the entire fairness standard where the transaction was approved by a fully informed vote of the majority of the minority stockholders. And here Tesla conditioned the compensation plan on a majority of the minority vote, but the defendants were unable to prove that the stockholder vote was fully informed because the proxy statement inaccurately described key directors as independent and misleadingly omitted details about the process.
Okay, so the claim here by the judge and by the plaintiff and I don't know whether the judge is being fair or not. Defendants were unable to prove the stockholder vote was fully informed because the proxy statement and accurately described key directors as independent.
Okay, I assume we're going to get these details later. The defendants were thus left with the unenviable task approving the fairness of the largest potential constant compensation plan. So this is the critical detail. This is really the critical detail. The proxy statement that we voted on. I'm pretty sure I vote. I don't remember what the date was of this plan. What was the date of this plan? January 2018.
I think it was January 2018 and I would have voted on this plan because I own stock starting in February 2016. So I believe I voted on the for this plan and I would have voted for this plan, even if I didn't vote for this plan. So the key decision the judge made here is, you know, I'm going to say. Even if on the fairness standard, I think the plan was fair, but what he's argued, the idea is when you have the shareholders vote and approve the plan, you're okay, but the shareholders have to be fully informed and the judges claiming the shareholders were not fully informed. Is he right? I don't know. Let's see if we're getting any other messages from people. How are we doing? Yeah, no chat people are chatting. I don't know where the chat is. Just ignore the chat. Yeah, I'm going to ignore the chat.
Okay, folks. So, all right. Let's see. The primary consequence of this finding is defendant sport, the burden of proving a trial that the compensation was planned allows the shift the parent burn approved for. Okay. So we covered that. So left with the on every old task of proving the fairness of the largest potential compensation plan in the history of public markets. In other words, this is the largest potential compensation plan in the history of public markets. Any set of attorneys could have achieved victory in these unlikely circumstances. It was a talented defense or attorneys here, but the task proved to all in order. So.
So, and the concept of fairness costs for holistic analysis. Just give me one second.
因此,公平成本是整体分析的概念。请给我一点时间。
All right, this requires air conditioning. I'm in a new, I'm in a new Airbnb condo in Bangkok. So.
好的,这里需要空调。我住在曼谷一个新的Airbnb公寓里。嗯。
The process leading to the approval. So the concept of fairness calls for holistic analysis. It takes the consideration to basic issues process and price. The process was deeply flawed must have must had extensive ties with the person's task with negotiating on Tesla's behalf. He had a 15 year relationship with the compensation committee chair, Ira Aaron prize. I guess correctly that Ira is the person he's blaming the other compensation committee member working placed on the working group on Tony. Gracias had business relationships with Musk dating back over 20 years as well as the sort of personal relationship that had him vacationing with Musk's family on a regular basis. The working group included management members who were beholden to Musk such as general counsel Todd Marin, who was Musk's former divorce attorney and whose must admiration for Musk moved him to tears during his deposition. In fact, Marin was a primary go between between Musk and the committee and it is unclear on whose side Marin viewed himself. Yet many of the documents cited by defendants as proof of a pair process were drafted by Marin.
Okay, so. I'm reading this and I think I'm naturally concluding. I tend to believe a judge what a judge writes when a judge writes it even though I might not like the results. So this is true. He had a long relationship with Aaron prize. He had a very people know he I think. Gracias might be on the board of SpaceX as well. One of the challenges of running a large corporation is you're supposed to have independent board members. When you have independent board members and Robin Denholm is a good example of someone who's probably an independent board member. He hasn't mentioned Denholm yet.
And I would assume that Denholm played an important role in this decision process, but you know the bar the board is Kimball Musk now Kimball stayed out of this decision making, but I were Aaron prize somebody who's been tight with the line for as the judge puts it 15 years at the time. And Gracias had a business relation must be back over 20 years personal relationships.
The judge is showing here that the people who are making decisions. So there's a negotiation going on between Tesla and Elon. And the judge is arguing or explaining his opinion that the people on on the Tesla board who are supposedly arguing for Tesla's interests are too close to Musk to be fair. I don't you know, I don't personally care about you know I'm more interested in the result. I'm more interested in the consequences of the results. We're going to get to that. I think it's a pretty fair point.
I didn't read the proxy. So I don't know whether the proxy was fair or not. I think the proxy you know what he's describing you know judges make their decisions based on what they make their decisions on. I really think the ultimate question is is the plan fair and I think the plan was fair. But what he's saying is the process isn't fair.
Okay, given the collection of people tasked with negotiating on Tesla's BAFTA is unsurprising. There was no meaningful negotiation over any of the terms of the plan. Aaron Price testified he did not view the negotiation as an adversarial process. I don't see that the negotiation has to be adversarial. There was no position on the negotiation. The testimony came as close to admitting a controlled mindset as it gets.
And consistent with this specific to Musk approach the committee avoided using objective benchmarking data that would have revealed the unprecedented nature of the compensation plan. So yeah, look we're going to get to this later in the decision. I'm sure is the compensation plan unprecedented yet, but. Elon got squat if the company didn't grow. So you know to me what we're going to get to later in this decision is the reason the plan should have been approved is because the value of the plan according to all the experts at the time in the plan was approved is the value of the plan was zero. Because Tesla was never going to achieve the goals. The Gordon Johnson's of the world all these other you know experts every Wall Street expert it was like well you know Tesla's never going to get anywhere blah blah blah blah blah. Only the true believers thought this was actually going to happen.
Trying to stabilize my platform I think I'm doing the exact opposite right here but we'll see how it goes. So and I'm sorry I'm in a new space I'm figuring it out so I don't really have an ideal situation for doing this video but we'll see what you can do. In credit to these witnesses the testimony was truthful that's very nice. The witnesses were honest about their bias. They did not take a position on the other side of Musk it was a cooperative venture there were no position on negotiations. Musk proposed a grant size and structure in that proposal supplied the terms considered by the compensation committee and the board until Musk. Unilateral lower disasters months later.
Musk did not seem to care much about the other details they got ironed out okay so right here. Musk did not seem to care much about the other details that shows he's not controlling the transaction. Right if Musk did not care about the other details he had as this is what I want. And he didn't care about the other details if he was very focused on details then. It's so it's not okay so thank you Shamara Shamara's live live blogging the chat for me thank you Shamara. I don't write I'd like to make I think Shamara's got the solution to the chat. Shamara is telling me what's happening in the chat and that'll work fine. So Shamara keep keep DMing me if you see something in the chat that I need to look at so.
So this is I think this is an important distinction if you're going to claim that Musk controlled the transaction. And then you're going to say he didn't care much about the other details they got ironed out well then he's not controlling the transaction. It sounds like mucks Musk said this is what I want lowered what he said he wanted six months later. And they just went along with what he wanted on the substance but there's a lot of details involved and they didn't he didn't quibble on the details in this litigation the defendants touted as concessions certain features of the compensation plan a five year holding period and M and A adjustment. That this and it's well trans structure the required festival to increase market cap by a hundred billion more than Musk had initially proposed to maximize compensation under the plan. Wait if he controlled the transaction and he avoided other details and they raised the the market cap by a hundred billion dollars more than he proposed. How is this a controlled transaction okay I'm judging without seeing the judges full analysis but we've got two things here that go against the idea that Musk controlled the transaction one you just admitted he didn't care much about the other details and to this is a I'm going to swear now this is a pretty big fucking detail. Required test that increased market cap by a hundred billion more than Musk had initially proposed to maximize compensation under the plan. A hundred billion more market cap. What was the market cap at the time like forty billion. And you know the market cap ended up paying like seven hundred billion like. That's not that's not controlling the process if Musk didn't. Didn't haggle over that and the board did it on their own all right so we have a problem okay now again I haven't read the whole decision you're watching me read this live so I'm reading the judges initial discussion.
And the underlying question by the way that I don't know the answer to and I don't think I'll have the answer by the end of the stream is. In Tesla appeal is an appeal likely to succeed my in my general sense is that when a judge like this issues a decision in Delaware that's probably it either is no appeal or appeals are unlikely to succeed. Given that the judges said hey this is the first time anybody's ever decided this type of question. That does seem to leave it open to an appeal if there is an appeal but I don't know if there's an appeal or not.
The holding period was adopted in part to increase the discount on the publicly disclosed grant price the M&A adjustment was industry standard and the twelve trans structure was reached in an effort to dil translate musks fully diluted share proposal to the boards preferred total outstanding shares metric is not accurate to refer to these terms as concessions. Okay so what's happening here is the defendants argued hey we have features of the plan that protected shareholders and. You know and we were increased the market cap by a hundred billion dollars more. So the judge saying the holding period was adopted in part to increase the discount on the publicly disclosed grant price. So the M&A adjustment was industry standard and the twelve trans structure was reached in an effort to translate musks fully diluted share proposal to the boards preferred total outstanding shares metric is not accurate to refer to these terms as concessions. Well if it's what the board wanted instead of what musk wanted then musk is making a concession to the board the board is doing something Elon didn't want. Oh I guess what he's saying is it doesn't change the outcome it just changes how it was measured. I don't know we'll see if we'll see if he gets into that later he probably will. Is this visible sorry. I think I pushed this. Okay. Okay so.
The defendants also point to the duration of the process nine months the number of board and committee meetings tennis evidence the process would third and extensive. You lied the lack of substantive work time spent only matters when well spent most of the work on the compensation plan occurred during small segments of those nine months and under significant time pressure imposed by musk. Musk dictated the timing of the process making last minute changes to the timeline or altering substantive terms immediately prior to six out of the ten border compensation committee meetings during which the plan was discussed okay so this is where you get to did Elon control the process. Elon dictated the timing last minute changes the timeline I don't know that the timing matters.
Altering the substantive terms immediately prior to six out of ten border compensation committee meetings during which the plan was discussed and that is just the process the price was no better so here's where we get to the really big meat of the thing. In defense of the historically unprecedented compensation plan defendants earned the court to compare what Tesla gave against what Tesla got. The structure set up defendants arguments that the compensation plan was all upside for the stockholders. The board's primary objective with the compensation plan was to position Tesla to achieve transformative growth and Tesla accomplish this by securing musk's continued leadership offered musk an opportunity increases Tesla ownership by about 6% from about 21.9 to about 28% most 28.3 if and only if he increased Tesla's market cap from Foxley 50 billion to 650 billion while also hidden the operational milestones right this is the details of the trans.
You raise the market cap and these steps 12 steps and you have these milestones revenue and a bit done. According to the defense the deal was 6% for 600 billion dollars of growth in stockholder value at a high level the 6% for 600 billion argument has a lot of appeal yes it does as a shareholder who watched the write up. This was good but that appeal quickly phase when one remembers that must own 21.9% of Tesla when the board approved this compensation plan gave him every incentive to push Tesla to levels of transformative growth okay so what he's arguing here this line.
Okay this to me shows a bias. Okay that that musk's existing ownership stake already gave him adequate incentive. This is this is underlying what he's saying right here because Elon already owned 22% of Tesla at the time. He had every incentive already so he didn't what he's basically saying is Elon did not need to be incentivized any more than he already was. He stood the gain over 10 billion dollars for every 50 billion dollars a market cap increase had no intention of leaving Tesla and he made that clear at the outside of the process throughout this litigation. Moreover the compensation plan was not commissioned on must devote any set amount of time to Tesla because the board never proposed such a term swept up by the rhetoric of all upside or perhaps starry I by Musk superstar appeal the board never asked the 55.8 billion dollar question. Was the plan even necessary for test that retain must can achieve its goals.
Okay so so far I haven't seen and I don't know whether Tesla argued this. The plan was arguably zero value when it was proposed. Like what was market cap the market cap was somewhere around 40 billion dollars when the plan was proposed or 50 billion dollars when the plan was proposed. And all the Wall Street experts said this is worthless because Tesla's not going to grow. Tesla can't do this Tesla's going to fail. I think this is before the the model three ramp. I don't remember exactly when this happened. I think this is before the model three ramp and and you know Tesla nearly died. So you know and is he going to take into account the fact that must was sleeping on the goddamn factory floor. In order to keep Tesla alive and you know so so I see I see a critical detail here. The judge deciding Elon already had enough incentive with Tesla because he owns so much of the stock. I don't know what else is going on that that seems dubious to me.
The question this question because because here's the thing if that Elon already has a large share of the company then to motivate him you need to give him a larger share of the company. Right what what else are you going to do and giving him 1% is not very motivating to guy or he is 22% so giving him 6% is a substantial motivation. This question looms large in the price analysis making each of defendants efforts to prove fair pricing trivial. Defendants prove it must was uniquely motivated by ambitious goals and the Tesla desperately needed must to succeed. But these facts do not justify the largest compensation he keeps hitting the largest compensation way. It's the largest compensation plan at the end after the stock grows and achieves the goals. I would argue it's the smallest compensation plan or it's an extremely small compensation plan when looked at what you should be looking at this from the beginning. Was this a large compensation plan when it was awarded. What's the expected value of the compensation like because he's getting no salary right. Defendants argued the milestones that must have meet to meet to receive equity under the package were ambitious and difficult to achieve but they failed to prove this point.
Okay now here I don't know what happened he claims that the lawyers were extremely talented and hard working and did a great job and then he claims they failed to prove. That the the milestones were ambitious and difficult to achieve. They failed to prove that the milestones were ambitious and if they didn't prove that the milestones were ambitious and difficult to achieve then they did a shitty job. Right so either they were great lawyers and they did a great job or they were shitty lawyers and they did a shitty job and if you're going to tell me they didn't prove that getting a $650 billion market cap.
And the revenue and the ABITDA. We're ambitious and difficult to achieve. I don't know I don't have the evidence I don't know what was proven in court. I don't think it's very hard to prove this was a really difficult thing to do. I think everyone knew when the pay plan was approved. Wow this is gonna be really hard. I think we all knew that.
And we know that in fact getting model three through without the company going bankrupt. Achieving those goals was paying extremely hard. Did they put in evidence that Elon slept on the factory floor. Maybe basically lived at Tesla for three years. Did they prove that. I don't know what they proved. I don't know what evidence was there.
Defendants made the plan maintain the plans and exceptional deal compared to private equity compensation plans. But they did not explain what anyone would compare a public companies compensation plan with a private equity compensation plan. Well, but you know when you say this is an outsized plan like well what other CEO already owns 22% of the company. Right what are you going to compare it to. Are you going to compare it to a company where the CEO owns point zero five percent of the company or point one percent of the company or one percent of the company. I don't know what he's comparing it to.
Descendants and FISTIS did the plan worked and then it delivered to stockholders all that was promised but they made no effort to prove causation. Okay, again, don't tell me they're great lawyers if they didn't prove that. The causation you're telling me they didn't prove all the stuff that you're saying is necessary and then you're telling me the lawyer. What did he say didn't he say the lawyers were great lawyers. Oh wait there's this. There's this line he said. There's this line he said. I swear I saw some line where he said. Where is it. Where is it? I'm sorry, I'm trying to find it. I never him saying a line about the the defendant, if any set of attorneys could have achieved victory in these unlikely circumstances, it was the talented defense attorneys here but the task group tool.
So you're telling me these were the great attorneys. If any set of attorneys could have achieved victory in these unlikely circumstances, it was these talented defense attorneys. These talented defense attorneys who didn't prove all this stuff you're saying was necessary to prove, that was easy to prove? All right, well, I'm gonna say these defense attorneys are either the defense attorneys aren't that talented or the judges for the crap. Okay, let's get back to where we were.
Okay, we're back to this private equity deal. They also made no effort to explain the rationale behind giving Musk 1% per tranche as opposed to some lesser portion of the increased value. None of these arguments add up to a fair price. So I don't see him yet in this discussion addressing what everybody else has been talking about, which is the plan had effectively zero value when it was approved because very few people, outside of true believers, most people believe the Tesla was never gonna accomplish the goals. So what's the actual value of the plan? And I don't know, did Tesla's lawyers explain that position to the judge? I thought there was expert testimony about the value of the plan at the time and I don't see the judge addressing that at all.
Planiffs asked the court to rescind the compensation plan, must rescind plans to do deficiencies. This argument, although elegant and its simplicity is wrong, no legal authority for why rescission must automatically follow, generally a court of equity enjoys broad discretion and fashioning remedies for fiduciary breach and that general principle applies here. This, I had posted, I don't know, a week or so ago that I thought that judge was gonna overturn the pay plan because he was taking a long time and the hard part of taking a long time is fashioning remedies for fiduciary breach that he has to come up with a solution, with a remedy for the plan. He doesn't just say, I'm throwing out the plan, he has to now come up with an answer to what do we do about it? All the rescission does not automatically resolve from the disclosure deficiencies, it is necessarily and never less an available remedy. Refer to rescission as their preferable, but not exclusive remedy for breaches of fiduciary duty, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah.
Oh, he is granting rescission. Plan of offers no legal authority for why rescission must automatically follow an uninformed vote although it does not automatically resolve from disclosure deficiency does never less than available remedy. The Delaware Supreme Court has referred to rescission as, rescission is, I'm throwing out the plan. Okay, without an alternative. As the preferable, but not the exclusive remedy for breaches of fiduciary duty. When rescission, why am I warm? Come on. When rescission can restore the party's position, they occupy before the challenge transaction. Rescision then can achieve this result in that case, in this case where no 30-party interests are implicated and the entire compensation plants its unexercised and undisturbed. In these circumstances, the preferred remedy is the best one, the plaintiff is entitled to rescission. I mean, it sounds like plaintiff's lawyers weren't very good, didn't make the correct arguments and he ruled in favor of them anyway.
Why am I warm? God damn it. I'm trying to get my air conditioning to work in a new space, I'm sorry. All right, I might get warm. Trial took place over five days. The record comprises 1,704 trial exhibits live testimony from nine fact and four expert witnesses, video test, money from three fact witnesses, deposition testimony from 23 fact and five expert witnesses and two, so there's a lot of stuff here. These are the facts of the court finds them after trial.
Okay, I'm gonna skip over details of what he finds about Tesla. I'm gonna skip over the master plan, we know that. Oh, this is important, the master plan was bold, although it might seem difficult to believe now, back then the market for electric vehicles was unproven. No, it's not difficult to believe that now. We all understood that.
Electric vehicle technology was described as impossible. Even traditional automotive start has faced an incredibly challenging environment in which many failed. In fact, no new domestic car company since Chrysler in the 1920s had achieved financial success. Given the risks, Musk himself knew the probability of Tesla completing the master plan is extremely unlikely. And as far as I know, they actually haven't completed the master plan. What? I don't know how to get this air conditioning working, I'm gonna die here. To even Musk's surprise, the master plan came to fruition. So I think this is the early master plan, getting us to a point where we do this new pay plan. So master plan part do reach the final phase of the master plan must be gone and contemplate the next phase of Tesla's development. Die in here. Oh, livestream, could you have made the decision the day after I moved into my new space instead of the day I moved into my new space, published a new strategic document master plan part do unveiled a long range compact sedan called the model three. So we know about model three. No one thought Tesla could mass produce the model three. Musk stated in part do the number of American car companies that haven't gone bankrupt is a total of two Ford and Tesla. Tesla had come close to bankruptcy in its early years. And as of March 2017, approximately 20% of Tesla's total outstanding shares were sold short, making it the most shorted company in the US capital markets the time everyone was betting against Tesla and the man at its home.
Okay, so we're getting through some history here, talking about Elon. Prior to the challenge transaction must receive two compensation plans one in 2009, one in 2012, both were equity linked. The first included a performance based component, the second was entirely performance based. He goes through the history of the two plans. The previous plan 10 tranches, each offering operations representing 0.5% of Tesla's outstanding common stock would have to achieve both a market cap milestone and an operational milestone. Each trench required must increase Tesla's market. So I know there's the previous compensation plan was very similar in the sense that you get this much stock. You have to achieve these market cap milestones and operational milestones market cap and and then there were targets like producing launching model X model three aggregate production. So by the end of 2016, Tesla had achieved seven of the market cap milestones and five of the operational milestones with another four operational milestones considered probable by March 2017, seven of the 10 tranches had vested from the board's perspective, the 2012 grant was successful. Yes, in only five years, Tesla's market crap grew by over 15 X from 3.2 billion to 53 billion. Yes. So this approach to compensating Elon was working. Tesla saw significant operational growth as well. In the end, the value of Musk's holdings increased from approximately 981 million to 13 billion, meaning that Musk ultimately received approximately 52 X, the 2012 grant date fair value. This is gonna be an important question. What's the grant date fair value of the plan that Elon received? Not what did he ultimately receive, 52 X, the grant date fair value? To me, the question is, what was the grant date fair value? What was he awarded when the plan was written and approved? Not what did he end up getting when the plan was followed through?
2017 already nearing completion of the 2012, let me just see. Okay. Prompted a discussion that led to the compensation plan at issue in this litigation by this time, Musk had accumulated 22% beneficial ownership. I think that's including options he hadn't exercised yet. I'm not sure if that's completely the right way of describing it, but I'll assume the judge is getting that right. Okay.
At all relevant times, 9% board. Okay, so here's the decision makers he's describing who's on the board. Aaron Prizes founder and manager of the company founder and managing partner of DBL partners, venture firm invested. His Aaron Prizes and DBL have invested tens of millions of dollars in Musk controlled companies, tens of millions. I have friends who have more than that. I think Bruce Bernworth and Dave Lee have invested more than tens of millions of dollars in Musk controlled companies.
Aaron Prizes had been a member of the board since 2007. He was granted options. He exercised less than the court and added over 200 million. Being a Tesla director had been a real benefit in fundraising for his funds. Aaron Prizes and the Musk brothers have known each other for over 15 years. Personal and professional relationship with the Musk brothers has had a significant influence on his professional career. Yeah, well, that's gonna be true. If anybody was a board member of Tesla, when the company grew that much, to argue that Aaron Prizes relationship with Musk was weighty in other ways.
The plaintiff points to a July 2017 tweet in which Elon professed his love for Musk, but this change does not reveal the deep relationship that the plaintiff described. It was an irrelevant joke. Aaron Prizes is a close friend to Kimball. They had known each other since at least 1999. Aaron Prizes attempted Kimball's wedding in Spain. Also invested okay. So he's basically saying it's pretty clear sign that Aaron Prizes is too close to be an independent director. I'm not saying he is or he isn't too close to be an independent director. The judge seems to be saying he's not truly independent.
Musk joined the board, worked as an accountant, blah, blah, blah. No personal relationship with Musk or other members of the board is never invested in any of Musk's other businesses. Held assets, not including to earn about $2 million. Okay, so it sounds like he's leaving the boss as an independent director.
Denholm, no personal relation, Musk outside her service on the board. The vast majority of her wealth from her compensation as a Tesla director. Is that true? I thought Denholm was successful. See, he doesn't say, wait, he doesn't say what Denholm did before she joined the compensation committee. Her background is in accounting and telecommunications. Wasn't she like CEO? I thought she had a high level executive position in a telecoms company. Denholm ultimately received $280 million through sales of some of the options, described as transaction as life changing, received approximately $3 million per year in her non-Tesla position. Even assuming Denholm valued her Tesla compensation at a fraction of its blackfield value, her Tesla compensation far exceeded the compensation she received from other sources. So blackfield's value is the value of the options at the time they were awarded, I think. Blackfield's is a Nobel Prize-winning economics view of options. Sorry, I did go to Stanford Business School for three years. And I did major in mathematical economic analysis and I did study some finance along the way.
Grazias joined the board in 2000 said, blackfield's is something that MBAs learn about but they don't really understand. BHD students sort of understand it but we probably don't really either. Grazias joined the board in 2007, the compensation committee in 2009. Okay, Grazias, I think he's gonna argue that Grazias is too close to Elon. Managed valor actor or partners, the operation Tesla, actively assisted managing, trying to drive sales. Grazias says that has a mass dynastic or generation wealth from investing in Musk's companies, invested in PayPal in the 90s, began investing in Tesla in Musk's innovation. By the 2017, Grazias was the third largest individual investor in Tesla. Well, that means he's aligned, yeah, he's friends with Elon but he's also aligned with Tesla shareholders, right? All of his Tesla shares held in trust for his children that Tesla stock was worth approximately a billion dollars. Valor and Grazias have invested hundreds of billions of millions of dollars in SpaceX, SolarCity, the boring company on Neuralink, all of which significantly increased in value. All told, Grazias has funded and added billions of dollars by investing in Musk's companies, many of which were made only with Musk's personal invitation. Grazias has touted endorsements from Musk and marketing his own fund. I'm just gonna point out here that yeah, he's tied to Elon, but if he has a billion dollars worth of Tesla stock, doesn't he have the interest of the shareholders in mind?
Okay, Grazias and Musk are close friends. Grazias wants personal loan and million dollars to Musk could not recall he charged interest. They meet outside of work as frequently as once a month, spent 90 each other's homes. Okay, this is clearly documenting that Grazias relationship with Musk is too close to being an independent board member. The judge is probably correct about that that Grazias is not fully independent.
Other directors, Murdoch, professional background of media entertainment, he's probably gonna find that Murdoch, Murdoch attended Kimball's wedding, owned 10,000 shares to the family trust, bought these shares in the market before. Anyone who approached him to become a director now runs a private investment company which invested approximately 50 million in SpaceX. Unclear whether he's going with Murdoch as independent or not. I think he's gonna, I think it's pretty clear Murdoch is independent.
Johnson Rice joined on Grazias recommendations. She and Grazias were friends, ran in same social circles. Soul and player before and during her time at Tesla's a family business, Johnson Publishing Company, which published the magazine's Ebony and Jet. Those are prominent magazines. Served in other boards, received Tesla options as compensation for the director they expired without being exercised.
Okay, so we've moved past the directors and now Musk proposes the terms of a compensation plan. First mentioned in the record, it's really hard to control this air conditioning, God damn it.
Text from Aaron Price to Musk one day after compensation he certified investing. Aaron Price asked Musk to discuss a few comp related issues they spoke by phone on April 9th.
Testified he'd reach out to Musk as if he was ready to recommit and figure out what was his head in a place that he wanted to recommit over a longer duration to Tesla. Okay, so Aaron, and listen to that language. Is Elon ready to recommit to Tesla? Is your head in a place that he wanted to recommit over a longer duration Tesla? Hey, listen, we know you're staying with Tesla. How much money can we give you? Right? Are you willing to commit? Or do you want to stay with Tesla? Don't forget, Elon has SpaceX that he's got, you know, effort into, he may have other ventures. I don't remember when Neuralink and Boring Company started.
Musk put forward terms of a new compensation plan during the call. He envisioned a purely performance based compensation plan structured like the 2012 grant, but with more challenging market cap milestones and proposed 15 milestones of $50 billion in market capitalization total possible award of 15% of Tesla's outstanding shares. To put Musk's proposal in perspective, each market cap milestone increase of $50 billion required Tesla to grow in size roughly equal to the market caps of each of Tesla, Ford and GM as of early 2007, 18. So Tesla would have to grow an amount of market cap equal to that of the most significant domestic car manufacturers to Musk earn to earn a single transfer compensation must be in this proposal is really crazy.
Drafted a proxy statement would incentivize to management to grow Tesla most valuable companies in the world suggesting performance options blah, blah, blah, blah. Okay, wait, what's in the footnote here? Footnotes are sometimes important.
Okay, so there's some quote here. I'm not sure who this is from. You know, with the 2012 ban, everybody liked basically, we started off saying we got to double down, double the market cap for you to get anything. Well, now the market cap had grown to 50 billion. It was up to 59 billion by the time they actually proved the plan, but this idea, 50 billion, that's a nice round number. I think at the end of 2017, Ford was worth about 49 billion. I think GM was worth about 58 billion. Every time we'll get another Ford or GM, I think that just kind of resonated. And then down here, I mean those market cap goals, you know, were totally insane. I mean, you literally had to create a Ford GM or FedEx every 10 months, every 10 months and maintain it, right? So okay, wow, that's pretty nuts. So the board members felt at the time, and Elon felt at the time that this plan was insane in terms of the amount that would have to be awarded.
Mr. Musk indicated that an award structure would align his incentives with those of stockholders and incentivize him to continually the management of the company over the long term.
马斯克先生表示,奖励结构将使他的激励与股东的一致,并激励他在长期内持续管理公司。
Draft proxy statement is the most reliable, only evidence of the substance of the April 9 discussion, neither took contemporaneous notes or otherwise memorialized.
草案代理声明是4月9日讨论内容的最可靠、唯一的证据,没有记录当时的笔记或做出其他形式的备忘。
It is unclear who prepared the draft proxy statement, but Marin was responsible for it. He spoke to Aaron Price within hours of the call and reviewed the draft.
Marin was totally beholden to Musk letting credibility, the accuracy of the draft proxy statement. Should be noted, he was just divorced. People don't always like their divorce attorney, just to be clear. Usually, I would say three quarters of, half people hate their divorce, the winner lose. Like if you win, if you lose, you hate your divorce lawyer. If you win, you might not hate your divorce lawyer, but you paid him a lot of money.
Marin neither socializes Musk nor considered himself a friend of Musk when he worked at Tesla, but he owed his career and who had a genuine affection for Musk.
Held back to his when asked about his departure from Tesla, this crime is the most difficult decision he made to date. So that's not his, that shows he loves Tesla. That doesn't necessarily say he, you can interpret that both ways. So what?
People leaving their jobs are often emotional about it. You're leaving a generation, a company that's massively changing the world.
离职的人往往对此感到情绪激动。你正在离开一个成就非凡、正在极大改变世界的一代人及一家公司。
After speaking to Aaron Price on April 9, Marin enlisted other Tesla employees to help model Musk proposal. All to 13 in-house Tesla executives worked on the grant. The key executive in addition to Marin was Ahuja, Tesla's CFO. Ahuja recommended one substantive change to the structure of pairing the market cap milestones with operational milestones, recommended this change for accounting purposes, relayed the change to Aaron Price, a question whether milestones were necessary. Marin explained important accounting reasons for having operational milestones.
It began to, okay, so again, now the CFO chips and says we need to change the plan from what Elon wanted and Elon went along with it. And those are pretty substantial changes. And we see this by the way with lucid motors. Lucid motors didn't require significant operational milestones for Peter Rawens to get like $300 million. I wonder if any shareholders are gonna sue Lucid over Rawlinson's compensation plan. There's an interesting question.
So I don't know that the judge is politically motivated. I'm not seeing, I don't know that I would see political motivation in this. I don't know that political motivation matters.
I mean, here's the, we haven't gotten to the critical question yet. What was the value of the plan when it was awarded? Because there's a lot of evidence here that I'm seeing. The judge is saying that the evidence isn't there. I'm seeing a lot of evidence that this plan was unlikely to succeed.
So the value of the plan would be very low at the time it's awarded. Musk states that he's committed to test the for life. Little progress was made on much new compensation plan. An analyst asked about news view of staying actively in place with Tesla long in the future. Musk responded he should not be CEO forever. He further indicated he was gonna reevaluate his position after Tesla received achieved volume production to Model 3. The plan of argues that Musk's statement about not being CEO was intended to professor Tesla and negotiations over Musk's compensation plan. But the, but the record does not support that conclusion.
Musk clarified a statement later in the May 3 earnings call saying, well, maybe I wasn't clear. I intend to be actively involved with Tesla for the rest of my life. Hopefully stopping before I get too old or too crazy. I don't know. But essentially for as long as I can positively contribute to Tesla and tend to be to have a significant involvement with Tesla.
That doesn't mean he intends to be CEO. Stating unequivocally, he would have remained at Tesla even if Stockwald is a rejected new compensation plan because he was heavily invested in Tesla both financially, emotionally, and viewed Tesla as part of his family. Trial witnesses similarly testified he never heard Musk say he didn't plan to quit Tesla.
For operating that fact, is any lack of succession plans during the relevant period that is before 2021, neither Musk nor Tesla had identified a potential successor for the role of Tesla CEO. The first and forgettable board discussion. Okay, so throwing in forgettable here is the judge tipping his hand that he has a strong opinion about this board discussion.
By June 2017 had met all 10 market cap milestones for the 2012 grant, only three trenches left to achieve. Board discussed the prospect of a new compensation plan Musk chaired the meeting. The conversation was brief and apparently forgettable.
During that meeting, Aaron Price updated the board, stated plans were underway to design the next compensation program. Minutes of that meeting are three pages long in the discussion of a new constant place compensation plan.
So okay, so the first meeting, I think the point here is the judges as heading towards a conclusion that the board didn't discuss the plan enough. That's the reason for this inclusion is, okay, this discussion was not meaningful and therefore the board did not do significant evaluation. And then Denholm said she doesn't remember discussing it.
Now in June of 2017, we would like to discuss Elon's next stock rant, this sort of outreach from Marin was common during the process, although he was counseled to Tesla, he would reach out and prompt action by the compensation committee to benefit Musk. A few days prior, now keep my Marin is not on the board.
Marin's team had prepared an aggressive timeline for approving a compensation plan, scheduled the compensation plan to prove the plan by July 17th or July 24th at the latest. The initial June 15 plan contemplated only two compensation committee meetings prior to final approval and in the law of committee, just over a month to do his job. A later June 26th version was even more rushed proposing only one compensation committee meeting. The timeline reflected a reckless approach to a fiduciary process given the compensation committee had not yet discussed any substantive terms nor met considering the grant. Despite the breakneck speed, contemplated by the timeline reported a council that Aaron Price was aligned on the plan in timing. Well, but Aaron Price had already, Aaron Price is the one who'd already discussed the plan. It was the rest of the board that wasn't aware of it.
After Musk asked to discuss this compensation plan, the team was supercharged, initial calls with five potential compensation consultants, selected three for Marin and Aaron Price to interview, the consultants were formed and Musk's initial proposal and the aggressive timeline.
Okay, the first compensation committee discussion discussed Musk's compensation plan on June 2017, June 23. No, the committee formally resolved to retain Wilson, Suncini and Compensi as legal advisor and compensation consultant. A few days later retained John Berg at Aeon Hewitt-Radford to value the 2018 grant in light of the market-based milestones and to advise on the accounting treatment of the 2018 grant in light of the performance-based milestones.
During the meeting, Aaron Price stated that compensation committees aim is to create a new compensation plan similar to 2012 grant, set up goals for the compensation plan in broads groups. The meetings of the minute, the minutes of the meeting described that discussion is follows. The committee discussed how Musk had been and would likely remain a key driver of the company's success and its prospects for growth and that accordingly would be in Tesla's interest and the interest of its stockholders to structure a compensation package that would keep Mr. Musk as the company's fully engaged CEO.
Unlike most other CEOs, Musk manages multiple successful large companies, discussed the importance of keeping Mr. Musk focused and deeply involved in the company's business and the corresponding need to formulate a compensation package that would best ensure Mr. Musk focuses as innovation strategy leadership on the company and its mission. This is an important detail. Elon runs SpaceX, which is now over a $150 billion company. He's got other companies that he runs. I assume at this point, I don't remember when Nurely and Boring Company started, but he started those companies. He has other interests. Yes, he's committed to Tesla, but he's got other things. It's not just whether he stays with Tesla. It's how much of his time he devotes to Tesla. It's whether he makes Tesla a priority or whether he makes other companies a greater priority.
Committee was not presented with any proposed terms for compensation plan to not consider anyway. This was the case even though behind the scenes, Aaron Price and Musk had discussed in Musk's initial proposal, which Musk's team had already modeled. Yeah, but I think the consultants hadn't reviewed the plan yet. So what would be the point of presenting it to the compensation committee? Although the committee had no idea what the terms the plan might be, they were told to be prepared to approve it in July. Brown thought the timeline was on wise. Brown called Aaron Price to ask for more time to work on the matter. Aaron Price responded, this is the timeline we're working with. Marion's team would repeat that message. We're running up against a short down with, make sure this is moving, move it full tilt.
Other than Brown, there's no evidence anyone questioned the timeline.
Aaron Price formed a working group. Marion two announced attorneys reported to him, Chang and Phillips, a Hoosha Brownberg and where attorneys from Wilson, Suncini. Aaron Price and Gracias were in the working group at the compensation committee decided that the two members with less extensive ties to Musk, Dan Homan, and bus were optional attendees. I thought that they weren't, I thought they were not.
Okay, the working group first met on June 30th. Phillips proposed the agenda. Brown prepared a slide deck with high level overview of the suggested terms. Few slides summary in the 2012 grant, a slide titled preliminary concept, reflecting the 15 tranche and three slides total titled key program terms, alternatives and considerations, which identified terms of the compensation plan on the title preliminary alternative and considerations relative to each relevant each term under the term titled. The presentation identified the following question for discussion. Will both operational and company evaluation goals be used? I'm just reading through here. The presentation was a vehicle for getting the compensation committee members up to speed in the work done behind the scenes prior to that time. Working with stood points to move forward, Chang emailed members of the group about developing operational milestones.
Mark each market cap milestone would also require an increase of 15 billion in cap revenue. Past let's expect to achieve milestone roughly every once once every 12 to 15 months over the next three years.
Musk decelerates the process.
Working group met again on July 6th, the day before the next compensation committee. After this meeting, Maron and Form chain were now going on a slower track with the CEO grant. We're now looking to issue it in August or September instead of within the next couple of weeks. So first he's saying that the committee was rushed. And now it's slowed down. It was way too complex to do what was originally described as a preliminary timeline but did not recall additional details.
The reality is that Maron answered to and spoke to warm us in this. So he's making a conclusion here that Maron, who's the attorney for Tesla, but also Elon's divorce attorney. And I can understand that doesn't seem very independent. That doesn't mean he's not a good attorney. And I'm not sure why a divorce attorney is in this role.
Okay. Is he a good lawyer? Does he know Elon's attitude isn't, you know, Elon's attitude is this person good at his work, right? Does this person work hard? Does this person have exceptional ability? That's how Elon tends to decide these things. Who do I hire? Somebody who has exceptional ability.
If he felt that the divorce attorney had exceptional ability, he would put him in a different slot. And he's claiming that Maron answered to and spoke for Muskenness. And that's a statement. It was must go ask either ask to slow things down or stop pushing to get them done so quickly. This is a conclusion. I don't see where he says must this paragraph right here. Like I'm not saying he's wrong. All I'm saying is all of a sudden it was slowed down. It's unclear why the process was slowed down. It's unclear why the judge think it's bad that the process is slowed down. The judge seemed to be saying it was bad that the process was accelerated. So now the process is slowed down. He's claiming that Musk slowed the process down. And I don't see him making any reference to any evidence that Musk is the one who pushed it to slow down.
It's entirely possible the CEO said no, this is too big. Because the CEO was pushing the CFO, Ahuja, Deepak, I think his name is, you know, wanted these other milestones, operational milestones included. Maybe Deepak has the one who slowed it down. It was Musk who either asked to slow things down or stop pushing to get them done so quickly. Musk denied aspects of this finding, denying that he's pushing for the grant to happen quickly and stating he was generally airing on the side of glowing slowly, did not recall the exact reason why the process slowed down early July. But his recollection of relevance was generally.
So the judge is concluding that Musk is controlling this when there's zero evidence. This is a spot where if you're looking for bias of the judge, this is a spot where you see bias of the judge. The judge is concluding that Elon is the one who's controlling the pace of the process with zero evidence that Musk controlled the pace of the process.
And I would say looking at this, Ahuja, Deepak, Ahuja, the CFO said, hey, we need operational milestones to make this sensible. We can't just do this on market cap alone. It's entirely conceivable that Deepak, the CFO said, hey, you're going too fast. You got to slow this down. It's entirely possible that Marin on his own said, you know, I'm looking at this. It's my legal conclusion that this is moving too fast. We need to slow this down. We don't know. And neither does the judge, apparently, and the judge forms an opinion.
So this, again, when you're looking, no, when I say bias, I don't mean political bias because apparently some people are saying this political bias. I'm saying, Hey, that they want you to use she because the judge is a woman. Oh, I'm sorry. The woman is sorry. I didn't know the woman, the judge is a woman. Kathleen McCormick.
Okay. My bias. I assume the judge was a man. I was wrong. But the fact is that the judge rules makes a decision that looks right right here must denied aspects of this finding. But where's the evidence? You must said that's not true. Where's the evidence that is this true? The judge is just pulling this out of the air. You know, all we have is we don't know why it was postponed. How do we, how do we know this is Elon? Maybe this is going to come up later. Maybe there's going to be evidence of this later, but I think this is an example of the judge being biased against Elon. I'm not saying there's a political bias. I'm saying the judge is biased.
The judge has decided that now this is one of the things my opinion about judges. Judges decide on a result. And then they some judges follow a process of saying what's the process I should follow to come to a decision. Some judges decide a result and then they figure out how do I get there. And this is an example of a judge saying, okay, I want to invalidate this pay plan. And here's a fact I need to find that's going to help me get there. I need to find that Elon controlled this process. So let me assume that Elon controlled the process here, even though I don't have any facts to support it. My opinion on what I'm reading from what the judge said.
The first compensation committee discussion of the substantive terms agenda was revised, given the new timeline, short presentation read the CEO grant from Brown. This is the first meeting where the committee would be presented with terms of a compensation plan. In addition to $50 billion market cap milestones that Musk has proposed covered alternatives are flat $25 billion increase or graduated milestones, being a $10 billion increase into 50 billion. These different market cap approaches corresponded to different award sizes ranging from 7.5% of total outstanding shares to Musk's proposed 15%. Although the presentation identified alternatives to Musk's proposal, the presentation included evaluation only for Musk's proposal. Presentation was therefore biased toward Musk's proposal.
All this was the first meeting in which the committee considered any terms. I don't know if we have a, it doesn't state what the valuation was, by the way, nowhere has it stated what the valuation was. But, you know, it seems pretty obvious if the proposals range from 7.5% of total outstanding shares to Musk's proposed 15%. I don't know how much of a genius you have to be to figure out it's half. 7.5% is half or 15%. I don't know if you need an expert witness to explain that 7.5% is half or 15%.
In addition, the market cap and operational model. Now, maybe somebody could have said, hey, let's figure out what's the value here. In addition, market cap and operational milestones, presentation identified other potential grant features, including the following clawback provision. Tesla's executive officers are subject to clawback policy. Presentation contained the following question. Is the current clawback provision sufficient protection for the company? No evidence that the committee discussed this question or ever demanded a more protective clawback provision. The final version of the grant included a clawback provision based on the guidelines. Repayment of certain incentives if there's a restatement of our financial statements. So, okay, this isn't terribly significant, but there's a provision in here to protect Tesla against a restatement of financial statements that would clawback money from Elon.
An M&A adjustment, which is a provision that accounts for impact of financing or acquisitions on the market cap, milestones, these provisions are standard, a hold period, which was a period post exercise during which Musk would be prohibited from selling his stock. Post exercise hold periods decrease the grant accounting value of the stock as follows. Two-year minus 15%, three years minus 18%, and five years minus 22%. Benchmarking analyses were on the advisor's minds. Prior to the first working group meeting, we suggest an end-of-the-art benchmarking. Largest CEO pay packages in 2016, summaries of other executive compensation plans, solar city Nike, Avago technologies and Apple, Radford's $3.1 billion valuation of a grant featuring $50 billion market capitalization, milestones and awarding 15% of total outstanding shares. I think Radford is one of the experts they hired. And Radford's additional preliminary models based on different market cap approaches, but the appendix data does not constitute a traditional bank marking study and is unclear whether committee discussed this information with the risks associated with such grant at any event.
Aaron, we're to contact Tesla's largest institutional stockholders to discuss the new compensation plan, work with outside council to prepare talking points to use during the calls. They ultimately spoke to 15 stockholders between July 7, 2017 and August 1, 2017. Marin sub-boardinates joined these calls and took notes. Now notice these calls took time. So it may like the idea that that Musk slowed the discussion seems dubious. It seems like the plan was slowed because they had a talked institutional stockholders. Someone decided, hey, we need to talk to our largest institutional stockholders before we go forward with this plan. And that obviously took longer than the original timeline. And they have script. Aaron Price introduces himself and Marin identifies his objectives. Sing Musk's praises. Remind the stockholders. Explain their, it's a new compensation structure. Blah, blah, blah. Stockholders to whom Aaron Price and Marin spoke were pleased with the 2012 plan's results and supported a similar approach for new compensation plan. Stockholders also provided suggestions for the new compensation plan that the board ultimately adopted.
It's difficult to credit the defendant's narrative for two reasons. First, the script reads like a loaded questionnaire intended solicited positive feedback and not a method for gaining objective stockholder perspectives. Second, what the stockholders said in response to these increases hearsay and untested by the adversarial process, including cross examination.
Okay. So, okay, this is an important thing to understand hearsay. That's an out of court statement offered to prove the truth of the matter asserted. So this is, this is not hearsay. Okay. This is incorrect. What the stockholders said in response to these increases hearsay. It's not that what the stockholders said is proving facts outside the evidence. It's what the stockholders wanted. If the stockholders said this is what we want, right? It's evidence of what they wanted, not evidence of some outside fact. It's not like you asked the stockholders, hey, what did, who shot the defense, who shot the witness, who shot the victim? Who shot the victim, right? And now you've got a statement from some stockholders saying, oh, you know, John shot the victim. Well, you can't cross examine the out of court statement. But here, there's an exception. I don't even know if this qualifies as an exception. You know, there's a rule. This is not offered to prove the truth of the matter asserted. It's not offered to prove the truth of what the stockholders said. It's offered to show what they wanted. That's, that's different. This is not here said. Okay. So finding that this is here, say, my opinion, this is a mistake. This is a legal mistake. Judge McCormick, she made a mistake by saying that this is here, say. And if somebody wanted to bring in the stockholders as witnesses and ask them questions, the, the, the plaintiffs could have summoned this. If this was an important issue, the plaintiffs could have brought the institutional stockholders in and said, did you have conversations about this? What were your thoughts on this blah, blah, blah, blah, blah, blah? It is subject to the process. You could have brought them in for depositions.
Okay. The working group develops operational milestones. One of the objectives. Operational metrics, EBITDA, operating income free cash flow, blah, blah, blah. Uh, who, who had developed the strategic milestones for the 2012 grant and he took responsibility. Ahojah is the CFO, Deepak, Ahojah. I don't know if I'm pronouncing a hooja, right? Um, so, uh, who, by the way, we're, we're only on page. We're on page seven of 201 here. Is that right? Are we only on page seven? This can't be right. No, we're on page 54. Okay. We're on page 54. I'm sorry. I almost panicked. Ahojah. So, Berg sent, Ahojah and other members of the working group an analysis of historic market cap to revenue ratio of large US companies use this data to propose starting with a 6.5 x revenue to market cap milestone which could be used to determine the initial revenue milestones. 7.5 billion dollars additional revenue for each $50 billion in market cap. The revenue milestones then declined to 4x for the final tranches. Suggested for a bit the milestones.
There's no evidence here that Elon is driving Ahojah to choose these milestones. The idea that Elon is controlling this process, it appears that Deepak is suggesting these milestones. So far, I haven't seen any indication that Musk is controlling Deepak. Um, projected that Tesla should be able to get to $12 billion a bit over the next 4 to 5 years, depending on volumes and margin assumptions. Um, as to the whole period, the presentation note, the guidelines required a 6 month post, besting hold period. Creative options they can employ to solve for getting a bigger discount on the publicly reported grant date fair value. Uh, provided holding periods ranging from 1 to 10 years in types of options with corresponding discounts. Update for the full board excluding Musk and Kimball on the structure under discussion, Maron sent an email to the full board, summary in the process today and asking everyone to attend upcoming compensation committee meetings.
Musk hits the brakes late July 2017 proved a busy time for Tesla, which delivered the first Model 3 on July 29. This triggered the eighth milestone in Musk's 2012 grant. It also prompted Musk to once again reset the compensation to these timelines. In Maron's views, given the struggles with the Model 3 launch, Musk desired to extend the timeline either because he was unsure whether to commit to Tesla, which must deny. Or simply did not want to focus on compensation during a busy time.
Whatever the reason Musk hit the brakes in the process, two days before the plan meeting Musk sent Maron a brief email asking to put the discussion of his compensation on hold for a few weeks. Maron said he would rather keep cranking out because there's a fair amount to it that we've been working out the board and there's lead time involved. Musk agreed to let Maron proceeds saying he just wanted to make sure Tesla's interest comes first.
The added compass just so I can put as much as possible towards minimizing existential risk by putting the money towards Mars if I'm successful and leading Tesla to be one of the world's most valuable companies. This is kind of crazy, but it is true. Okay, so by the way, I have said for the longest time that he wants to put the money towards Mars that who's the customer for the Mars mission. Elon is the customer. If Elon becomes the world's first trillionaire, Elon is the one who can fund the Mars mission. Who's the customer for Mars? I've said Elon is the customer for Mars. Here's Elon apparently saying that. But again, look at what happens here. He says Musk puts Musk hits the brakes. Sorry, the judge. She says Musk hits the brakes and what actually happens? Maron says no, I want to keep cranking on and Musk says he agreed to let Maron proceed. So Musk didn't hit the brakes. Musk asked to hit the brakes. Maron said no and Musk said okay. So how is Musk controlling this process? This is ridiculous. The process goes off course.
Musk remained hyperphosis on model free production, which was proving slow and painful. As Musk described the trial, the sheer amount of pain required to achieve that call. There's no words to express. This aspect of Musk's testimony was totally credible. Okay, so apparently there's one moment in Elon's testimony where Judge McCormick said Elon was believable, which by the way, this is an indication again. This is a bias against Musk. She does not find Musk to be credible otherwise. This was credible and therefore there are times when Elon was not credible. Right? What is she saying? I did not believe Elon at other times.
There's a little bit more detail here from the email from Musk describing the slow progress is extremely alarming, demanding production of 1000 model three vehicles in the final week of September stating, come hell or high water, that 1000 unit number is going to fucking happen. If I have to help build them myself, I'm going to be a draconian because I have to be in warning the Tesla's life is at stake. Now, notice she doesn't mention in the process that Tesla's life was actually at stake that Tesla was at risk of bankruptcy. She doesn't mention that.
All the musculid to allow Marin to keep cranking progress and Musk's compensation plan is low to a halt. There was some discussion of Musk's compensation plan, no action. Highlights of this interactive are discussed in brief below. Telephonic meeting in August one. Is additional compensation for the CEO required given his current ownership and potential appreciation with company performance. This is the first time this key question had been posed. Did Musk require additional compensation? The most curious thing about this question is there no evidence that any director deliberated over it did not appear in any other board or committee materials.
Okay, so this hints at the judge saying a founder who owns a large percentage of the company doesn't deserve additional compensation. Right. That's the conclusion. A founder who owns a substantial share of the company doesn't deserve additional compensation. He's already motivated. Next event of interest occurred on September 8 when Aaron Price and Dan Holmes spoke to Musk discuss his compensation plan. Once again, the most notable aspect of this conversation concerns a question and went on discussed. The agenda for the September 8th call identified the following topic for discussion. Should some type of commitment be included as part of comp structure trial testimony, real that no one raised this issue with Musk. Aaron Price called discussing must dedication to Tesla generally and Marin summary.
The call reflects that the participants discussed the opportunity costs of Musk devoting time to Tesla, although, Musk didn't have a good recollection. The September 8th call. He was confident they did not discuss a time or attention commitment. Musk said that would be silly.
Board met on September 19th, but meeting was not terribly interesting report on the committee's progress. They have a presentation covering much of the same ground as the August 1 presentation. Value the 15% mark cap option at a two to $3 billion grant date fair value. Okay. This is an important detail. We'll see if this gets coverage, whether the judge pays attention. Value the 15% market cap option at a two to $3 billion grant date fair value. So this is saying at the date we award this. We're giving Elon something worth two to $3 billion.
Or in the meeting minutes, the board expects his general support for the overall structure of the grant. And we have a footnote 304. That's just okay. There's nothing there. That's just a indicating where it's in where it is in the transcript.
Board favorite a long term stock option grant with performance based fasting. Ordinated Musk was driven by large goals and viewed the discussed targets as achievable given the potential the company believed Musk would as well.
Before this period of activity, the only milestones in discuss with the $50 billion market cap milestones. Operational rival milestones remain to be determined, but a huge, you gave them some thought working group meeting. Discussions focused on adjusted the bit that's unclear made the decision to focus on that metric.
Why does that matter? A huge as one of his employees for operational metrics that will line up with the 15 increments. A huge in vision 15 adjusted a bit to milestones ranging to $2 billion to $25 billion across comparisons. After pulling the data, members of Hoosius team responded, they didn't see immediate parallels to where we are more information.
Reached out to his team for out developing 10 adjusted e-bit to metrics that ended revenue about $150 billion in market cap by 800 billion using percent and multiples which start high and progressively become lower.
Thinking as we will develop a bit to based operational metrics rather than revenue based. It is unclear who dictated that thinking at that time. A Tesla employee responding to a provided temp.
Well, I don't know why it's unclear. I think it's obvious that Deepak is doing his own analysis of what's appropriate, which is his fucking job. Like, why? The problem is that in revenue, if you rely on revenue alone and you're not profitable, that's not meaningful. And he bit is an appropriate method. I think it's James Stevenson who explained this to me that he bit maybe was either Dave, maybe was Dave Lee who explained that when you have a startup company, a bit as a better measure. Not in he wasn't referring to the, I don't think he was referring to the award structure. He was referring to when you're looking at a company value in your company and a startup phase. You want to look at a bit.
Tesla employee responded 10, a bit to milestones. The play found would necessitate a bit multiple well above that of Amazon cap apple or Google. So that's saying the profit would have to be substantially higher.
At the end of October, production difficulties seem to be easing. Production will sue enter the steep portion of the manufacturing S per, which will create nonlinear production growth with Tesla's production stabilizing must turn his attention back to his compensation plan. Lower is his ask. Stady, you want to move forward. He meant something. He wanted to reduce something less than 15% of total outstanding shares. It's unclear why Musk decided to lower his ask is possibly trying to single handedly calibrate the compensation package to terms that more reasonable later that morning he told me, and I would like to take board action as soon as possible.
Feel comfortable. Then we'll go to the shareholders. I think the amount should be reduced to a 10% increment in my Tesla ownership. If I can get us to a $550 billion valuation. But that should be a fully diluted 10% factory and then it dilutes me to. So it was awarded to me and now and I own probably 20% fully diluted and I would have 30%. Of course, there will be future dilution due to employee grants and equity raises. So probably this is more like 25% or more or so in 10 years when there's some chance of being fully awarded.
Moments later, Musk sent me another email given this will all go to causes that it leads aspirationally maximize the probability of a good future for humanity. Plus all Tesla shareholders will be super happy.
I think this will be received while it should come across as an ultra bullish view of the future given this pump.
我认为这将会被接受,尽管它应该被视为对未来极度看涨的观点,因为这次大涨。
Comp package is worth nothing if all I do is almost double test as market cap. So in other words, if Elon almost doubles Tesla's market cap from where it is at this point, he gets nothing. Right.
And we've got the Gordon Johnson's the world saying Tesla's a busted growth story. This is never going to happen.
我们现在有了戈登·约翰逊的评论,他认为特斯拉是一个失败的增长故事。这是永远不会发生的。
Relate his proposal Chang sent Aaron price a list of talking points. The numbers were talking about how we doing. How are we doing here? I can't tell how many people are watching. All right, let's go back.
Remember, we're talking about a lower than before 10 tranches to 550 billion. Meanwhile, Jervitson began to leave Vap since at this time. He'd been a managing director. It's became a PR problem for Tesla. It returned to the board April 2019, but left against September 2020.
Musk emailed Marin again asking to pause for a week or two on his compensation plan as it would be a terrible timing. Did not recall the nature of the problem.
Musk's November 9 proposal, the unintended consequence of raising Musk's demand. According to Chang, Musk's demand increases current percentage of fully diluted shares by 10 percentage points would require an award of nearly 30 million shares, which equal to approximately 17% of total outstanding shares turned out to be larger than his proposal initial proposal, contrary to his desire for reduced amount. Marin sent Chang's calculations.
Musk responded on December 1 telling Marin that is more than I intended. Let's go with 10% of the current FDM. That's number. So 20.9515 million. Fully diluted share total. So Marin pushes back. Marin and Chang push back and say, Elon, no, that's too much. And Elon says, okay. And this is the moment where Elon says, I guess I was negotiating against myself. I don't understand why that's a big deal. Musk is negotiating. In other words, the board was probably ready to approve the larger number and he line negotiated down. And he's going to need to reduce it lower.
The party's crammed a lot of work into a few days in December, but that's not true. That's not true. If you read the facts, they're pushing back against Elon's number and Elon agrees to lower it. So the conclusion that Elon made a comment about is sort of half joking does not change the fact that the facts that you laid out are Marin and Chang pushed back against Elon saying that's too much. Let's go with, we need to go with a lesser number and Elon agreed to a lesser number.
Party's crammed a lot of work into a few days in December. Renewed sense of urgency approved a 12-tranch grant structure in a set of operational milestones.
Musk appeared prepared to accept the transaction, which the minister described at the lower end of the previously contemplated range of 12% of total outstanding shares.
马斯克似乎已经准备好接受这笔交易,该交易被该部长描述为之前考虑过的总未偿股份的12%的较低端范围。
Okay. 12% 12-tranch structure. All pre November 19 discussions in between 15 tranches, then there was 10 tranches, compensation committee approved a 12-tranch structure, which was presented at the board two days later.
Party's discussed the evolution was intended to counter Musk's offer for a fleet of 10% and its correlated 10% infrastructure. 12% of total outstanding shares equals approximately 10% fully diluted, making it seem like there was no real upside using 12% figure. Adding two more tranches on top of Musk's suggested 10 tranches required a Tesla to hit the $50 billion market cap, and two more times to generate an additional $100 billion in market cap.
So it made it harder for Musk to achieve the maximum payout of the grant, testified the shift from fully diluted total outstanding shares with one of two areas where the board pushed significantly and I conceded. This testimony finds no support in the contemporaneous record, although there are benefits of a 12-tranch structure to minority shareholders, that moved to 12% and 12 tranches was driven by the board's preference to base the ground and total outstanding shares rather than fully diluted shift. It makes it harder for Elon to achieve the goals. It makes it harder for Elon to get what he's looking for. You know, again, this strikes me as a judge who's decided on a result before doing the analysis.
This is very clear that the board is pushing back. This is board changing the requirements, making it harder for Elon to get what he wants, you know, a $100 billion increase in market cap to get the full outcome.
This issue rose first rose during the November 16 board meeting. There's this focus on fully diluted shares versus total outstanding shares. Like who cares? Board of you total outstanding shares is simple or metric and used it with.
How the special meeting discussed the grant. They went for simplicity of 10. 10 means the end goal is smaller 12 tranches of 1% each. The board agreed to the size demanded by must prefer to base it on total outstanding shares consistent with their discussion. So they went against Elon with total outstanding shares instead of fully diluted shares.
Completed size of the grant is here. Grant size will be 20.1 million shares, which is less than I think, he wanted proposed. 12% of total outstanding shares 9.8% of fully diluted shares.
Email Chang and Tesla's corporate controller. Aaron Price told the board must was prepared to accept this grant size. There's no discussion. Any minutes or notes of the November 16 blah, blah, blah. The board desired 12 tranches because it's better for the minority shareholders. To the contrary, the only explanation the record for the 12 trans structures, the board preferred to measure the grant by total outstanding shares for simplicity sake. No evidence that the board pushed for the 12% 12 trans structure.
Okay. So there's this point about minority stockholders. Um. You know, the 12th trans structure makes it harder for E line to achieve his goals. And it means that the shareholders have to get an extra $100 billion in market cap. That's obviously better for minority shareholders if the market cap is that setting is 10 is 100 billion higher. Um, what differences does it make if they said this is good for the minority stockholders is good for all the stockholders. No evidence the board pushed for the 12% 12 trans structure must did not recall the board pushing or must conceding anything. He testified that all the size of the overall plan was one of the features that was different than I think were initially thought of by E line. I don't want to say that it was a necessary over his objection. Or discuss the structure the operational milestones came to a consensus to use both sales and profits metrics directed the compensation committee and management develop operational milestones.
Took up the mantle used to comparatively low 10% a bit to revenue margin. Refined the model to three options for six eight or 12 of each of revenue and adjusted a bit to milestones.
Now there's this. Um, why is 10% a bit to over revenue margin low? Low compared to what compared to an auto company compared to a tech company. 360. It's not it's not clear why this is relatively low from that from the opinion. By December 10, we find the model three options for six eight or 12 of each revenue all okay. So I'll achieve achieve develop achievable operational milestones and analyze information regarding adjusted a bit to revenue ratios of certain peers Amazon 8% Apple 34% and Google 42%. Yeah, well, okay. Comparatively low to Apple and Google. Not compared. They're not even trying to compare to car companies. Like what is it for car companies and Amazon 8% this is higher than Amazon.
Ultimately, it's the same as Amazon. He started the 50 billion dollar market cap milestone backed into revenue and a bit to targets. Explained to the operational market cap milestones have to be somewhat aligned has to make sense to be able to achieve around the same time or what you think is the same time. And there's a key point here, which is if you achieve the market cap without achieving the revenue and the ABITDA, then you know that you're getting compensated for not really achieving the operational goals.
So why are these goals unreasonable? Because they're less than Apple and Google. And there's not there's no I don't see any analysis by the judge of that. It's just sort of throwing it out there. Again, we're only on page what page are we on? We're only in page 74. Maybe the judge lays it out later during the December 12 meeting board also reviewed Tesla's then current operating plan and projections. The one year projections underline the operating plan forecast to 27.4 billion in total revenue and 4.3 billion and adjusted a bit by late 2000 to 2018. And thus it's predicted achievement of three milestones in 2018 alone. The three year long run projections underline that plan reflected that by 2019 and 2020 and Tesla would achieve 7 and 11 operation and milestones respectively. That's not this is like goals. You know, this is what they're trying to achieve that lots of companies say this is what we're going for. That doesn't mean they actually they actually were assured of achieving these goals. The point is to achieve the goals. I guarantee you Gordon Johnson at the time was saying they were not going to achieve them and all sorts of wall streeters are saying they're not going to achieve them.
The day after the December 12 board meeting Chang provided Bergen Brown the near final term sheet. Leadership requirement reflected agreement on a leadership requirement conditioning investing under the grant on must being CEO or executive chairman chief product officer. 2012. In addition to investing in many CEO. The board relaxes the request to allow vesting of must was not CEO was but executive chairman. This does this seems like a trivial details. Gracias explained the more lenient leadership requirement like the board is believed that must both idle function was the chief product officer not a CEO. There's no evidence the board ever discussed or negotiated this with Musk. Yeah, but there's voices out there who wanted to go to a point of CEO. He's chief product officer at X. It doesn't mean he's not very involved with the company and doesn't mean he's not adding value CEO is just a title. It doesn't mean you're the you're the most important person in the company. And he let us made fun of the CEO title right he's now he's not even CEO. What is he? Chief to know he's not chief to it. That's X December 13 term sheet. Techno king is he tech no king December 13 term sheet reflected boards intent to include an M&A adjustment the grant. Scluded from the market cap milestone acquisitions with a purchase price of over a billion dollars. And the revenue in a bit to milestones excluded amounts attributable to acquisitions providing more than 500 million or 100 million of each respectively. Describe this as a negotiated term that must one of the M&A adjustments just to apply to single milestone at the point of M&A. We ultimately got those adjustments to. So again, the board is disagreeing with the line and getting what they want. Musk would eventually come around to the M&A adjustment as proposed by the board. So he so is must control this transaction or not must came around and agreed to it and Marin is disagreeing with the line and who just you know you have this situation where Musk says what he wants. And then Marin says no, we're going to do this and who just says no, we're going to do this and Musk is going along with it. So how is Musk controlling this transaction?
在12月12日的董事会会议之后,张提供给伯根·布朗了一份近乎最终的条款清单。领导要求反映出对领导要求的共识,即在授予资助的条件下,必须成为CEO或执行董事首席产品官。此外,除了投资于许多CEO外,董事会还放宽了要求,允许授予资助的人也可以成为执行董事长。这似乎是一个微不足道的细节。格雷西亚斯解释了更宽松的领导要求,就像董事会认为必须同时担任首席产品官而不是CEO。没有证据表明董事会曾与马斯克讨论或谈判过这个问题。是的,但是有些人声称他想担任首席执行官。他是X公司的首席产品官。这并不意味着他不参与公司,也并不意味着他没有为公司增加价值。CEO只是一个头衔,这并不意味着你是公司里最重要的人。他甚至嘲笑过CEO这个头衔,他现在甚至连CEO都不是了。他是什么?他是首席到底谁知道,他不是首席到底是谁知道。是12月13日的条款清单,技术之王,Tech No King。12月13日的条款清单反映了董事会打算在资助中包括一项并购调整。排除了以超过10亿美元购买价格的市值里程碑收购和排除了收入和利润指标中归因于超过5亿美元或各自为1亿美元以上的收购金额。将其描述为一个有争议的条款,即必须在并购时仅适用于单一里程碑。我们最终获得了这些调整。所以,董事会再一次对这个细节表示意见,并且得到了他们想要的。马斯克最终同意了董事会提出的并购调整。所以他是在控制这次交易吗?还是说他对此交易没有控制权?
After speaking to the D.Pock proposed a threshold that would exclude acquisition based market cap growth amounting a lesser of 5% market cap must counter again against himself with a threshold of lower than 2%. I don't think we'll be making big acquisitions. There's no chance I will game the economics here. So I'm fine with limits that prevent that. He's agreeing to limits they propose and then saying no, make it tighter on me.
I've discussed in the issue, all agreed the following exclusion triggers. Hold period. In duration, the whole period was an open issue. Aaron Price described as a negotiated term. Similarly, testified the board pushed for this term, which was his biggest concern, which means he would either need to run the company for another five years after the stock passed or even need to find someone who would run the company well enough. To not cause the valuation to subsequently decline, significant lock and happen in five years. So it looks like the board insisted on a five year hold and it went in, even though Elon didn't want it. Again, is Elon controlling this or not?
On December 22, Berg provided a valuation letter based on the December 13 term sheet. Berg used Monte Carlo simulations to estimate the probability of hitting the market cap milestones, which generally accepted statistical technique.
Berg's market cap call describes 100 billion would occur 45% of the time. After which the likelihood of achieving substantive milestones rapidly declined to below 10% from milestone six onward. Monte Carlo evaluation did not account for the probability of hitting operation of milestones in order to incorporate Tesla's internal projections.
Based on these estimates, he reached an initial grant date fair value for the 2018 grant of 2.6 billion. Then applied a 10.52% illiquidity discount based on the five year hold period arriving in a final value of 2.4 billion dollars. They continue to refine his valuation the following weeks by tweaking assumptions, including the holding period and dilution rate. Slightly higher final valuation of 2.6 billion. Still higher final valuation of 2.6 billion resulting from intervening increases the total number shares a higher stock price and slight changes to other assumptions.
Board approves the grant. Musk and Kim will refuse themselves. Requuse themselves. Jervison was on leave. The other six directors. Aaron Price, Danholm, Gracias, Bus, Murdoch and Johnson Rice unanimously approved the grant. Final form divided into 12. Testing tranches. We already know the details. Hey.
Each completed chance earns Musk's options to purchase 1% of Tesla's common stock outstanding. Before a five for one stock split in 2020. Blah, blah, blah. Strike price of these options was $350. The closing price of Tesla's common stock is of January 19, 2019. Adjusting for two stock splits. The strike price was $23 as of today's share value. Also included clawback provision leadership requirement, M&A adjustment of five year hold period. Grant expired after 10 years. Stockholders approved the grant.
Board approval is not the finish line because the board condition that 2018 grant on approval. So I think this is what we're going to get into a big issue. The proxy statement. Announced the 2018 grant to the public filed a preliminary proxy statement. filed this standard of proxy statement on February 8, which notified stockholders of a vote to approve the 2018 grant.
Included statements in issue in this litigation to describe all compensation committee members as independent directors. Despite Gracias's close relationship with Musk. Okay.
尽管格拉西亚斯与马斯克有密切的关系,但该诉讼中的陈述将所有薪酬委员会成员描述为独立董事。好的。
So the claim is that the compensation committee members were not all independent because Gracias was close with Musk. But if you look at what happened here. You know, if there's an important detail. If you go through the description, the judges description of everything that happened along the way. Gracias did not play a significant role in designing the compensation package. It was Marin. It was Aaron prize. And it was. A who D. Pop. That designed the compensation package rather than. Gracias. Gracias is on the on the on the committee, but that's it.
Did not disclose the April 9 conversation between Musk and Aaron prize during which Musk established the key turns of the 2018 grant.
没有透露穆斯克和亚伦普莱斯之间于4月9日的对话,穆斯克在其中确定了2018年授予的关键转折点。
Discussion of the conversation appeared in at least four earlier drafts of the proxy. Each of the requirements underlying the performance milestones was selected to be very difficult to achieve in the board based this new award on stretch goals. Grants milestones were ambitious. When setting the milestones, the board carefully considered a variety of factors, resets of projections.
Let's go. Let's get through. Under the July 2017 projections test, what achieved three of the revenue milestones and all of the adjusted a bit to milestones in 2020. The proxy did not disclose this. So what. That that that that projections that's what Tesla's trying to achieve. We're trying to achieve the goals that we're trying to achieve so that Elon can get the compensation.
Obviously, they're trying to achieve all these goals. And I guarantee you in July 2017. Gordon Johnson was saying they're not going to achieve any of these and lots of Wall Street is we're going to say they're not going to cheap and there's like you said, 20% short sellers. The stock was 20% short and lots of people said they weren't going to achieve these goals. A huge and developed and must have proven to operating plan and projections in December.
The longer three year projections underline that plan reflected by 2019 and 2020 test that would achieve seven and 11 operation milestones respectively. The proxy did not disclose this. Why would the proxy disclose underlying business plans? After Tesla issued the proxy, but before the stockholder vote presented the board with a three year operating plan. Which Tesla later shared with Moody's. March a 2018 projections were more pessimistic than previous projections, but still predicted achievement of one revenue and two milestones.
Those both recommended voting against the 2018 grant last Lewis Express concern with a size and potential delivered vector of the grant noting that any relative comparison the grant size would begin to stacking Nichols against dollars. The lower tiers, the goals are relatively much more attainable given the time periods and questions potentially along for sizable payments without commensurate in the exceptional achievement.
You had to double the market cap. ISS described the grant value of staggering included that even the challenging and far reaching performance goals do not justify the extraordinary grant grant magnitude.
So, okay, there's clear voices opposing this package. Both recommendations expressed concern with Musk's non-Tesla interests. Stockholders criticized the grant noting that Musk's Tesla equity provided sufficient motivation. Who's the stockholders criticized? These are just statements in the record. Linear milestones were inappropriate for an exponential company like Tesla.
Five days before the stockholder vote, Musk married and formed the board that the outcome of the stockholder vote was not yet clear. Although initial vote tellers in favor of many big stockholders had not yet voted and their intentions remained unclear. Grant would likely receive approval with a two large Tesla stockholders voting against the ground and the grounds that his size was excessive.
Musk asked Marin to tell one of the large stockholders is very offended by their action. They choose to vote that way by all means do so. Ask Marin to set up a call with one of the stockholders following the vote during which Musk would convince them to invest from Tesla and any of his companies ever. They are not welcome.
It appears that a non-Musical play at Tesla called that stockholder after the vote. Stockholders approved the grant at a special stockholder meeting with 73% of those cast at the meeting excluding Musk and Kimball's ownership. Because Musk owns 22% and Kimball owns a big chunk.
Events relevant to evaluating the fairness of the grant occurred after stockholders approved the grant. Namely, Tesla described that several grant milestones were greater than 70% probability of achievement. Nearly all the trenches vested Musk got in trouble with the SEC and named himself Technically and blah blah blah blah. Why does this? Okay, it's unclear why the judge mentions this.
Tesla discloses that several of the grants milestones are probable of achievement. For accounting purposes on March 27, Berg provided a final fair value letter arriving at grant date or fair value of 2.3 billion.
How to determine when Tesla was likely to perform its milestones which Tesla needed disclosed to stockholders in its March 31, 2018. Tesla determined that three operational milestones were considered probable achievement which meant they were greater than 70% probability of achievement within approximately one year of the grant date.
Oh, wait, wait, what's this here? Tesla's methodology was to determine probability was a set of internal one-year forecast developed one year and three year internal projections on a regular basis. They were not the product of bottom-up forecasting. They were used to drive and motivate rather than plan and Tesla frequently missed its projections. They reflected what Tesla would need to do to reach aggressive goals set by Musk.
Tesla based the March disclosures on the March 2018 projections, described their projections as extremely aggressive and challenging based on stretch goals and very large risks. Yet Tesla disclosed that the following performance milestones were considered probable of achievement.
Total revenue, 20 billion, a bit to 1.5 billion, or adjusted a bit to 3 billion. March 31, 10, Q and through the usual disclaimer, probability of needing this disclosure meant that the three operational milestones are 70% probability of achievement.
We should assume that the second to best, okay. I'm just reading through this argument about whether the this is about whether the operational milestones were likely to be achieved. And this is something that you see in the 10Q when they were doing the transfers. Are these likely to be achieved? Grant began investing in 2020 as Tesla's business took off, although Tesla's business performance between 2018 and 2020 fell short of the March 2018 projections. Slightly succeeded. It's projected adjusted a bit for 2018 for tranches vested by the end of 2020 and three more vested the following year as of April 29, 2020, 2011 of the grants 12 tranches had vested as of June 30, 2022, all had all market cap milestones have been achieved.
All the bit to milestones have been achieved and three revenue milestones have been achieved with one more deemed problem achievement settlement over the fraud charges over. I think that's the funding secured tweet added new independent directors. Elon stepped down as board chair down home replaced him.
I'm not sure why any of this matters. No, this is all there's all this stuff about the SEC settlement about the Techno King change from CEO to Techno King. Then came Twitter. What does any of this have to do with Tesla achieving its goals?
To run out of file this complaint in June 5, 2018. So turn out a file this complaint before all this stuff happened for net of the plaintiff. This is a guy who owns like eight shares of Tesla. This is this is what's called procedural. I think this is called the this litigation. This would be called the procedural history. This is how everything got where we got to. I think we can skip over most of this. I'm just skipping over the procedural stuff so we can get to the.
I think we legal analysis claims that awarding the grant constituted a breach of fiduciary duty and fire fander standard governance for two independent reasons because the grant was a conflict or conflicted controller transaction and separately because the grant was approved by a majority conflicted board.
Okay, so here we get into analysis. Where are we? Are we on page 74? Okay. No, damn it. I don't know why previews messing with me here. I don't know what just happened. How do we lose the. Where are we? Oh, my God. Okay, legal analysis. We're on page 103 out of 201. For parts of the analysis addresses the gating issue of the standard review includes the entire fan or supplies because must exercise control over the grant. Okay, so already I don't agree with this. We have quite a bit of evidence that Deepakahouja Maron. And Aaron Price. Did things and the board did things that Elon didn't direct and that Elon was actually sort of largely hands off of this process. I don't see a lot of evidence that must was hands on controlling this process. Elon's busy with Tesla. He's busy with his other companies. There's some general hints of this is what I want and then the board puts it together.
Next addresses defense argument. The stockholder vote shifted the burden on the entire fairness standard. Concluded defendants retain the burden because the stockholder vote was not fully informed. Now, I don't know the Delaware law. Were the stockholders to that be fully informed or they have to be sufficiently informed and that be perfectly informed. Does the proxy have to be perfect or is it have to be reasonably close? I don't know the standard. I don't I don't claim to know the standard.
Then if I was the grant under the entire fan and standard including the defendants failed to prove the grant was entirely fair. Last turns the remedy. And I don't understand how the remedy is Elon gets nothing. I don't understand that. Like how does Elon get nothing?
So we got a hundred pages to go. Let me see where we are here. Are people still watching? I don't even know. Are people still watching? How do I know how many people are watching? 98 viewers. Okay. 98 people watching. We'll keep going.
The entire fairness standard applies. Wait, wait, wait, sorry. The entire fairness standard applies because Musk is a controller. When determining whether corporate fiduciaries have reached their duties. Okay. Conflicted controller transaction. The entire fairness applies because half the directors approve the grant lacked independence from Musk. Musk plaintiff wins on the first argument. Musk is a controller because he wins on the first argument. And Yoshi's fiduciary duties on those are controller corporation. The defendant holds a mathematical majority of the corporation's voting power. He doesn't do that. Musk only controls 22% so he lacked mathematical voting control.
Only one method of establishing controller status can establish controller status by demonstrating the defendant exercises control over the business affairs of the corporation. This purpose of plaintiff need not argue the defendant exercise general control of the business affairs of the corporation. Showing of general control is sufficient to establish fiduciary status. A plaintiff can establish fiduciary status by demonstrating defendant control the particular transaction issue referring to refer to his transaction specific control. Let's show that a defendant or group of defendants exercise sufficient influence that they as a practical matter know differently situation than majority voting control. Ownership of a sufficient equity significant equity stake right to designate directors decisional rules and governing documents. Ability exercise outsized influence in the boardroom such as.
A plaintiff must show that the stockholder exercised actual control over the board of directors during the course of a particular transaction. I don't know. I read the description and it sounds like the board made a lot of decisions on their own, came back to Elon, said this is what we want to do and Elon said okay but give me less. Both general control and transaction specific control call for holistic evaluation of sources of influence. Plaintiff advances theories of both general transaction specific control. Whether must help trans as specific controller spec of the grant.
Planets argument that must control test the mic concert and contra sense of déjà vu. This is because Delaware courts are confronted this precise issue before in a prior lawsuit. Although the Solar City case resulted in three opinions, none of them included a finding concerning must as status as a controller. Question of whether must controls test lines less proven evasive is as good a time as any to run it to ground so once more into the breach dear friends once more this is the judge. I'm going to say making yourself more important than you are although you turns out you're very important but you're basically saying. Once more into the breach you're making yourself a is that a Shakespeare in character I think that Shakespeare yeah Shakespeare Henry the fifth. So the judge the judge is apparently Henry the fifth.
这段话的意思大致是,行星的论点是必须控制对麦克风音浪和反对 déjà vu(即前几次已经出现过的情况)进行测试。这是因为特拉华州的法院之前在一起诉讼中曾遇到过这个具体问题。尽管太阳城案件产生了三个意见,但其中没有一个涉及对must作为控制者身份的发现。关于must是否控制测试线路的问题,到底是不是令人迷惑的证据,这是一个恰当的时机来彻底调查,所以请再次冲破难关,亲爱的朋友们,这是法官说的。我要说的是,你们自己把自己看得比实际重要,尽管后来证明你们确实很重要,但你们基本上是在说。再次冲破难关,你们是在把自己变成莎士比亚的角色吗?我想是莎士比亚,亨利五世。所以法官显然是亨利五世。
The analysis begins by discussing musk stock ownership significant. We'll did the maximum influence a manager can have over the company is tied to three of the eight directors Campbell grasses and Murdoch re under those directors beholden to him but Campbell didn't vote. With must they provide has the board given turbets and departure rest of the judiciary's active beholden to musk in the process leading to the grant. The rest of the fiduciaries active beholden to musk in the process leading to the grant. I saw no evidence of this in anything that I read that the rest of the fiduciaries active beholden to must this is a conclusion with zero evidence from anything in the in the opinion so far in the decision so far allowing must to dictate the time in the case of the judge.
Under Salazar head of the congress Maya has a considerable pull in somewhere wha ok And I would say the evidence is that he did not control this transaction. He said what he wanted, and he didn't get what he wanted. All all SQL, a relatively larger block size should make an inference of actual control more likely. 40% of block holder has the same effective power in most circumstances of holder mathematical majority. Musk wields significant influence over Tesla by bridge with stock holdings. Yes. The holder of a 21.9% block favors a particular outcome. And the holder will win as long as a holder of approximately one in three shares vote the same way. But he didn't vote. By contrast, an opponent must garner approximately 71 for the un-presented, the unaffiliated shares. But he didn't vote. He and Kimball didn't vote. They didn't vote their shares.
A person whose owner of 20% or more of outstanding voting stock of any corporation shall be presumed to have control of such entity in the absence of proof. I think we can agree that Elon controls Tesla. The point is he didn't control the transaction.
The significant block operating junction with super majority voting requirement for any amendment Tesla's bylaws. Okay, again, we're talking about whether we know he controls the company. Questions whether he controlled the transaction. And you know, his 22% block gives him a sizable leg up for stockholders, but he didn't vote. He and Kimball didn't vote.
This case involved a failed bylaw amendment, but that's not the situation. So must stockholders but considering the other additional control, boardroom and managerial supremacy. Individual might hold high status roles or an individual might have other key executive or managerial roles. An individual can wield influence if he can interfere with or a kibosh management decisions. An individual will have substantial influence if he can replace management. Must wield considerable power in the boardroom by virtue of his high status roles and managerial supremacy. Indeed describing musts role at Tesla's high status would be a dramatic understatement. At relevant times occupy the most powerful trifective roles, managerial authority.
Look, I think we all agree that Elon controls Tesla. But that doesn't say he controlled the transaction. This is like the judge is spending an inordinate amount of time establishing that Elon controls Tesla, which we agree. That doesn't mean that Elon controlled the transaction, which is the question to issue. Yes, he has huge influences member of management in the boardroom. Superstar CEO, yes, yes, he is all that. Superstar him is relevant to controller status because the belief in CEO singular importance shifts the balance of power between management and the boardroom and the stockholders. When directors believe that you CEO is uniquely critical to the corporation's mission, even independent actors are likely to be on duly deferential.
Yeah, when he's when he's severely important to the company, when he's uniquely critical to the company, then you got to compensate him for that. Right? They believe that letting the CEO go would be harmful to the company and that alienating the CEO might have a similar effect. Well, yeah. Creates a distortion field. Uh huh. All this is true. But again, we're we're we're he's a superstar. See, all this is true and obvious. And in this case, the fiduciaries were not staunchly independent quite the opposite as discussed next.
That's so director like the independence of he or she is so beholden to an interested director that his or a distraction to stress and be sterilized nine directors served on the board of relevant times. Jervitsen can be excluded given his early departure. Musk was one for his brother or another. That's one fourth of the relevant directors. Elon and his brother are not relevant directors because they didn't vote in the transaction. The other six had varying degrees of ties of Musk for compensation committee members. Aaron Price bust down home in Gracias and then turns to Murdoch and Johnson Rice. Gracias had most extensive business and personal dealings in Musk and Kimball. Interest worth over $1 billion in Musk and controlled entities, which is pretty much fucking Tesla. He has just as much of a relationship with Tesla as he had with Elon. Yeah, I mean, I agree that Gracias is arguably not an independent director, but you know, saying it's because he has a billion dollars of investments in Musk companies when it's pretty much all Tesla's kind of silly. Gracias is business ties to Musk standing alone supporting the company. And that's why he's a big fan of his business. Gracias is business ties to Musk standing alone supporting finding that Gracias lacked independence from Musk.
Okay, so all right. So Gracias is lacks independence. Aaron Price also had extensive business and personal relations with the Musk. Interest worth at least $75 billion in Musk controlled companies other than Tesla and invested in Kimball's business ventures.
Long standing personal and professional relations with Musk and Kimball that Aaron Price has been. See, he's leaving out Aaron Price's history as like one of the kings of Central Capital in Silicon Valley. Like what about Aaron Price's other connections? Yeah, he's deeply connected with Musk, but he's deeply connected with a lot of people in Silicon Valley. I forget what Aaron Price's background is. He's sort of like the God of venture capital in Silicon Valley or one of the leading voices for his venture capital in Silicon Valley. He's got significant connections to a lot of people. Are his connections to Elon outside compared to his connections to other people in Silicon Valley? Not addressed. That's basically saying that nobody in Silicon Valley can be independent if you go with Aaron Price.
See, I'm going to disagree with this point. I think Aaron Price is independent and the judge is taking an odd snapshot of Aaron Price only looking into Aaron Price's involvement with Elon's companies and not looking at it in the scale of everything else Aaron Price does. My general sense is that Aaron Price... I got to look this up. I don't want to pull this out of my ass. I'm going to talk about the business. Let's just see.
Founder and managing partner of DBL partners, a leading impact investing venture capital firm recognized leader in the venture capital industry having served on the board executive committee and annual meeting chairman of the natural venture capital association currently serves as the president of the Western Association of venture capitalists as chairman of the VC network, the largest and most active platform venture capital organization awarded the 2018 NACD directorship 100 for being one of the most influential leaders in the boardroom and corporate governance community named one of the top 50 most influential men under 45 in 2007 and 2014 inducted into the international green industry Hall of Fame. Served for several years as chairman of Silicon Valley technology innovation entrepreneurship forum, founder and chairman of the one of the most prominent.
I don't see any of this in the judges decision. You can look at ir tesla.com corporate Ira Aaron prize. Several industry boards chairman of Silicon Valley technology innovation entrepreneurship for some. Sir for many years in the environment. We're finally work for women entrepreneurs like Ira Aaron prize is is a big time figure in the VC industry and to say he's too close to Elon based solely on his really on his really on his it basically what do we have? I mean look at this extensive business and personal relationships with the most interest worth at least $75 million in Musk controlled companies other than Tesla. So he invested in SpaceX and invested in Campbell's business ventures. What else is he invested in? How many other investments does this guy have? This guy's a VC. He's probably got hundreds of investments, maybe even a thousand investments in other companies. What percentage of his net worth is tied into this. And you know look he owns a lot of Tesla stocks. So it's a big chunk of his net worth but outside of Tesla what are his investments add up to compared to everything else. And where's the description of the personal relationship? He went to Kimball's wedding. Is that all you got? And their friends. I don't see a lot here.
The same is true of dental and bust. They're most significant potentially compromising comprising factors the compensation he's received as a Tesla director for dent. This is Tesla. That's their connection to Tesla not their connection to Elon. Outsize direct but plaintiff does not argue that must establish Boston Dennholm's compensation. So as the random beholden. He's claiming that Robin Dennholm and busts are not independent directors. Okay. That's that's shocking to me. They're independent of Elon. They may be they may be deeply connected to Tesla when the company grows as much as it does in you get options. Obviously becomes a large share of your net worth.
Murak lacked independence due to personal connection with Musk a long time friend of Musk before he joined the board. They repeatedly vacationed together with respect to families. And they were very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very very becoming Delaware courts consider not only the director's relationship, but also how they acted with respect to that party. Directors with strong tries to control or may doesn't demonstrate their independence. Directors without strong individual ties to a controller may fall victim to a controlled mindset.
A question of whether the large block roller has control may be relevant. It's disinjured stockholders. Whether the merger was approved by uncoarst independent director seeking solid advance the interest of the corporation and its disinterested stockholders rather than by supine servants of an overweening master. There's no greater evidence of must status as a transaction-specific controller than the board's postured toward must during the process that led to the grant. Put simply need that the compensation committee nor the board acted in the best interest of the company when negotiating must compensation plan. In fact, there's barely any evidence of negotiations at all rather than negotiate against must with the mindset of a third party.
The compensation committee worked alongside him almost as an advisory body. Multiple aspects of the process reveal must control. What were they supposed to do? Were they supposed to like say, hey, Elon, we got to be adversarial. We're going to look at bringing in another CEO. They said it was a collaborative process. It wasn't an adversarial process. That doesn't mean he controlled it. Must control the timing. I went through this before he did not control the time. He did delay it. He delayed it at one point. And then there was another delay that was not obviously his delay because they needed to talk to large shareholders. You know, the fact that he delayed the process, I don't see why that's a big deal. He didn't rush him. He gave him time.
Must unilaterally set the time time or made last-minute proposals of the board prior to six out of the 10 border compensation committee meetings. They continue in the game. I mean, I agree that he delayed the timing. I don't agree that he controlled the timing. There was no negotiation over the size of the grant. The most striking the mission from this process, the absence of any evidence of adversarial negotiations between the board and must concerning the size of the grant. Hey, we agree. It wasn't adversarial. They openly said it wasn't adversarial. But they did reduce the package. He lowered his ask. He was not a compensation committee consider it a variety of award sizes.
Presentation value of a 15% award only because anybody can figure out that that 7.5% is half the value of 15%. Come on. And 10% is two thirds of 15%. You need a valuation for that? Fuck's sake. When Marin received Musk's new offer, compared to the Muslim Regional proposal, not any alternatives. Musk's 15 transverse locked in as the operating assumption. You know, it changed from 15 to 12 to 10 and there's no evidence that Elon pushed any of those changes. Or to 15 to 10 to 12 or whatever. Aaron Price avoided saying that he or anyone else negotiate with a Musk about the market cap increase again merely describing the changes that took place.
I don't understand like. Do they have to go to Elon and say, hey, we're raising the market cap 100 billion and he wants us. I don't like this as well. That's what they're doing. And he wants us. Okay. Does that make it a negotiation? It's not adversarial. That doesn't mean it's not a negotiation. It doesn't have to be negotiation. This is what we think is the appropriate compensation. There's no meaningful negotiation over the other terms of the grant. Yeah, they impose the other terms of the grant. And Elon said, okay.
There was no effort to keep Musk engaged despite a significant time commitments. Tell it where I recognize that asking the controlling stockholder consider alternative options can change the negotiating dynamic. Whether Musk should commit a level of time to test that was a planned topic discussion. None of the participants raised the issue. Musk, the issue was not raised in this compensation structure because the idea was silly. Or did not ask for such a requirement as that would have been like saying goodbye to Elon. Okay. If any claim must go to rejected such restrictions, but the court will never know because the committee and its adverse advisors never had the gumption to even give it the weakest of tries. He said, I'm not doing it.
No benchmarking analysis compared to proposed compensation plan plans of comparable. There are no, there's nothing comparable. We agree. We know there's nothing comparable. So there was no benchmarking of the plan.
Defendants, profit reasons for not performing a traditional benchmarking study. Offered reasons, but each rank hollow. Argued the board considered a lot of data that all fit with the overall bucket of benchmarking throughout the process. Information about other CEOs. One of the slides list the largest CEO pay packages in 2016. But no one contends that this constituted benchmarking analysis.
Brown also testified it would have been difficult to find comparable companies for a benchmarking study. It could have developed a peer group using some judgment. More telling the brown took the position to benchmark was unnecessary because the award would be too large for useful comparison. He had a good idea of what would happen if they performed a traditional benchmarking study that it wasn't going to be useful information to be in the committee. Because the grant was so divorced from the market for comparable executives.
Right. Traditional benchmarking is inept if the company's executives and plans are not comparable. That's a hard sell. Must job was the same as ever. The other public company CEO improved earnings and create value. Yeah, not 12x. How many companies CEOs are tasked with 10xing the company and receiving no money if it doesn't happen?
Benchmarking would have informed the decision makers of the magnitude of the difference between the grant and market comparable. They told value. The value was $2.6 billion or $2.3 billion. In the end, the defense witnesses said it all to the lead on the grant for the compensation.
The primary goal of the team is to describe the process. None of the processes in our complaints and negotiations. Each form is a form of collaboration with Musk. Basically, what the judge is saying is that board members have to be hostile to the CEO in negotiating his compensation package.
How do you have these? How do you have adversarial negotiations when you don't have an alternative CEO? How are you supposed to have adversarial negotiations? How is that supposed to work? The judge is saying, right here, they did not exalt, it was a cooperative and collaborative process. Running a company in a cooperative and collaborative way rather than an adversarial way is apparently against Delaware law.
The defendants bore the burden, which I disagree with. The defendants bore the burden of proving the grant was entirely fair because Musk's exercise transastic or civic control. I don't agree with that finding. Entire fairness is a standard of review. So this is the important conclusion. They have to prove that the stockholder vote was fully informed. The price of all material information, omitted of fact is material, only when there's a substantial, an omitted fact is material, only when there's a substantial likelihood that a reasonable shareholder would consider it important deciding how to vote.
For its must balance, the benefits of additional disclosure against the risk that insufficient and significant information made to loot potentially valuable information. Landists advanced many arguments for why the stockholder vote was not fully informed. Two or clear winners, the arrest was established. The proxy failed to disclose the compensation to fail to disclose the compensation committee members potential conflicts and omitted material information concerning the process.
The defendants sought to prove otherwise and they generally contend this. Look, look, we all know we all knew that Campbell was his brother. We all knew that Grazius was a board member of SpaceX and close to Elon. We didn't need a proxy to tell us that. I don't know. I'm like, if I follow the company, is it that the proxy has to tell us stuff we already know? Are there shareholders who didn't know that Campbell was Elon's brother? Failed to disclose any of the compensation committee members actual or potential conflicts with respect to must. Frequently describes them as independent. So, you know, is there a fair point that Grazius isn't independent? I think so. I think there's a fair point that Grazius is not an independent director. Is that material is an important? I don't think so. I don't think the other directors are not independent.
And I don't understand the determination that like Robin Denholm and Aaron Price, you know, the way the facts are done about Aaron Price leaving out everything else he does and just focusing on what he's done with Tesla and SpaceX and a couple other companies maybe. And Campbell misses a lot.
Proxy just flows the test the director compensation policy, which is one potential source of conflict. Discuss some potential source of conflict such as buses. Ten year at solar city and Aaron Price and Grazius. And so it is. It does disclose their investments in SpaceX. But it doesn't disclose Grazius and Aaron Price's personal and other business relationships with what wait a minute. What what other. What other business relations. I mean, yes, Grazius and Aaron, like what did Aaron, Aaron Price's his friend. You work this closely together on a whole bunch of things. You're going to be friends. I don't.
Also sought to prove that disclosure, the potential conflicts was unnecessary because it wrongly obliged him to characterize the conduct the way to admit wrongdoing. Proxy could have discussed the relevant relationships while stating the board did not view them as a serious impediments independence thereby allowing stockholders to make their own assessment. What defendants were not free to do was take the position of stockholders had no right to know this important information. Okay.
The process disclosures. The proxy does not disclose the level of control that must exercise over the process is okay. So I again, I don't agree here that must exercise that much control over the process. The fact that he made the initial offer. The fact that he changed like I don't I don't see that that is significant.
Park is parties focus on one specific omission does not disclose the April 9 conversation between Muskin Aaron, prize. With the 2012 performance award nearing completion, the board engaged in more than six months of active and ongoing discussions regarding a new compensation program. Ultimately, including this decision to grant the CEO performance board. These discussions first took place among members of the compensation committee, all of them independent, including this new, new independent directors, Linda Johnson, Rice and James Murdoch.
Even accepting defendants board line reading the April 9 conversation between Musk and Aaron, prize was material and should have been disclosed. I that's that seems like total crap to me like I don't understand what any of this difference makes the key terms argument. No, is there is there some legal authority for the process matters this much.
I mean, I create a false narrative for how the process. Disclosure need not give a play by play when fiduciaries choose to provide the history of the transaction. They have an obligation to provide with an accurate full and fair characterization of those historic events. So by saying we spent six months negotiating this, you had to tell them everything. I don't know enough about that one legally to say whether he's wrong, whether she's wrong or not.
Because the most important details of the grant were disclosed, implicitly defendant argue the stockholders want you to do the economics and transaction and cast an informed vote. One. Because dependence failed to show that the stockholder vote was fully informed, they bore the prudent and improved entire fairness.
Entire fairness review. Concept of fairness has two basic aspects, fair dealing and fair price when the transaction was timed, economic and financial considerations. Fennance failed to prove that the grant was product of fair dealing or at a failed price.
Timing of the first discussion was dictated by Aaron Price not Musk. Aaron Price credibly testified he ignited this discussion because tests that reached nearly all the milestones of the pre-recired compensation plan. No evidence that Musk was secretly behind the start of negotiations nor is there any evidence that Musk set the table for the negotiations by acting and impaled to do plus it as manner.
Although Musk did not manipulate the initial time in the process he repeatedly and unilaterally manipulated the timeline of the process. Musk's team seems to see it's interesting he's describing basically Marin and Aaron Price as Musk's team when that's a conclusion that seems inaccurate because they're creating details and telling Elon this is what we're going to do and Elon saying okay rather than Elon telling them what to do.
Musk's red light green red approach negatively affected the process. Musk's habit of shaking up the timeline or changing his proposal just before a meeting made it tough for the directors and advisors to immediately evaluate the grant respond. This is how Musk manages everything so I don't know but I don't think he's managing this I don't think it's fair to say he's managing this process.
How the transaction was negotiated and structured. Although defendants cast the negotiations as the strongest aspect of the process they're actually most dramatic failures form over substance defendants tell his time spent a merely superficial indicia compensation committee was compromised conflict they could negotiate an arms length against Musk. No evidence of any adversary on negotiation again like they said it wasn't adversarial it wasn't adversarial it wasn't adversarial so okay. Defendants are correct.
Okay defendants are correct that all else equal requiring more growth in market cap for the same number of shares means a better deal for stockholders. There's no credible evidence that the ship from 10 tranches to 12 and the associate increase in the difficult of the market cap targets resulted from many actual negotiations. And thus why would that matter? What does negotiation have to be hey Elon we're doing this okay. Is that not negotiation? The board backed into 12 tranches when translating Musk's demand of 10% Compet where they supposed to negotiate a more rigorous clawback provision and why would that have mattered? And if you're not an advisor's cannot help the analysis because they've like no role in negotiations that we're no negotiations we all agree with that. If tenants agree that benchmarking is standard and essential. You can't have see this thing saying they should have had arms length bar you can have arms length bargaining when you can't lose the CEO. I don't understand like how do you have arms length bargaining like what's the arms length bargaining? Elon if you don't agree to this we're going to find another CEO like why? This is nonsense.
Whether a transaction was structured to require approval of an independent board negotiating committee or majority of the minority vote is another important initiative of fairness. Musk and Kimball recused themselves five of the six directors were beholden to Musk or had compromising conflicts. Fair price and fair value standards call for equivalent economic inquiries. The courts task is to determine this is probably one of the biggest issues here. Whether the transaction price falls within a range of fairness. No absolute limit on a magnitude of a compensation grant but process can infect price or pricing terms cannot be justified blah blah blah.
Defendants primarily urge the court to evaluate the price by comparing the terms of the exchange what Tesla gave against what Tesla got. Arguing the grant was all upside for the Tesla stockholders to say they risk nothing and gave 6% for $600 billion. There are many ways to analyze price fairness is a good reason to reject the gift get model or no market based evidence support the price. Grant was only upside for the additional reason the grant structure aligned Musk's interest with shareholders. Grant muscles were ambitious and difficult to achieve.
Each of defendants arguments failed did not prove that the grant falls within range of fairness. Oh my god that's a lot of footnote. I'm sorry I'm trying to get through this to find equity based compensation plans considered to be continues to be a powerful way to reduce agency costs and align the interests of management with those of shareholders. Agency costs are where the the it's called the principal agent model the agent is working for the shareholders of the principal and the executive is the agent. And if the agent isn't aligned with the shareholders and the agent might do things in his own interest that don't benefit the shareholders. So having equity based compensation aligns interests. But where an executive has a sizable pre existing equity stake there's a good argument that the executives interest are already aligned with those of the stockholders.
Okay. There are many examples of visionaries with large pre-existing equity holdings for going compensation entirely Zuckerberg Bezos Gates and others so familiar in the world that no first name is required but none of those executives had other companies that would take their time away.
None of those companies had other companies that would take their time with Zuckerberg doesn't have another company to go to Bezos I guess could go to blue at Blue Origin and basically Bezos left Gates didn't have another company to go to. In each instance they recognize that the executives pre-existing ownership stake provided its executive say efficient executive incentives but Elon has other companies he could go to not considered here.
Why did Tesla have to give anything in these circumstances he owned 22% so no mention here no mention here that Elon has other options. There's no mention here that Elon could go work for SpaceX full time and decide you know what I'm going to take a lesser role at Tesla and what effect would that have had on the stock. The principal defect with defense give-get argument is it does not address the $55.8 billion question.
See see here the judge is using the final value rather than the fair value at the date of Grant. Given Musk's pre-existing equity stake was the grant within the range of reasonable approaches to achieve the board's purported goals or at a minimum could the board have accomplished its goals at less and would must have taken it.
Musk stood again considering for achieving the market. Again the judge is focused on the $55 billion instead of the $2.6 billion this is really striking. This is the judge focusing on the end. I don't see any mention of the valuation of the plan at the beginning. That's the question that should be addressed here.
Why step milestones of the time grant that were 70% okay that's not. Defendants also argue that Musk would need an additional status to stay on at Tesla or he spent more time at SpaceX where he could fulfill his collective ambitions. That begs another question if encouraging Musk to prioritize Tesla or his other ventures were important why not place guard rails on how much time or energy Musk had to put into Tesla.
Even assuming the truth of all defendants points they do not add up there's simply no evidence that the added incentive provided by a grant of this magnitude was necessary much less fair. No mention in this part of the decision of the market value at the time of the grant. The judge is treating this as a $55 billion award instead of what it was a $2.3 billion or $2.5 billion award.
Sharing market cap with operational milestones provided safety in the structure. Just reading through defendants arguments. Defendants argue the grant price was fair because its milestones were ambitious and difficult to achieve. The judge is focused on the early parts of the trench. The early tranches which were within reach by the time the plan was approved.
This failed to prove their factual predicates that all the milestones were ambitious and difficult to achieve. You're saying it's a $55 billion award and then you're talking about the billions or so at the beginning. You had a valuation of $2.6 billion in value. Why are you ignoring that value? This offered no theoretical justification for carrying the grant to venture capital. They're comparing it to private equity and the judge is not having it.
It's most conservative comparison the plan of sex could conceivably devise. The grant date fair value was 11.7x larger than the median peer group. Indeed, the grant entitled must have billions even if Tesla significantly unperformed its historical results. Disunder stock order approval is compelling evidence the price was fair.
Stockholder vote is one component of fair value of fair price analysis. Stockholder vote is only comparing on the evidence of fairness absent a disclosure violation. Uninformed stockholder vote is totally meaningless. The stockholder vote is a meaningless indicator as the fair price. Significant public information available concerning that issue, trade in an efficient market. Because the stockholder vote was not fully informed it does not support a fair price.
We knew what the tranches were. We knew the amounts. We knew what the—I mean, that's bullshit. Fennance finally argued from hindsight to claim the grant was fair because it worked. Tesla thrived because of the 2018 plan, asked the court to infer a direct-cross relationship, failed to prove that most less than full-time efforts were Tesla were solely or directly sponsored for Tesla's recent growth.
And then we get to rescission. This is the big question. Lead argument is must rescind the grant or it has discretion to order rescissions or remedy for you. It's an overly rigid rule. Second argument prevails. Let's find the argument that the judge ruled in favor.
Recision is warranted. Not given for every serious mistake, the court has broad discretion to award rescission where the facts and circumstances warrant this court as a word rescission as a remedy for breach of fiduciary duty. This is entitled to equitable rescission. A plaintiff must demonstrate that rescission is both reasonable and prospering in the circumstances. The grant is not too complex to unscramble. Recision is uniquely available. No third-party interests are implicated. The entire grant sits on exercise undisturbed and exercised. Shares will be subject to the five-year-old period.
Defendants argue that rescission is a harsh consequence that would lead must uncompensated but must pre-existing equity stake. What the hell happened? The last one. The last one. Pre-existing equity stake provided tens of billions of dollars for his efforts and defendants have not offered a viable alternative short of leaving the grant intact. Here's a critical detail. Did the defendant say, hey, listen, if you're going to overturn this pay package, here's an alternative that would make sense.
Valiant, directors of Valiant Pharmaceuticals International breach their fiduciary duties by awarding themselves and other executives and employees large cash bonuses in connection with a later aborted corporate restructuring of an on-defendant settle before trial. This is something where they defrauded shareholders. As in Valiant, the defendant held herald of the grant as fair but failed to meet their burden. They all failed to identify any logical, defensible. I don't know what this Valiant case is but it sounds like a situation where they defrauded shareholders and the directors awarded themselves lots of money. Not that they awarded the CEO lots of money. Nothing in the record to allow the court to fashion a remedy that would order rescission only to the extent the grant was unfair.
Once a breach of duty is established, uncertainties of warning damage are generally resolved against the wrongdoer. Here are the wrongdoers against the defendants. The court resolves a certain certainty against them. For the foregoing reasons, judgement is entered and played in favor. Parties are to confer on form of final order.
Now here's the question. That's the decision. I'm going to close this. Let's go to where are we? Let me look. It's a she. Let me just see if we have any. I don't know where the chat is. We have three replies. I don't see a chat. I don't see replies. Do I have any DMs? Yeah, the judge's female. Okay. Just ignore the chat. Okay. I think that's it. I don't think I have anything more to add at this point. I don't know where a chat would be, so I'm going to have to let it go. I want to thank everyone for watching. I'm going to post this stream on YouTube, and then I'm probably going to live stream again on YouTube. I may redo this stream on YouTube directly because that makes more sense. I think it's 1134 at night on the east coast. I'll think about it. Thanks, everybody, so much for watching. Please reply to the post. Let me know what you think, and we'll talk again soon. Thanks, everybody. Bye-bye.