Hawaiʻi's Journey to Statehood | The Pineapple King | 2
发布时间 2023-03-29 07:01:00 来源
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嘿，亚马逊会员们，你们可以在亚马逊音乐上无广告地收听《美国历史讲述者》，今天就下载这个应用吧！
Imagine it's a cool afternoon in November 1901. You're working on a farm in Oahu, a sun-baked plateau in central Oahu, northwest of Honolulu, Hawaii. Your foreman has asked you and three co-workers to clear a 10 acre parcel of wild grass and guava bushes in order to plow. You've been here a month, ever since losing your job at a sugar plantation on Maui.
想象一下，现在是1901年11月的一个凉爽下午。你在夏威夷州檀香山西北部中央的一个晒热高原的农场工作。你的领班要求你和三个同事清理一片10英亩的野草和番石榴丛，以便犁地。你已经在这里工作了一个月，自从在毛伊岛的一个糖厂失业以来。
Your new boss is a novice home stutter from Massachusetts. He's already tried to grow watermelons, grapes, cashews, and who knows what else, but none of those crops thrived. Now he has a new idea, pineapples. Once you plow these acres, you're supposed to plant 50,000 of them.
你的新上司是一位来自马萨诸塞州的新手家庭种植者，他已经尝试种植过西瓜、葡萄、腰果和其他什么作物，但这些作物都没有繁荣起来。现在他有一个新想法，要种植菠萝。一旦你耕种这些土地，你就应该种下五万个菠萝。
The boss's right-hand man, your foreman, hovers as you work. Well, how much longer before we can start planting? Well that red soil over there is pretty thick, chief. We'll probably have to till it twice to loosen it all up. Two, three days just to turn the soil, at least another week to plant. Well, do what you have to do. Just get those plants in the ground as fast as you can. Boss doesn't want them to dry out. They cost him a pretty penny, and he or he's buying even more.
老板的得力助手，也就是你的领班，在你工作的时候时刻待在旁边。我们什么时候可以开始种植呢？你看那边那块红土很厚，酋长。我们可能需要耕两次才能全部松土。需要两三天才能翻土，至少再过一个星期才能开始种植。好的，你们尽快按计划做吧。老板不希望植物在外面干了。他花了一大笔钱买来，还准备买更多。
You've met the boss a few times. He seems nice enough, though he may be in over his head, switching to yet another new crop, but it's not your place to challenge his decisions. As long as he keeps paying you a dollar a day. The foreman is about to leave, but then turns back.
你已经见过老板几次了。他看起来还不错，虽然他可能太过忙碌，不断转换新的庄稼，但挑战他的决定不是你的责任。只要他继续每天付你一美元。领班即将离开，但是却又回头了。
Oh, and after you clear the field, make sure to line it good before you plant. You frown. You've worked pineapple fields back home in the Philippines, and you know they need soil that's acidic. Adding lime to the soil will do the opposite. Lime? You sure about that? You're going to have to plan a pineapple plant. Boss has orders. So no backtalk, just do it. You got a chief. Lime it is.
哦，除了清理田地之后，在你种植之前务必好好铺好田。你皱起了眉头。你在菲律宾的家乡种过菠萝，知道它们需要酸性土壤。加石灰就会产生相反的效果。石灰？你确定吗？老板有命令要种菠萝。所以不要反抗，只要去做。你是一个负责任的人。石灰就石灰吧。
Say who's going to buy all this fruit anyway? Pineapples aren't easy to transport in my experience. Might turn into a rotting mass before you get them down to Honolulu. Well, that's known to your concern, either. Boss Man has a plant. He says he'll get the fruit peeled, sliced, and canned right here before it goes to Honolulu.
到底是谁要买这么多水果？依我之前的经验，菠萝可不容易运输。在你把它们运到火奴鲁鲁之前，它们可能就会腐烂成一团。但这似乎跟你无关。老板有一家工厂，他说他会在这里把水果削皮、切片并装罐，然后再运往火奴鲁鲁。
How's he going to do all that? Again, not your concern. Just get the plants in the ground, okay? You nod and turn back to the fields. Your boss is clearly determined, and if he manages to pull this off, there will be plenty of work around here. But even though you haven't been here long, it's clear that the sugarmen are the ones who really run these islands. Compared to all of Hawaii's sugar plantations, you don't see how your boss and his pineapple stand much of a chance.
他打算怎么做到那一切？再说一遍，这不是你的问题。只是把植物种在地里，好吗？你点了点头，转回田地。你的老板显然很有决心，如果他成功了，这里会有很多工作机会。但是，尽管你在这里的时间不长，很明显，糖人才是真正掌控行政权的人。与夏威夷所有的糖厂相比，你不认为你的老板和他的菠萝摊有多大的机会。
Hi, I'm Sarah Haggi, co-host of Wonderree's podcast scamfulencers. In our recent two-part series, Three Weddings and a Funeral, we dive into the story of a German con man who built an entire life on fake names, lies, and schemes, and the unlikely true-kind twist that brought this decades-long charade crashing down. Listen to scamfulencers on Amazon Music or wherever you get your podcasts.
嗨，我是莎拉·哈吉，Wonderree播客《骗子揭发专家》的联合主持人。在我们最近的两部分系列《三场婚礼和一次葬礼》中，我们深入探讨了一个德国骗子的故事，他通过伪造身份、谎言和阴谋建立了整个人生，以及一个不太可能的真实事件，最终让这个持续几十年的骗局崩溃。请在Amazon音乐或您获取播客的任何地方收听《骗子揭发专家》。
Even the rich is a podcast from Wonderree that tells the jaw-dropping stories about the tumultuous lives of the world's elite, from the greatest family dynasties to pop culture superstars. Listen to even the rich on Amazon Music or wherever you get your podcasts.
《即使富有》是Wonderree的一款播客节目，讲述了世界精英们动荡生活中令人震惊的故事，从最大的家族王朝到流行文化超级巨星。在亚马逊音乐或您获取播客的任何地方收听《即使富有》。
From Wonderree, I'm Lindsay Graham, and this is American History Tellers. For History, Your Story. At the turn of the 20th century, a powerful group of businessmen and sugar barons deposed Hawaii's native monarchy in a bloodless coup, paving the way for America to annex the islands. Soon Hawaii was flooded with adventurers and entrepreneurs looking for opportunities.
嗨，大家好，我是琳赛·格雷厄姆，这里是《美国历史讲述者》栏目。历史由你我书写。在20世纪初，一群强大的商人和糖业巨头通过不流血的政变废黜了夏威夷的本土君主制度，为美国吞并该群岛铺平了道路。随后，大批冒险家和企业家涌入夏威夷寻找商机。
One man with an ambitious and unlikely dream was James Dole, who set his sights on pine apples. Dole was warned that pineapples would never flourish. They were difficult to cultivate and easily perishable, but he saw the tropical fruits potential, and he was determined to create Hawaii's first large-scale pineapple operation, and to compete with the big five sugar producers. Within 20 years, thanks to Dole's innovations in savvy marketing, pineapples expanded from a novelty fruit to become Hawaii's second largest crop, one that employed thousands of immigrant workers and reshaped the island's agriculture and image.
有一个心怀雄心并且看起来不太可能实现的梦想家叫做詹姆斯·多尔，他将目标锁定在了凤梨上。有人告诫多尔，凤梨不可能茁壮成长。它们难以种植且易于腐烂，但他看到了这种热带水果的潜力，并决心创建夏威夷的第一家大规模凤梨种植场，与五大糖制品生产商竞争。在20年内，多得利用了精明的营销创新，凤梨从一种新奇的水果扩大到成为夏威夷第二大作物，雇佣了成千上万的移民工人，并改变了该岛的农业和形象。
This is episode 2, The Pineapple King.
这是第二集，名为“菠萝之王”。我来给你介绍一下。
James Drummond Dole landed in Honolulu in mid-November, 1899, a skinny 22-year-old with an agriculture degree from Harvard University, and dreams of becoming a farming entrepreneur.
詹姆斯·德拉蒙德·多尔于1899年11月中旬抵达火奴鲁鲁，当时他年仅22岁，身材单薄，持有哈佛大学的农业学位，梦想成为一名农业企业家。
Dole had been hearing about Hawaii his whole life. Earlier generations of the Dole family had come to the islands in the mid-1800s as Christian missionaries. His second cousin, Sanford Dole, was among the leaders of the group that deposed Hawaii's queen Liliokalani and took control of the islands in 1893.
道尔一生听说过夏威夷。早期的道尔家族成员在19世纪中期作为基督教传教士来到这些岛屿。他的表亲桑福德·道尔是团体领导者之一，他们在1893年推翻了夏威夷女王莉莉乌卡兰尼并接管了这些岛屿。
After the monarchy was overthrown, Sanford Dole became Hawaii's first president, and later when Hawaii became a U.S. territory its first governor. Sanford Dole was backed by the island's powerful sugar industry, but he knew that in order to thrive, Hawaii needed to diversify its crops.
在君主制被推翻后，桑福德·多尔成为夏威夷的第一位总统，后来在夏威夷成为美国领土后成为第一位州长。桑福德·多尔得到了岛上强大的糖业支持，但他知道，为了繁荣发展，夏威夷需要多样化作物。
So he reached out to his second cousin, known as Jim, and encouraged him to come to Oahu and try growing something other than sugar. Jim Dole arrived in Hawaii with $1,500 in savings and head full of agricultural theory, but he had no practical farming experience other than having grown a few vegetables in his mother's garden.
他与他的二表弟Jim联系，鼓励他来到Oahu尝试种植除了甘蔗以外的其他植物。Jim Dole带着1500美元的积蓄和一脑子农业理论来到了夏威夷，但他除了在他母亲的花园里种过一些蔬菜以外没有实际的农业经验。
But nonetheless, in July of 1900, Dole bought a 61-acre parcel in the hills of Oahu at an outpost called Wahewa. He soon discovered that the land was not ideal for many crops.
然而，1900年7月，Dole在位于Oahu山区的Wahewa前哨站购买了一块61英亩的土地。但他很快发现这片土地并不适合种植很多种庄稼。
It sat on a dry, windswept plateau between two valleys, more than 800 feet above sea level. San was abundant, but water was limited, and irrigation would be a challenge. It was also an arduous five-hour trek to the port of Honolulu along a winding wagon road.
它坐落在风干的高原上，夹在两个山谷之间，海拔超过800英尺。晒谷子很丰富，但水很有限，灌溉是一个挑战。沿着弯曲的马车道到达檀香山港口需要艰辛的5小时徒步旅行。
Initially, Dole had envisioned a coffee plantation, but when he moved to the property, he chose to instead experiment with other crops. He planted test patches of peas, potatoes, star fruit, grapes, watermelons, avocados, and bananas, and then he decided to try a crop that had vexed many others, pineapples.
一开始，多尔曾计划开咖啡园，但是当他搬到这个产业时，他决定尝试种植其他作物。他种下了豌豆、土豆、杨桃、葡萄、西瓜、鳄梨和香蕉等作物，并决定尝试一种一直困扰其他人的作物——菠萝。
Pines were not native to Hawaii, but had been growing wild on the islands for centuries, likely introduced by Spanish explorers. Attempts at cultivation began in the 1850s, but most pineapple farms were small and unprofitable. The plants were tricky to grow because they were susceptible to pests and required good drainage.
松树在夏威夷不是本地植物，但可能是由西班牙探险家引进并在这些岛屿上野生生长了数个世纪。在1850年代开始有尝试种植，但多数菠萝农场都很小且不盈利。由于容易受到害虫侵袭且需要良好的排水，这些植物的种植颇为棘手。
And the fruit was difficult to transport. Once established though, a pineapple plant could produce for 50 years. That longevity appealed to Jim Dole. He figured if he could get enough plants started, his farm would become a long-term moneymaker.
这些水果很难搬运。但是一旦建立了，菠萝植株可以持续50年的生产。这种长寿度吸引了吉姆·多尔。他想，如果他能够开始足够多的植株，他的农场就会成为一个长期的赚钱机会。
A few nearby farmers had successfully grown pineapples, which he felt was proof that the soil was suitable, but no one had tried to plant the crop on the scale he was planting.
附近有几个农民成功种植了菠萝，这让他觉得这片土地很适合栽种，但没有人像他这样大规模地种植这种作物。
Soon after Dole purchased his 61 acres, a childhood friend named Fred Tracy came to Hawaii to help. The two men started plowing fields, using second-hand equipment pulled by a horse named Withers with a cracked hoof.
在Dole购买了他的61英亩土地后不久，他的童年朋友弗雷德·特雷西来到夏威夷帮忙。两个人开始耕地，使用一匹名为威瑟斯的马拉着二手设备，但威瑟斯的一个蹄子裂了。
Dole and Tracy lived together in a barn along with their horse while they built a small cabin to serve as more permanent lodgings. They pooled all their money to buy their first pineapple plants, then hired a few Japanese, Filipino, and Chinese field workers.
道尔和特蕾西一起住在一个谷仓里，和他们的马一起，用来建造一个更加永久的小屋作为住所。他们将所有的钱凑在一起购买了他们的第一批菠萝苗，并聘请了一些日本、菲律宾和中国的田间工人。
Their first crop of pineapple plants failed to bear any fruit, and eventually they figured out their mistake. Dole had treated the soil with lime to make it more alkaline, based on faulty advice from a Harvard professor, pineapples preferred acidic soil.
他们最初种植的菠萝植株没有结出任何果实，最终他们找出了错误所在。Dole公司根据一位哈佛教授错误的建议，在土壤中加入石灰，使其更碱性，而菠萝喜欢酸性土壤。
So the next crop bore a small yield of fruit, which Dole and Tracy paddled in markets in Halalulu, a day-long trip by horse and buggy from their farm. But they soon discovered that once ripe, pineapples bruised easily and spoiled quickly.
于是下一个收成只产出了少量水果，Dole 和 Tracy 把它们用马车一整天的时间从他们的农场运到 Halalulu 市场。但他们很快发现菠萝容易瘀伤、很快就会变质。
Still Dole was undeterred. He realized it would be too difficult to ship and sell fresh, whole pineapples on a large scale. So he decided to process and package his fruit, hoping to make it more transportable. He also said his sights on a bigger market, the American mainland.
斯蒂尔·多尔毫不气馁。他意识到大规模运输和销售新鲜的整个菠萝太困难了。因此，他决定加工和打包自己的水果，希望使其更易运输。他也着眼于更大的市场，即美国本土。
In the 1890s, a few small pineapple growers had tried processing their pineapples into syrup or jelly, and packaging it in glass containers. But the jars themselves were prone to breakage, and a 35% tariff on processed foods imported into America cut into profits.
在1890年代，有一些小型菠萝种植者曾尝试将他们的菠萝加工成糖浆或果冻，并装在玻璃容器中。但是，瓶子本身容易破裂，而对进口加工食品征收的35%关税削减了利润。
By the time Dole came along, most of these early growers had gone out of business. The Dole's timing was fortunate. The import tariff had expired in 1898 when the US annexed to Y, meaning Dole now had the advantage of lower tariffs on any fruit he exported.
到Dole出现时，大多数早期种植者已经倒闭了。Dole的时机非常幸运。1898年美国吞并Y时，进口关税已经过期，这意味着Dole现在在出口任何水果时都有更低的关税优势。
He also decided to preserve his pineapples in sturdier tin cans instead of glass jars reducing his breakage costs. Still Dole knew almost nothing about canning fruit, and he had another problem. He was running out of money.
他还决定用坚固的锡罐来保存菠萝，而不是玻璃罐，从而减少了破损的成本。但是，多尔几乎一无所知地罐装水果，还有一个问题，他的钱快用完了。
So in December of 1901, Dole incorporated the Hawaiian pineapple company to raise cash. He sold shares to investors, some of whom were the elite of a Wahoo, lawyers, politicians and sugar barons, including a few of the men who had deposed the queen. Dole hoped the influx of new capital would allow him to hire more laborers, buy more horses, grow more pineapple plants, and most importantly build his own cannery. Eventually, Dole was able to sell enough company stock to purchase another 50,000 pineapple plants, but it wasn't enough money to build a cannery.
那么，1901年12月，多尔成立了夏威夷菠萝公司以筹集现金。他向投资者出售股票，其中有些人是华胥岛的精英，包括律师、政治家和糖业巨头，其中一些人曾罢黜过女王。多尔希望新资本的流入能够让他雇佣更多劳工、购买更多马匹、种植更多菠萝植物，最重要的是建立自己的罐头厂。最终，多尔能够出售足够的公司股票购买另外50,000株菠萝植物，但这并不足够建立罐头厂。
So in early 1902, he traveled to the US, hoping to bring back enough cash and canning equipment to take his ambitious enterprise to the next level. But if he failed to secure this investment, he knew his dream could be doomed.
因此，早在1902年，他前往美国，希望带回足够的现金和装罐设备，将他雄心勃勃的企业推向更高的水平。但是如果他没有获得这笔投资，他知道他的梦想可能会失败。
Imagine this December 1904. You're the manager of Hunt Brothers Fruit Packing Company of Northern California, but today you're a long way from home. You've come to Hawaii to visit the pineapple farm of James Dole, who ceded beside you as he steers a horse-drawn wagon slowly up into the hills above a Wahoo.
想象一下1904年的12月。你是北加利福尼亚州亨特兄弟果品包装公司的经理，但今天你离家很远。你来到夏威夷，拜访詹姆斯•多尔的菠萝农场。他在你旁边驾驭着一辆马拉的马车，缓慢地爬上瓦胡岛的山丘。
On your first trip here a year ago, you liked what you saw and decided to become Dole's sales agent and an early investor. Sales were slow at first, but now you're thinking of expanding your partnership and investing more money into Dole's scrappy company. Maybe a lot more.
在您一年前第一次来这里时，您喜欢所看到的，并决定成为Dole的销售代理和早期投资者。一开始销售缓慢，但现在您正在考虑扩大您的合作伙伴关系并向Dole的勇敢的公司投资更多的钱。也许是更多的钱。
You win since the wagon goes over another bump in the rutted dirt road. "Well, I see you haven't improved the road yet."
“你赢了，因为马车刚刚经过了凹凸不平的土路另一个凸起的地方。”“嗯，看来你还没有改善这条路。”
"Well, we've invested in other areas. You'll see we've grown quite a bit since you were here in 03."
嗯，我们在其他领域进行了投资。你会看到自从你在03年来这里以后，我们已经取得了很大的成长。
The wagon rounds a bend and you finally see the tidy rows of spiky pineapple plants up ahead. Field workers turn and watch you approach. Dole greets them with a friendly wave. "See this is all new. A couple of neighboring farms went out of business and we bought their land. And we leased another 300 acres over that hill, getting us close to 1,000 planted acres now."
马车拐过一个弯，你终于看见前方整齐排列的凤梨植株。田间工人转身看着你们靠近。多尔友好地挥手打招呼。他说：“你看，这里都是新的。几个邻近的农场停业了，我们买下了他们的土地。我们还租下了另外300英亩的土地，在那个山丘后面，现在我们已经种植了近1000英亩的土地了。”
"It's impressive you have come a long way and I feel we can't slow down, not for a minute. I've read about those new farms in Cuba and Puerto Rico. We need to stay competitive. But how's the canary running?"
很令人印象深刻，你已经走了很长的路，我感觉我们不能慢下来，哪怕是一分钟。我读到了古巴和波多黎各的新型农场。我们需要保持竞争力。但是，金丝雀跑得如何？
"Well, that's what I've been wanting to discuss with you. Is there a problem? My firm invested a fair amount of money."
嗯，这就是我一直想要和你讨论的事情。有什么问题吗？我的公司投入了相当多的资金。
"No, I know. And now that our crops are coming in strong, the canning process here is just too slow. My workers can't keep up. And next year should be an even bigger yield, but I'm not sure we'll be able to get it all canned fast enough."
“不，我知道。现在我们的庄稼正在茁壮成长，但是这里的罐头加工速度太慢了，我的工人跟不上。明年的收成甚至会更大，但我不确定我们能否及时罐装所有的产品。”
"Well, what do you think might be the solution?"
嗯，你认为可能的解决方案是什么呢？
Dole stops the wagon outside a wood-framed building. Inside you see workers chopping and slicing pineapples by hand. The two of you climb down and dole hands the reins to one of his employees. "Well I think we need a new canary. And a big one. There's some land I've been looking at just west of downtown Honolulu. Could be perfect."
多尔把马车停在木框建筑外面。里面你看到工人们正在手工切割凤梨。你们两个爬下来，多尔把缰绳交给他的一位员工。“我想我们需要一只新的金丝雀。还要一只大的。有一块我一直在寻找的土地，就在火奴鲁鲁市中心以西。可能是完美的。”
"And how would you get all that fruit to Honolulu? That wagon's not going to do the job."
你怎么把那么多水果送到檀香山？那辆马车可做不了这个任务。
"Oh, I've got a plan for that too. A friend of mine from college, he's running his father's railroad company. And I think I can convince him to add a narrow gauge railsper up here to Oahuila. Then we'd have direct rail access to Honolulu. We could process and can the fruit right near the pier and ship it to you. We could even start canning fruit for other plantations. Because I know they're desperate for better methods as well."
哦，我有一个关于那件事的计划。我大学时的朋友，他正在经营他父亲的铁路公司。我想我可以说服他在Oahuila这里添加一个窄轨铁路。然后我们就可以直接铁路通往檀香山。我们可以在码头附近加工和罐装水果，然后运到你们那里。我们甚至可以开始为其他种植园罐装水果，因为我知道他们也需要更好的方法。
"I see. But how long would all this take?"
我了解了。但是这需要多长时间？
"Maybe a year to get it up and running. And of course we'd need capital."
也许需要一年时间来启动并运行它。当然，我们还需要资金。
"Of course. And I assume you're looking to us for that."
当然。我猜你想找我们来解决这个问题吧。
"Yes, I'd like you to take more shares. But I think together we could turn this into the greatest pineapple business in the world."
是的，我希望你能多买一些股票。不过我认为，如果我们一起合作，我们可以把这变成世界上最伟大的菠萝生意。
Don't lead you toward a mound of freshly picked pineapples. He picks one up and hands it to you, clearly proud. You like this young farmer. He's a bit naive, but he's ambitious. You've already been thinking about investing more. And in time maybe, you could even make a play to gain control of this little upstart company.
“不要把你引向一堆新摘的菠萝里。”他拿起一颗菠萝递给你，神情显然很自豪。你喜欢这位年轻的农民，他有点天真，但又很有抱负。你已经在考虑投资更多了。也许，将来你甚至可以做出掌控这个小型创业公司的举动。”
In late 1902, Dole established a key partnership with Joseph Hunt of Hunt Brothers, a Northern California fruit packer and wholesale grocery distributor. Later on, Hunt would become one of the world's largest producers of ketchup and canned tomatoes.
在1902年末，多尔与北加利福尼亚水果包装商和批发杂货经销商亨特兄弟公司的约瑟夫·亨特建立了一个重要的合作关系。后来，亨特将成为世界上最大的番茄酱和罐装番茄生产商之一。
The two men met while Dole was traveling the U.S. to raise funds by cannery equipment. After meeting Dole, Hunt agreed to become sales agent and distributor for Dole's canned pineapples and invested $10,000 to help Dole build his first cannery.
当Dole正在美国旅行筹集罐头设备的资金时，两个男人相遇了。在遇到Dole之后，Hunt同意成为Dole的销售代理和罐装菠萝的分销商，并投资10,000美元帮助Dole建立了他的第一个加工厂。
And when Dole's first harvest came in in mid-1903, he packed 43,000 cans and shipped them to San Francisco. Hunt Brothers sold the canned fruit to stores up and down the west coast.
当Dole在1903年中旬收获了他的第一批作物时，他装了43,000罐并将它们运送到旧金山。Hunt Brothers将这些罐头水果卖给了西海岸各地的商店。
A year later, Dole packed nearly five times that amount. Even so, some investors felt the company's growth was too slow and sold their shares.
一年后，Dole的销售量增长了近五倍。即便如此，一些投资者认为公司的增长速度太慢，于是卖出了他们的股份。
They found an eager buyer in Joseph Hunt, who by 1904 owned 40% of Dole's company. But the partnership was mutually beneficial. In 1905, with the help from Hunt's financing, Dole's production rose again to more than 600,000 cans. But keeping up with demand was still a challenge.
他们在约瑟夫·亨特身上找到了一个热心的买家，到了1904年，他已经拥有Dole公司的40%股份。但合作对彼此都有益。 1905年，在亨特的资助下，Dole的生产再次增加到了超过60万罐，但满足需求仍然是一个挑战。
The canning process was slow and labor-intensive. Workers would cut the fruit into pieces, pack it into cans, then solder the lid shut. But if the soldering wasn't unjust right, the pressure of the fermenting pineapple would cause the cans to explode. Dole lost thousands of cans every year to spoilage and explosions.
这个罐头制作过程非常缓慢，需要耗费大量的劳动力。工人们会把水果切成小块，然后装进罐子里，最后再焊上盖子。但如果焊接不到位，发酵的菠萝会产生压力，导致罐子爆炸。每年，Dole都因腐烂和爆炸损失了成千上万个罐头。
Still despite the setbacks, business continued to boom. By 1905, Dole's original cannery couldn't keep up. To increase capacity, he convinced Hunt to help him build a modern new cannery near the Honolulu Pears. At the same time, Hunt persuaded the American canned company to build a new factory right next to Dole's cannery. Next in order to get his fresh fruit to the factory more quickly, Dole worked out to deal with former Harvard classmate Walter Dillingham, who ran the Oahu Railway and Land Company.
尽管遭遇了挫折，业务依然蓬勃发展。到了1905年，Dole最初的罐头工厂已经无法满足需求。为了增加产能，他说服Hunt帮他在檀香山梨园附近建造一座现代化的新罐头工厂。同时，Hunt也说服美国罐头公司在Dole的工厂旁边建造了一个新工厂。为了更快地将新鲜水果送到工厂，Dole与他的哈佛同学沃尔特·迪林汉姆达成了一项协议，迪林汉姆经营着Oahu铁路和土地公司。
Dillingham agreed to build an 11-mile extension that connected Dole's plantation to the main rail line into Honolulu. What had been a five-hour trip over rough roads was now just 60 minutes by train. And then in 1907, Dole's new cannery and packing plant opened in Honolulu. He had also solved the problem of the exploding cans with new ceiling machines that crimped the lids on more tightly. That year, he processed 2.7 million cans of pineapple.
迪林汉姆同意建造一条11英里的延伸线，连接多尔的种植园和通往檀香山的主要铁路线。原来需要花费五个小时在崎岖不平的道路上行驶，现在只需要坐火车60分钟。然后在1907年，多尔的新罐头和包装工厂在檀香山开业。他还用新的封罐机解决了爆炸罐的问题，这些机器可以更紧密地夹紧盖子。那一年，他加工了270万罐的菠萝。
Dole's cannery employed 700 men and women who processed 8,000 cans a day during peak season. It quickly became the largest pineapple plant in the world. But then in October of 1907, a financial crisis spread across the United States, causing the stock market to plunge. Many consumers considered pineapple's a luxury item, and demand plummeted.
Dole的罐头加工厂在旺季雇用了700名男女工人，每天加工8000罐鳄梨。它很快成为了世界上最大的鳄梨植物园。但是，1907年10月，一场金融危机席卷美国，导致股票市场暴跌。许多消费者认为鳄梨是奢侈品，需求暴跌。
The so-called panic of 1907 didn't have an immediate effect, as most of Dole's crop from that year had already been canned and sold. But 1908 promised to bring a record crop of pineapples, Dole worried that he might not be able to sell his product to consumers tightening their belts. So even though he finally had his operation running at full speed, Dole needed to figure out a way to keep customers buying what he produced. Because if he failed, everything that he had built had all come crashing down.
所谓的1907年恐慌并没有立即产生影响，因为多尔那年的大部分作物已经被罐装和销售了。但是，1908年预计将带来创纪录的菠萝收成，多尔担心他可能无法将产品卖给勒紧裤带的消费者。因此，即使他最终成功地使自己的业务全速运转，多尔仍需要找到一种方法来保持顾客购买他生产的商品。因为如果他失败了，他所建立的一切将全都崩溃。
In early 1908, Jim Dole confronted a stark dilemma. His pineapple business had grown rapidly, and he had engineered efficient new ways to produce and package his product. But he now faced the possibility of two few customers. When he had first started his business, the Naysaders had been quick to warn of his impending failure. The Honolulu advertiser called it a foolhardy venture which had been tried unsuccessfully before, arguing that pineapple export on any profitable scale was out of the question.
1908年初，吉姆·多尔面临着一个严峻的抉择。他的菠萝业务迅速发展，他设计了高效的新生产和包装方法。但是，他现在面临的问题是顾客太少。当他刚开始做生意时，那些反对者很快就警告他即将失败。《檀香山广告商》称这是一个冒失的冒险，在争论中声称，在任何有利可图的范围内出口菠萝都是不可能的。
But Dole's early success seemed to prove the critics wrong. Still, six years later, the panic of 1907 suddenly threatened to ruin his company. Dole knew he needed to take bold action. So in early 1908, he joined forces with other pineapple growers who were also expecting a drop in sales. Dole met with these other farmers to develop plans to market pineapples more aggressively in the US and to educate buyers on how to eat them, cook with them, and even how to use them in cocktails.
但是多尔的早期成功似乎证明了批评者的错误。然而，六年后的1907年恐慌突然威胁到了他的公司。多尔知道他需要采取大胆的行动。所以在1908年初，他与其他也预计销售下降的菠萝种植者联手。多尔与这些农民会面，制定了在美国更积极地推销菠萝并教育购买者如何食用、烹饪甚至如何在鸡尾酒中使用它们的计划。
So in May of 1908, they formalized their alliance, creating the Hawaiian Pineapple Growers Association with Dole named its first president. The group pooled funds to create a $50,000 national marketing and advertising campaign. Soon thereafter, in newspapers and women's magazines, their ad shared recipes and cooking tips, promoting Hawaiian grown pineapples as the best tasting in the world.
所以在1908年的五月，他们正式联盟，创立了夏威夷菠萝种植者协会，Dole被任命为其首任主席。这个团体集资5万美元，创建了一个全国性的市场营销和广告活动。不久之后，在报纸和女性杂志上，他们的广告分享了菜谱和烹饪技巧，宣传夏威夷产的菠萝是世界上最好吃的。
One ad in the ladies' home journal put it, Don't Ask for Pineapples Alone, Insist on Hawaiian Pineapple. Dole also offered a free recipe booklet to anyone who wrote to request one, featuring dishes like baked ham garnished with sliced pineapple. Dole and the Hawaiian Pineapple Growers Association had competition, though. Other parts of the world, such as Cuba and the islands of the West Indies, also exported pineapples to America.
在女士家庭杂志上的广告这么说：“不要只要菠萝，坚持要夏威夷菠萝”。Dole还提供了一个免费的食谱小册子，只要写信请求就可以得到，里面介绍了像配菠萝片的烤火腿等菜肴。但是，Dole和夏威夷菠萝种植者协会也有竞争对手。其他地方，如古巴和西印度群岛也向美国出口菠萝。
But Dole's ad sought to link Hawaii and pineapples in consumers' minds, the way Cuba was linked with cigars. Newspaper ads and the packaging on the cans themselves promoted mythical versions of the islands, featuring hula girls and grass skirts beneath titles like Paradise Island. Dole wasn't just selling pineapples, he was selling Hawaii.
但多尔的广告试图将夏威夷和菠萝联系在消费者的心中，就像古巴与雪茄联系在一起一样。报纸广告和罐头包装本身宣传了岛屿的神话版本，配有标题如“天堂岛”下面的呼啦舞女和草裙。多尔不仅在销售菠萝，而且也在销售夏威夷。
The campaign was a resounding success. Demand rebounded in late 1908 and pineapple sales reached a record high. Members of the new Growers Consortium exported nearly 10 million cans of sliced, crushed, cubed, and graded fruit that year. Just six years earlier, that number was only 75,000. And soon even Hawaii's tourism board realized that pineapples were an effective marketing tool and began using them in its promotional materials.
这次运动取得惊人的成功。1908年末需求反弹，菠萝销量达到了创纪录的高位。新养殖联盟的成员在那一年出口了近1000万罐切好的、压碎的、切成块的和分级的水果。而仅仅六年前，这个数字只有75,000。很快，甚至连夏威夷旅游局也意识到菠萝是一个有效的市场营销工具，并开始在其推广材料中使用它们。
The success of Dole and the Growers Association drew more farmers into the pineapple business. Dole encouraged this since few of the Growers had their own canning operation, which meant they would need to pay him to process their fruit. So by 1909, Dole had doubled the size of his Honolulu cannery and processing plant. He employed hundreds of workers at the peak of each season, many of whom were recent arrivals to the islands.
多尔 (Dole) 和种植者协会的成功吸引了更多的农民进入菠萝业。由于寥寥无几的种植者拥有自己的罐装作业，这意味着他们需要支付多尔的费用来加工他们的水果。因此到了1909年，多尔的檀香山罐头工厂和加工厂的规模扩大了一倍。每个季节的高峰期，他雇用了数百名工人，其中许多是最近到达夏威夷群岛的人。
Pineapple and immigrant itself to the islands was now mostly grown and processed by immigrant labor. But that was nothing new for the islands. For decades, Hawaii had been a magnet for immigrant agricultural workers from Japan, Portugal, and especially China. But when Hawaii became a US territory in 1900, it became subject to America's ban on Chinese immigration, enacted by the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882. So after 1900, Japanese laborers began to outnumber Chinese on Hawaii's sugar plantations. And when their sugar contracts expired after three to five years, many left to work on pineapple farms, where the work was less physically demanding.
菠萝和移民本身现在主要由移民劳工种植和加工。但对于这些岛屿来说，这并不是什么新鲜事。数十年来，夏威夷一直吸引着来自日本、葡萄牙和尤其是中国的移民农业工人。但当夏威夷于1900年成为美国领土后，它就受到了美国对中国移民的禁令，这一禁令通过了1882年的《排华法案》。因此，1900年之后，日本劳工们开始在夏威夷的糖厂中超过中国人。当他们的糖合同在三到五年后到期时，许多人离开了去菠萝农场工作，那里的工作要求不那么需要体力。
By 1909, most of Dole's field and cannery workers were Japanese, plus some Portuguese and a growing number of Filipinos. Immigration from the Philippines had increased after the Philippine-American War when the group of Asian islands like Hawaii before it became a US territory. Workers of all nationalities lived in bunkhouses and shopped at the company store. During peak season, the days were long, 10 to 12 hours. The pay was measly, about a dollar a day, and sometimes less. And not all of these workers were equal.
到了1909年，多数杜尔公司的田地和罐头工人都是日本人，还有一些葡萄牙人和日益增加的菲律宾人。在菲律宾和美国战争之后，菲律宾等亚洲岛屿也成为美国的一个领土，因此移民数量也有所增加。所有国籍的工人都住在集体宿舍里，购物则在公司商店进行。在高峰期，每天工作时间长达10至12个小时。工资微薄，大约不到1美元，有时更低。而且，并不是所有工人都受到平等待遇。
On the plantations, a hierarchy evolved. White Americans or Europeans, the Howe-Lees owned the land and managed the crews. Portuguese field bosses, known as Ditch Lunas, often served as foreman overseeing the mostly Asian field workers. Native Hawaiians also worked in the industry, but immigrants comprised an ever larger portion of Hawaii's population.
在种植园上，形成了一种等级制度。白人美国人或欧洲人，即豪伊 - 李斯拥有土地并管理队伍。葡萄牙田间领班，也就是所谓的挖渠卢纳斯，通常担任领班，监督主要由亚洲人组成的田野工人。夏威夷土生土长的人也在这个行业工作，但移民成为夏威夷人口中的越来越大的一部分。
On his plantation, Dole was known as a fair but driven boss, who tried to get to know his employees and paid above average wages. At the cannery, he provided showers and employed lounge and eventually free daycare. But he was motivated less by kindness than by good business sense. As long as his workers stayed happy with their modest wages and didn't strike, his company would prosper.
在他的种植园里，多尔被人们认为是一位公正但富有激励性的老板，他试图了解自己的雇员，并支付高于平均水平的工资。在罐头工厂里，他提供淋浴设施，并雇用休息室和最终免费的托儿所。但他的动机不是出于善良，而是基于良好商业眼光。只要他的工人保持满意于他们的适度工资并不罢工，他的公司就会繁荣。
Dole also had an eye on profit and growth. In order to stay competitive, he needed to keep costs as low as possible. And that meant pushing his workers to produce at a faster rate. Pineapples had to be peeled, cored, and sliced largely by hand, a painstaking and sometimes dangerous process. Uncruid, hand-cranked machines had been introduced, one machine peeled the fruit, another corded, another sliced it. These helped increase processing rates to about 10 to 15 pineapples per minute. But for Dole, that still was not fast enough. To keep up with demand, his employees had to put in long shifts and work quickly, sometimes cutting themselves or even losing fingers in the machinery.
多尔也考虑了盈利和增长。为了保持竞争力，他需要将成本尽可能降低。这意味着他要推动工人更快地生产。菠萝需要手工去皮、去核和切片，这是一个费力且有时危险的过程。一些未经改良的手摇机器已被引入，一个机器去皮，另一个去核，另一个切片。这些帮助提高了处理速率，达到每分钟10到15个菠萝。但对于多尔来说，这仍然不够快。为了满足需求，他的员工必须长时间地工作，并快速操作，有时在机器中割伤自己甚至失去手指。
So if Dole wanted to keep expanding and maintain morale among his workers, he would have to innovate. Imagine its March 1912. You're standing on the factory floor at the sprawling Hawaiian Pineapple Company cannery in Honolulu about to unveil the latest version of your invention, a single machine that will automatically trim, peel, core, and slice pineapples. The company's president hires you a year ago to invent a machine that could both speed up the process and salvage the trimmings to make his newest product bottle pineapple juice.
如果Dole想要继续扩大业务并保持工人的士气，他就必须创新。假设这是1912年的三月份，你站在位于檀香山的夏威夷菠萝公司罐头厂的厂房里，即将展示你最新的发明，一台能够自动修剪、削皮、去核和切片菠萝的单机器。公司的总裁一年前雇佣了你，希望你能发明一种机器，既能加快制作过程，又能利用余料来制作他最新的产品，罐装菠萝汁。
He's notoriously impatient and meticulous. So as he hovers next to you by the machine, you fuel your heart race. All your prior attempts have been full of glitches, but now you think you've worked out the kinks, at least you sure hope so. So with his new prototype, one machine does it all. No more Lewis peeling machines or those dangerous slicing machines. It just needs three or four workers to operate.
他出了名的不耐烦和一丝不苟。当他在机器旁边盘旋时，你的心跳加速了。 你之前所有的尝试都存在故障，但现在你认为你已经解决了这些问题，至少你真心地希望如此。 所以，借助他的新原型机，一台机器即可完成所有任务。 不再需要路易斯削皮机或那些危险的切割机。 只需要三到四名工人即可操作。
"Yeah, yeah, yeah, I understand the concept. But let's see if it works." You load a few pineapples onto the machines conveyor belt and watch as they trundle inside. "So as you can see, the machine locks off the top and bottom, removes the core, cuts off the rind, and spits out a clean tube of pineapples there." Dol watches has a perfect cylinder of pineapple emerges from a chute. He bends down to pick it up, then specks it closely. He seems impressed.
“好的，好的，我懂你的想法。但让我们看看它是否奏效。”你把几个菠萝放到机器的传送带上，看着它们被推进去。“你看，这台机器会把顶部和底部锁住，去掉中心，削掉外皮，然后在那里吐出一根干净的菠萝管。”多尔看着，一个完美的圆柱菠萝从出口处出现。他蹲下来拿起它，仔细检查。他好像很满意。
Ah, so far so good. These look clean and the trimmings. Yes, those are collected in this bin and then sent to the juicing station over there. And all this excess pulp is collected as well. It's crushed for syrup. It's very little waste.
噢，目前为止还不错。这些看起来很干净，还削得整齐。是的，这些都被收集在了这个箱子里，然后被送到那边的榨汁站。所有多余的果渣也都被收集起来了。它们会被压碎做成糖浆。几乎没有什么浪费。
But just then your machine clogs and ceases. Dol looks furious.
但是就在那时，你的机器堵塞了并停了下来。多尔看起来非常生气。
No. Look, I can't use a machine that keeps breaking down. For what I pay you, I should be able to get something reliable.
不行，看啊，我不能使用一个总是出问题的机器。按照我付给你的钱，我该得到一个可靠的东西。
I'm sorry, sir. I'm not sure. It was working fine before.
对不起，先生。我不确定。以前它一直工作得很好。
It doesn't matter. All I know is the hand crank machines work day in and day out. They don't die on me. But I will tell you this. If more of my people get injured on those old machines, it'll be your fault.
没关系，我知道手摇机器每天都能工作。它们从不出故障。但是我要告诉你，如果更多的人在这些旧机器上受伤，那就是你的责任。
Dol storms off, leaving you to wonder if this might be your last day on the job. Then again, you're sure that with just a few more adjustments and upgrades, you can get your machine up and running and reliable. If you're right, you could process 50 pineapples a minute, maybe more. You just hope your boss gives you one more chance to prove it.
Dol生气地离开了，让你不知道今天是否是你的最后一天工作。但是，只要再进行一些调整和升级，你相信你可以让机器运转起来并且变得可靠。如果你是正确的，你可以每分钟加工50个菠萝，甚至更多。你只希望你的老板能再给你一次机会证明它。
Despite the setbacks, hiring inventor and engineer Henry Genaka would turn out to be one of Dol's smartest moves. Genaka had previously worked on sugar plantations and a small cannery in Wohiwa, where he learned about fruit packing. In 1911, he was working as an engineer at the Honolulu Ironworks. That's where Dol found him and learned him away, offering Genaka $300 a month to design a machine that would automate the labor-intensive process of preparing a pineapple for canning.
尽管遭遇了许多挫折，但招聘发明家和工程师Henry Genaka最终证明是Dol最明智的决定之一。Genaka之前曾在甘蔗种植园和Wohiwa的一个小罐头厂工作，学习了关于水果包装方面的知识。1911年，他在檀香山铁工厂担任工程师。那是Dol找到他并挖他走的地方，提供Genaka每月300美元的工资，设计一台可以自动化劳动密集型的准备菠萝罐头的过程的机器。
After a few frustrating failures, Genaka slowly improved his machines. By 1913, his automatic fruit core and cizer more than tripled Dol's production. Requiring fewer than five operators per machine, Dol's cannery began processing 35 pineapples a minute, then 50, and eventually 100. Just as Henry Ford was learning how to turn out more cores through the assembly line process, Dol and Genaka were pioneering the automation of agriculture. In 1915, Genaka's newest machine was awarded gold medal at the Panama Pacific Exposition in San Francisco. Genaka left Hawaii that year to join his brothers at a mining operation in California. He died just three years later at age 42 of influenza and pneumonia, leaving his invention to far outlive him. Genaka machines would continue to be used across the industry for decades to come.
在经历了几次令人沮丧的失败之后，Genaka慢慢改进了他的机器。到了1913年，他的自动果脯核和搅拌机，将Dol的生产量增加了三倍以上。每台机器只需要少于五名操作员，Dol的罐头制造厂开始每分钟处理35个菠萝，然后变成50个，最终达到了100个。正如亨利·福特学习如何通过流水线进程更多的输出核心一样，Dol和Genaka是农业自动化的先驱者。在1915年，Genaka的最新机器获得了旧金山巴拿马太平洋博览会的金牌奖。那一年，Genaka离开夏威夷与他的兄弟们一起参加了加利福尼亚的一项采矿业务。他于三年后在42岁时死于流感和肺炎，把他的发明留给世人继续发扬光大。Genaka公司的机器会继续在该行业使用数十年。
By 1915, pineapples had become not just Hawaii's second largest crop, but its second largest industry in terms of revenue. But the powerful big five sugar companies still ruled Hawaii's commerce and politics. Over the years, these companies had strengthened their power base, expanding beyond sugarcane into shipping, newspapers, and hotels. Dol had no choice but to do business with them, leasing land from the big five and largely relying on their ships to deliver his product to America.
到了1915年，菠萝已经不仅仅是夏威夷第二大农作物，而且在营收方面也成为了夏威夷的第二大行业。但是强大的五大糖企依然统治着夏威夷的商业和政治。这些企业多年来不断加强自己的实力基础，从甘蔗业务扩展到船运、报纸和酒店。多尔别无选择，只能与它们合作，从五大企业租地，而且主要依靠它们的船只将自己的产品运到美国。
But consumer pineapple sales slowed during World War I, so Dol negotiated a deal to send canned pineapples to overseas allied troops. It was not just a contribution to the war effort, but also turned out to be a brilliant marketing campaign. Troops returned home after the war with a new taste for the island fruit, making it even more of a staple on American pantry shelves. So as the war came to an end, demand for pineapple rebounded. In 1918 alone, 25 million cans of Dol pineapples went to American homes and businesses. Improvements to the Genaka machines led to steady increases in production, and by the mid-1920s, Dol's Honolulu cannery was packing half a million cans a day.
在一战期间，消费者菠萝销售放缓，因此 Dol 谈判达成协议，向海外盟军部队发送罐装菠萝。这不仅是对战争努力的贡献，还证明了是一项精彩的营销活动。战士们回国后对这种来自岛屿的水果产生了新的品味，使其成为美国食品储藏室的主要产品。随着战争结束，对菠萝的需求反弹。仅在 1918 年，就有 2500 万罐 Dol 菠萝进入了美国家庭和企业。对 Genaka 机器的改进使生产稳步增加，到 20 世纪 20 年代中期，Dol 的檀香山罐头厂每天装罐 50 万件。
Dol meanwhile had gotten married and started a family. He built a lavish plantation house for his wife, Bell, and their five children. He continued to buy more land, including former sugar cane fields. He created pineapple plantations on other Hawaii and islands, and nursed ever more ambitious plans to compete with big sugar and make pineapples the number one industry in Hawaii. Then in 1922, he decided to expand his empire even further by buying an entire island. Soon it would become the largest pineapple plantation on the planet.
当时的Dol已经结婚并成家了。他为他的妻子Bell和五个孩子建了一座华丽的种植园别墅。他继续购买更多的土地，包括以前的甘蔗田。他在夏威夷和其他岛屿上建立了菠萝种植园，并怀着越来越雄心勃勃的计划，要与大型糖业公司竞争，使菠萝成为夏威夷的第一产业。然后在1922年，他决定通过购买一整座岛来进一步扩大自己的帝国。很快这个岛将成为地球上最大的菠萝种植园。
But Jim Dol's triumph would not last long. Soon the American economy would take a devastating turn, and the pineapple king would suffer a precipitous fall from power.
然而，吉姆・道尔的胜利并没有持续太久。很快，美国经济便发生了毁灭性的转变，菠萝大王也将面临权力的陡峭下滑。
By the 1920s, Jim Dol had purchased or leased every available piece of land he could find. His Hawaiian pineapple company held more than 12,000 acres on a Wahoo, Maui, and the big island of Hawaii. In need of even more farmland, Dol traveled the world searching for new fields.
到了20世纪20年代，Jim Dol已经购买或租赁了他能找到的每一块土地。他的夏威夷菠萝公司在瓦胡岛、毛伊岛和夏威夷新拥有超过12,000英亩的土地。由于需要更多的农田，Dol周游世界寻找新的领域。
But after touring Mexico, Fiji, the Philippines, Malaysia, and Australia, he decided he preferred to find a way to expand closer to home. So in 1922, he purchased the sparsely populated, cactus-covered island of Lanai for $1.1 million in cash.
在游览了墨西哥、斐济、菲律宾、马来西亚和澳大利亚之后，他决定更喜欢寻找一种在家附近扩张的方式。因此在1922年，他用110万美元现金购买了人口稀少、布满仙人掌的兰艾岛。
Rather than borrow money for the purchase, Dol sold shares of his company to the Waiolua agricultural company, one of Hawaii's largest sugar firms. He had been leasing land from Waiolua for years, and now with their investment, they owned a third of Dol's company. Waiolua was in turn owned by Castle and Cook, one of the big five sugar corporations.
道尔并没有通过借钱购买，而是把他公司的股份出售给了Waiolua农业公司，这是夏威夷最大的糖业公司之一。他已经租赁Waiolua的土地多年了，现在他们的投资让他们拥有了Dol公司的三分之一股份。Waiolua又属于卡斯尔和库克这五大糖业公司之一。
Some advisors warned Dol about letting big sugar take such a large stake in his company, but he believed the earnings from the new Lanai plantation would offset that risk.
一些顾问提醒道尔，不要让大型糖业公司在他的公司中持有如此大的股份，但他相信新兰艾庄园的收益将抵消这种风险。
At the time, roughly only 100 people lived on the 90,000 acre island, mostly native Hawaiian fishermen and farmers raising cattle and sheep. Dol hired some of those residents while others were displaced to make room for his pineapple fields.
当时，大约只有100人居住在占地9万英亩的岛上，主要是土生土长的夏威夷渔民和养牛羊的农民。Dol雇佣了一些当地居民，而其他人则被迫搬离，为他的菠萝田腾出空间。
And after acquiring the island, Dol spent the next few years turning Lanai into the largest pineapple plantation in the world. He spent more than $4 million constructing a harbor and roads, as well as a water system, a reservoir, and company housing to accommodate 1,000 workers. In time, the island would produce 75% of the world's pineapples.
达尔收购了岛屿后，花了数年时间将拉奈岛建成世界上最大的菠萝种植园。他投资了超过400万美元修建了港口和道路，还建立了水系统、水库、公司住房，以容纳1,000名工人。最终，这座岛屿将生产出全球75%的菠萝。
Throughout the 1920s, Dol continued to create clever marketing campaigns to increase consumers appetite for his crop. He launched a recipe contest in 1925, whose winner, a woman from Norfolk, Virginia, was credited with creating the pineapple upside down kick. Dol printed the recipe in magazines and a pineapple cookbook. The cake was an instant hit and would become a classic.
在20世纪20年代，多尔继续制定巧妙的营销策略，以增加消费者对他的作物的食欲。他在1925年举办了一场食谱比赛，其中获胜者来自弗吉尼亚州诺福克的一名女性创造了菠萝翻转蛋糕。多尔在杂志和一本菠萝烹饪书中印刷了这个食谱。这个蛋糕立即受欢迎，并成为了经典之作。
The steady rise in profits through the 1920s allowed Dol to pay shareholders regular dividends and to continue making improvements for his workers. He created employee pension and stock plans and paid annual bonuses.
20世纪20年代，稳步增长的利润使得Dol能够支付股东定期股息并继续为劳工做出改进。他建立了员工养老金和股票计划，并支付年度奖金。
And in 1927, Dol launched another new marketing campaign. Until then, his company still called the Hawaiian pineapple company, had been selling its can fruit under various paradise-themed names like Waikiki, Paradise Islands, and Royal Palm. But now Dol and his executives decided that the name Dol was well known enough that he was time to begin embossing it on the top of every fruit can. Ads began to feature Dol's name and his backstory, with a tagline, You Can Thank Jim Dol for canned pineapples.
1927年，Dol推出了另一个新的营销活动。在此之前，他的公司仍被称为夏威夷菠萝公司，一直在以各种天堂主题名称（如威基基、天堂岛和皇家棕榈）销售罐装水果。但现在，Dol和他的高管们决定，Dol的名字已经够出名了，是时候开始将它浮雕在每个水果罐顶部了。广告开始特别提到Dol的名字和他的故事，配以一个标语：“你可以感谢Jim Dol提供的罐装菠萝”。
That same year, Dol was inspired by Charles Limberg's pioneering transatlantic flight and started thinking about delivering pineapples by air instead of sea. To test this idea, he came up with yet another marketing scheme. But this one would end in tragedy.
那一年，Dol受Charles Limberg的先锋跨大西洋飞行的启发，开始考虑采用空运而非海运来运送菠萝。为了测试这个想法，他想出了另一个营销方案。但这一次的结果将以悲剧告终。
Imagine it's August 16, 1927, a foggy Tuesday morning in Oakland, California. You're the pilot of a Lockheed Vega Mono Plane, dubbed the Golden Eagle, owned by George Randall I, son of the newspaper magna. You're one of eight planes about to compete in the Dol Air Race, sponsored by the Dol Pineapple Company. The goal is to fly from Oakland to Honolulu. And if you can beat the other seven planes, you'll take home the $25,000 grand prize.
想象一下，现在是1927年8月16日，加利福尼亚州奥克兰市的一个多雾的星期二早晨。你是一架洛克希德维加单翼飞机——“金鹰”，由报业大亨乔治·兰德尔一世的儿子拥有。你是八架飞机中的一名驾驶员，参加由多尔菠萝公司赞助的多尔空中赛跑比赛。目标是从奥克兰飞往檀香山。如果能打败其他七架飞机，你将获得2.5万美元的大奖。
But unfortunately, the race seems jinxed. Already there have been multiple crashes and three deaths. So now as you and your navigator stand behind your plane, waiting for officials to clear the runway, the newspaper reporter approaches.
很不幸，这场比赛似乎有点儿背运。已经发生了多起撞车事故和三起死亡事件。现在，当你和你的领航员站在你们的飞机后面等待官员清理跑道时，一位报纸记者走过来了。
You boys see that latest crash? Some miracle no one was killed. How are all these wrecks making you feel about your chances? Sorry, pal, we're kinda busy here. Go talk to one of the other pilots.
你们这些伙计看到最新的撞车了吗？没人死真是奇迹。所有这些车祸会让你们对自己的机会感到如何？抱歉，兄弟，我们这里有点忙。去找其他飞行员聊聊吧。
I'd rather talk to the guy who's been bragging he has the fastest plane. That's true. Of course, it is. 200 horsepower and fastest Ebola. We got her up to 135 miles per hour just yesterday. I figure we'll make it to Hawaii in about 20 hours. In fact, I'll predict that we'll be having breakfast in Honolulu tomorrow morning. Take an egg and maybe a little pineapple.
我宁愿跟那个吹嘘他有最快飞机的人聊天。那是真的。当然，没错。有200马力和最快的埃博拉。昨天我们将它升到了每小时135英里。我估计我们需要大约20小时就能到夏威夷。实际上，我预测明天早上我们会在檀香山吃早餐。可以来一个鸡蛋和一点菠萝。
You don't worry you'll end up flying into the cliffs like those boys last week. Or land in the bay. Or tear off your landing gear? No sir, I've been flying since the war. I've been a stunt pilot. Log more than 5,000 hours in the air. And I've seen my share of wrecked shore. But this flight is a straight shot over open water. Should be no problem.
你不用担心像上周那些男孩那样飞入悬崖，或者降落在海湾，或者撞坏着陆装置吗？不用担心，先生。我从战争时期就开始飞行了，还是个特技飞行员。我在空中累计飞行时间超过5,000个小时。我也见过不少因事故而损毁的海岸。但这次飞行直接飞越开阔水域。不应该有问题。
So you're telling me you're not scared. Not one bit. Those other crashes were pilot error. Playing in simple.
所以你告诉我你不害怕。一点都不害怕。那些其他的坠机都是飞行员的错误。简单明了。
Well, I don't know. Seems to me like they ought to cancel the whole thing. I know they're calling it the greatest race in aviation history. But three men are dead.
嗯，我不知道。我觉得他们应该取消整个比赛。我知道他们把它称为航空历史上最伟大的比赛。但三个人都已经死亡了。
You've had enough of this reporter's doom and gloom. And thankfully, you see race officials waving their arms out on the dirt runway. It's your signal to taxiing to place. Well, excuse me, sir. And please step back. We're being cleared for takeoff. So see you in Hawaii.
你已经受够了这位记者的厄运和忧虑。幸运的是，你看到比赛官员在泥路跑道上挥舞双臂。这是你该起飞的信号。对不起，先生，请退后。我们要起飞了。那么，我们在夏威夷见。
You and your navigator climb into the cockpit and you fire up the engine. The fog is cleared and you're airborne in no time. You're in the crowd of nearly 100,000 cheers, your smooth takeoff. And soon the golden gate bridge passes beneath you. You're on course and you have plenty of fuel along with two courts of coffee and a dozen sandwiches. A head lay 2400 miles of ocean and a life-changing amount of money.
你和你的导航员爬上驾驶舱，点燃了发动机。雾气被驱散，你很快就起飞了。你在将近10万人的欢呼声中完成了平稳的起飞。很快，金门大桥就从你的头顶飞过。你在正确的航线上，油量充足，还带了两升咖啡和一打三明治。前方有2400英里的海洋和改变命运的一大笔钱。
Coming on the heels of Charles Lindbergh's Transatlantic flight, the dull air race of 1927 was supposed to be a thrilling competition that aligned the dull name and brand with progress and adventure. The race was initially conceived by Hawaii's governor and the publisher of the Honolulu Star Bulletin who thought it might be good publicity for Hawaii. They brought the idea to Dull who agreed to sponsor the race with a $25,000 grand prize and a $10,000 prize for second place.
紧跟查尔斯·林德伯格的横跨大西洋飞行，1927年的枯燥空中比赛本应是一场令人振奋的竞争，让“枯燥”的名字和品牌成为进步和冒险的象征。该比赛最初是由夏威夷州州长和《檀香山星报》的出版商构想的，他们认为这可能是夏威夷的好公关。他们把这个想法带给了“枯燥”，后者同意赞助这场比赛，为获胜者提供25,000美元的大奖和第二名的10,000美元奖金。
August 16th, 1927, eight planes were scheduled to compete. Two of them crashed during takeoff. Two others managed to get airborne but soon turned back with mechanical problems. Of the four that remained, the pilot of the Woolerock reached Honolulu in 26 hours and took first prize. Another plane called the Aloha got lost and nearly ran out of fuel but landed two hours later. The two other planes never arrived. The Lockheed Vega Monoplan named the Golden Eagle with its crew of two was lost at sea. The Miss Doran, which carried a two-man crew and a 22-year-old Michigan schoolteacher named Mildred Doran, also vanished.
在1927年8月16日，有八架飞机预定参加比赛。其中两架在起飞过程中坠毁。另外两架成功起飞，但不久后因机械问题而返回。最终还剩下四架飞机，其中一架名叫Woolerock的飞机用了26个小时飞行到了檀香山，并获得了第一名。另一架飞机叫做Aloha，则迷路并差点耗尽燃料，但在两小时后降落了。另外两架飞机则从未到达。一架名为黄金之鹰的洛克希德维加式单翼飞机及其两名机组人员在海上失踪。另一架名为米斯·多兰号的飞机载有两名机组人员和一名22岁的密歇根州教师米尔德莉德·多兰，也消失了。
The public was horrified by the tragedies and even aviators who had supported the race now argued that it had been far too risky. Dull offered an additional $20,000 reward for the recovery of the missing crews whom rescuers hoped might be found alive in life rafts. But a plane that joined in the search, the Dallas spirit, also disappeared. One of the three missing planes was ever found. In total, the race claimed ten lives. Many in the press criticized Dull's race as wasteful and foolhardy. The Philadelphia inquirer called it an orgy of reckless sacrifice.
公众对这些悲剧感到震惊，甚至支持比赛的飞行员们现在也认为这太冒险了。达尔额外提供了2万美元的奖金，希望能找到那些失踪机组人员，救援人员希望他们能在救生筏中活着找到。但参与搜索的达拉斯精神号飞机也失踪了。三架失踪的飞机中只找到了一架。总的来说，这次比赛夺去了十个人的生命。新闻界中有很多人批评达尔的这场比赛是浪费和鲁莽的。费城问询报称其为鲁莽牺牲的狂欢。
Dull felt personally guilty and wished he had pushed for stiffer safety requirements. He told the press that he deeply regretted the loss of life and that he was through with aviation. And yet the race had its desired effect. Now the world knew the name Dull and despite the tragedies, the press had been good for business. Some even praised the race as a bold advancement in long-distance flight.
达尔个人感到内疚，希望他能推动更严格的安全要求。他向媒体表示，深感遗憾人命凋亡，并且他结束了对航空的投入。然而，这场比赛产生了预期效果。现在全世界都知道了达尔这个名字，尽管发生了悲剧，但媒体对业务的帮助还是不错的。一些人甚至称赞这场比赛为长途飞行的大胆进展。
But meanwhile, Dull's competitors were starting to catch up. Heading into the late 1920s, Dull's share of the pineapple market had declined to about a third. Large rivals had entered the business, including the California packing corporation which later became known as Del Monte. Still by 1930, Dull was manufacturing more than 100 million cans of pineapple a year. Pineapples were now firmly entrenched as Hawaii's second largest crop behind only sugar. And Dull stood alone as the world's largest pineapple producer.
然而，与此同时，达尔（Dull）的竞争对手开始在赶上他了。到了20世纪晚期，达尔在菠萝市场的占有率已经下降到约三分之一。大型竞争对手进入了这个行业，包括后来被称为德尔蒙特（Del Monte）的加利福尼亚包装公司。然而，在1930年时，达尔每年生产超过1亿罐菠萝。菠萝现在已牢固地占据夏威夷的第二大作物，仅次于糖。而达尔则是世界上最大的菠萝生产商。
But Jim Dull would not be around to see the company he founded reaches peak. As the Great Depression hit America, the man for canned pineapples plunged. In 1931, Dull packaged a record 120 million cans, but much of it went unsolved. After years of profits, Dull's company began losing money and he began borrowing to stay afloat. By late 1932, the company was on the verge of bankruptcy. Skittish shareholders decided it was time for a shake-up. Dull was ousted as general manager and given the mostly honorary title of Chairman of the board.
然而，吉姆·道尔不会再看到他创建的公司达到高峰了。正当美国遭受大萧条时，罐装菠萝的需求急剧下降。在1931年，道尔包装了创纪录的1.2亿罐，但其中大部分都没有售出。经过多年的盈利，道尔的公司开始亏损，并开始借债以维持生计。到了1932年晚期，公司濒临破产。易受惊的股东们决定进行一场震荡。道尔被解职，并且被赐予了名誉主席的头衔。
Big five sugar company, Castle and Cook, which still held a minority stake in Dull's Hawaiian pineapple company, took control and named a new president. Dull would stay with the company for another 16 years, but from the sidelines. Dull had beaten the odds to build a massive pineapple empire and helped to transform Hawaiian agriculture. More importantly, his savvy marketing campaigns had established Hawaii in the American imagination as an exotic island paradise. Other companies from hotels to passenger ships followed Dull's footsteps using that tropical lure to turn Hawaii into a booming tourism destination.
大五糖业公司和卡斯尔和库克公司仍持有达尔夏威夷菠萝公司的少数股份，他们掌控了公司并任命了一个新总裁。达尔将在公司内继续工作16年，但只从侧面参与管理。达尔战胜了种种困难，建立了一个巨大的菠萝帝国，帮助转变了夏威夷的农业。更重要的是，他精明的营销活动，将夏威夷塑造成美国人心目中的异国天堂。从酒店到客轮，其他公司效仿达尔的脚步，利用热带风情让夏威夷成为蓬勃发展的旅游胜地。
And as more tourists came to the islands through the 1920s, so did many thousands of American sailors and soldiers, and expanding US military presence would create tensions with local Hawaiians, leading to an explosive murder trial that made headlines around the world and threatened Hawaii's tourist friendly image. From undery, this is episode two of Hawaii's journey to statehood from American history tellers.
随着20世纪20年代更多的游客来到这些岛屿，许多数以千计的美国水手和士兵也来到了这里，扩大的美国军事存在使得与夏威夷本地人之间的紧张局势升级，导致了一场轰动全球的谋杀审判，并威胁到了夏威夷友好的旅游形象。从下面开始，这是来自美国历史讲述者的夏威夷成为州的历程的第二集。
On the next episode, travelers flock to Hawaii on luxury steamships, lured by novelties like surfing, hula dances and flowery shirts. Tourism transforms the islands, but further marginalizes native Hawaiians, and the US military expands its presence with deadly results.
在下一集节目中，旅行者们搭乘豪华的轮船前往夏威夷，被冲浪、呼啦舞和花衬衫等新奇事物所吸引。旅游业改变了这些岛屿，但也进一步边缘化了夏威夷土著人，并且美国军方的扩张行动带来了致命的后果。
Hey prime members, you can listen to American history tellers add free on Amazon music, download the Amazon music app today, or you can listen ad-free with 1D plus and Apple podcasts. Before you go, tell us about yourself by completing a short survey at 1D.com/survey.
嘿，亲爱的Prime会员们，你们可以在亚马逊音乐上免费收听美国历史讲述者哦。只需今天下载亚马逊音乐应用程序，或开通1D Plus和苹果播客，就能免广告畅听。在你离开之前，别忘了完成一个简短的调查，告诉我们更多关于你自己的信息，在1D.com/survey上找到。
If you'd like to learn more about James Dull and the pineapple industry, we recommend the story of James Dull by Richard Dull and Elizabeth Dull Portius and a pineapple republic by David Oglesby and Joy Ogawa.
如果你想了解更多关于詹姆斯·道尔和菠萝产业的信息，我们建议阅读 Richard Dull 和 Elizabeth Dull Portius 的《詹姆斯·道尔的故事》以及 David Oglesby 和 Joy Ogawa 的《菠萝共和国》。
American history tellers is hosted, edited and produced by me Lindsey Graham for Airship, audio editing by Christian Paraga, Sound Design by Molly Bogg, Music by Lindsey Graham.
《美国历史讲述家》节目是由我林赛·格雷厄姆主持、编辑和制作，为Airship出品。音频编辑由基斯蒂安·帕拉加完成，音效设计由莫莉·博格负责，音乐由林赛·格雷厄姆创作。
This episode is written by Neil Thompson, edited by Dorian Marina, produced by Alita Rizansky, our production coordinator is Desi Blaylock, managing producer is Matt Gantt, senior managing producer Tarnjith Thigpen, senior producer Andy Herman.
这一集是由尼尔·汤普森编写，多利安·马里纳进行编辑，艾丽塔·里赞斯基进行制作，我们的制作协调员是德西·布莱洛克，总制片人是马特·甘特，高级总制片人是塔恩吉斯·蒂普金，高级制片人是安迪·赫尔曼。
Package producers are Jenny Lauer Beckman and Marsha Louis for Wondering.
Wondering 的制片人是珍妮·劳尔·贝克曼和玛莎·路易斯。