Why Are Floating Wind Turbines So Huge?
发布时间 2023-04-25 12:16:46 来源
This video is brought to you by Factor. With the recent news of China producing one of the largest wind turbines yet, with a rotor diameter of 260 meters and a rating of 18 megawatts, it got me wondering why they're so big. They're almost defying imagination at this point. The bigger is always better in the world of wind.
本视频由Factor带来。最近，中国生产了一台叶轮直径达到260米，额定功率为18兆瓦的大型风力涡轮机的消息让我想知道它们为什么这么大。它们几乎让人难以想象。在风能领域，越大越好。
The reason is simple, we can harness more wind with bigger rotors to produce more energy, but on short turbines have their limits. To meet these challenges, engineers have been moving offshore. However, we only have so much coast to work with and the most powerful winds are in the open ocean, where the water is much, much deeper. What if we could push the boundaries even further?
原因很简单，我们可以用更大的叶片捕获更多的风来发电，但短型风力发电机有其局限性。为了应对这些挑战，工程师已经开始转向离岸风电。然而，我们可以利用的海岸线有限，而最强劲的风在水深更深的公海上。如果我们能将边界进一步推进呢？
The wind industry is currently doing just that, which is why floating wind turbines are suddenly so huge. By sending these skyscraper sized floating structures out to sea, we can take advantage of faster, more consistent wind. That's still leaves some big questions though. So let's address the elephant, or maybe the turbine in the room. Fire floating wind turbines gigantic in the first place, and can the scale of floating wind be practical to meet the planet's energy needs? Is floating wind overblown?
风力行业当前正在做的就是让海上浮动式风力涡轮机变得如此巨大。通过将这些高楼大厦大小的浮动结构送到海上，我们可以利用更快、更一致的风力。不过仍有一些重要问题需要解决。我们来谈谈大象(或者说题目中所指的涡轮机)在房间里的问题。首先，为什么要让浮动式风力涡轮机变得巨大？其次，浮动式风力是否可行，能否满足地球能源需求？浮动式风力是否被夸大了？
I'm Met Farrell. Welcome to Undecided. Despite how fantastical the concept of floating wind might seem, offshore wind turbines are going through quite the growth spread. Earlier this year, the Danish company Vestis swept away the competition with its prototype offshore turbine, the V236-15 Megawatt, a name that rolls right off the tongue. It's now the tallest turbine in the world.
我是Met Farrell。欢迎来到“未决之事”。尽管浮动式风能概念似乎很梦幻，但离岸风力涡轮机已经有了相当大的发展。今年早些时候，丹麦公司Vestis以其原型离岸涡轮机V236-15兆瓦扫除了竞争对手，这个名字非常流畅。它现在是世界上最高的涡轮机。
For comparison, here's the 300 meter or 984 foot tall Eiffel Tower, and here's the V236 turbine at 280 meters or 919 feet. These bursting advances come as the world grows big on big turbines, and the rationale for them all comes down to math.
为了比较，这是300米或984英尺高的埃菲尔铁塔，这是280米或919英尺的V236涡轮机。这些迅猛的进步出现在世界上越来越多的大型涡轮机上，而所有这些的理论基础都在于数学计算。
Before we describe how these behemoths can be buoyant, we have to establish how large these things actually are. And to help wrap your head around the size, we'll begin with the closest reference that we all have ourselves. The average human height across the globe is roughly 5 feet 5 inches or about 1.7 meters. Once the rebuilding is about 4.3 meters tall, the Nord, a Dutch national monument, is the tallest traditional windmill in the world and a restaurant, and it stands 33.3 meters.
在我们讲解这些庞然大物如何能够浮起来之前，我们必须确定它们到底有多大。为了让大家更好地理解其尺寸，我们将从我们身边最为接近的参照物开始。全球平均人类身高约为5英尺5英寸，大约1.7米高。而一座荷兰国家纪念碑，名为“Nord”，是世界上最高的传统风车和一家餐厅，高达33.3米，相当于大约4.3 米的楼房高度。
Zoom out from grinding flour to generating power, and you'll see how turbines have advanced from landscape to landmark. Since the turn of the century, US-based turbines have increased in hub height from the ground to the middle of the rotor by about 66%. And consequently, as of 2021, the average US-based wind turbine is 94 meters or 308 feet tall, or slightly above the height of the Statue of Liberty's Torch. Donkey Hote wouldn't have stood a chance.
从磨面粉到发电，你可以放大视角看到涡轮机的发展从风景变成地标。自本世纪初以来，美国的涡轮机从地面到转子中心的轮毂高度增加约66%。因此，到2021年为止，美国的平均风力涡轮机高度为94米或308英尺，略高于自由女神像的火炬高度。唐·吉诃德将没有机会。
Now, here's where it starts to kick into high gear. Maximizing wind's potential requires that we blow up the size of turbines even more, for many countries, hitting clean energy targets also means hitting the beach, but to build turbines, not sandcassels.
现在，这是加速发展的开始。要充分利用风力的潜能，我们需要将风力涡轮机的尺寸再次扩大。对于许多国家来说，实现清洁能源目标也意味着在海滩上建造风力涡轮机，而不是沙堡。
Now, scoring big air is easier when you have fewer obstacles in your way. Enter offshore wind, which refers to two types of tech. There's the fixed bottom turbines that you'd spot in the shallows, like the continental shelf in the North Sea, and the floating towers and waters more than 60 meters or 197 feet deep. And yes, they float, but more on how that works later.
现在，当你的路上没有太多障碍时，取得大型空中得分会更容易。离岸风力发电技术提供了帮助。它指的是两种不同的技术。一种是固定底座的涡轮机，你可以在浅滩中发现，例如北海的大陆架，另一种是漂浮在超过60米或197英尺深的水域中的浮动塔。没错，它们是漂浮的，但关于它们的工作原理，稍后我们在谈。
Recently, the China State Shipbuilding Corporation, or CSSC, announced its undertaking one of the most massive turbines yet, the H-268 Megawatt. With a rotor diameter that spans 260 meters or 853 feet, its swept area comes out to 53,000 square meters, or slightly over 570,000 square feet. That's the equivalent to about 10 American football fields. You're probably wondering why go to such extremes? Wouldn't it be easier to station smaller, easier to handle turbines in larger groups than the other way around?
最近，中国船舶工业集团有限公司（CSSC）宣布着手制造最大的涡轮机之一，即H-268兆瓦涡轮机。它的转子直径为260米或853英尺，扫描面积达到53,000平方米，稍微超过570,000平方英尺。这相当于约10个美式足球场的面积。你可能想知道为什么要这么做？使用更小、易于处理的涡轮机不是更容易站在更大的组中而不是相反吗？
Well, the answer lies in wind energy's non-linear growth rate. You can't chart the effects of tweaking turbine measurements in a straight line. That's because slight increments cause big jumps in productivity. Mathematically, the power equation for a wind turbine shows the super-linear growth as the available mechanical power is equal to half the air density multiplied by the wind velocity cubed and the radius squared. If that's quick to you, look at this to me, don't worry.
那么，答案在于风能的非线性增长率。你不能用直线来绘制调整涡轮测量的影响。这是因为微小的增量会导致生产力大幅跳升。数学上，风力涡轮的功率方程表明，可用机械功率等于空气密度的一半乘以风速的立方和半径的平方，呈超线性增长。如果这对您来说太快了，那就别担心了。
The gist of this is that as you broaden the radius of a turbine, you can generate greater factors of power. Let's use the CSSC's record-breaking rotor as an example. Their 2017 wind turbine started at a radius of 85.5 meters. In just 5 years, they've been able to improve the efficiencies of all the power and mechanical components, as well as increasing the radius to 130 meters, upgrading its capacity from 5 megawatts to 18 megawatts.
这段话的意思是随着涡轮机半径的扩大，可以产生更大的功率。我们以中国船舶的纪录-突破性的轮毂为例。他们2017年研发的风力涡轮机的半径为85.5米。在接下来的五年时间里，他们成功提高了机械和电力部分的效率，并将其半径扩大到了130米，功率从5兆瓦提高至18兆瓦。
The power equation also explains the necessity of continuously elevating the turbine's height. Generally, as you head higher into the sky, the wind speeds up. The faster the wind that you're working with, the more power that you can generate. This is especially crucial because wind velocity and mechanical power equation is cubed. If you double the wind speed, you'll octople the energy output. Even a tiny shift in wind speed can propel super-linear gains.
这个动力方程式也解释了不断提高涡轮高度的必要性。一般来说，当你越往天空高处走，风速就会加快。你所接触到的风速越快，你就能产生更多的动力。这尤其重要，因为风速和机械动力方程成立方。如果你将风速加倍，你将会得到八倍的能量输出。即便是微小的风速变化也能带来超线性的增益。
The turbine, spinning in a 6.7 meters per second or 15-mile per hour wind, can generate twice as much energy as another that's in a 5.4 meters per second 12-mile per hour wind. With numbers like that, setting up floating wind turbine platforms deeper into the ocean where wind speeds are generally higher starts to make more sense. But just how much more sense? Well, before I get to that, I need to talk about something else that might make a lot of sense to many of you, and did for me, that's today's sponsor, Factor.
在每秒6.7米或每小时15英里的风速下旋转的涡轮机，可以产生比在每秒5.4米或每小时12英里的风速下旋转的涡轮机多两倍的能量。有了这样的数字,在海洋更深的地方设置漂浮风力涡轮平台将变得更有意义。但是，它的意义有多大呢？在此之前，我需要谈论一些对大多数人很有道理的事情，对我来说也是如此，那就是今天的赞助商Factor。
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大约从去年夏天开始，我陷入了一个糟糕的习惯，工作时间长得不可思议，没时间做健康且富有营养的饭菜。我真的没有时间，这影响了我的精力和专注力。后来我偶然发现了 Factor，并尝试了一下，完全独立于此次赞助之外。但这种情况从去年9月开始就一直持续了，我发现，吃更富有营养且由厨师准备、营养师批准的饭菜产生了影响，让我更健康。
I feel better about what I'm eating, and they're absolutely delicious. They have over 34 weekly options to choose from, so there's always something new to try. But if God would admit, my favorite is the peanut bootable. That's absolutely killer. But what's also great is that Factor offsets 100% of their delivery emissions, they source 100% renewable electricity for their production sites and offices, and have sustainably sourced seafood. No prep, no mess, never frozen, and ready in just 2 minutes. Factor is now owned by HelloFresh, and I love switching between the brands, and now you can too. Head to Factor75.com or click the link below and use the code Undecided50 to get 50% off your first Factor box. It's Factor75.com and the code Undecided50. Thanks to Factor and to all of you for supporting the channel.
我对自己吃的东西感觉好多了，而且它们绝对美味。他们有超过34种每周选项可供选择，所以总会有新的东西可以尝试。但如果上帝来承认，我的最爱是花生可颂。那绝对是杀手级别的美味。但更棒的是，Factor抵消了100%的配送排放量，为他们的生产场所和办公室提供100%可再生电力，并采用可持续捕捞的海产品。无需准备，不弄脏，不冷冻，只需2分钟即可食用。Factor现已归HelloFresh所有，我很喜欢在这两个品牌之间切换，现在你也可以。请前往Factor75.com或点击下面的链接，使用代码Undecided50即可获得首个Factor盒的50%折扣。这是Factor75.com和代码Undecided50。感谢Factor和所有支持本频道的观众。
So back to making sense of floating wind turbines. At the world's first commercial floating wind farm, Highwinds Scotland, each of its five semen's turbines managed to stay stable with a tower head mass of around 350 tons, a top of sparbowi with roughly 6,060 tons of ballast. In waters that are 95 to 120 meters deep, which is about 311 to 393 feet for us Americans, and these babies surf the waves at a hub height of 98 meters or 322 feet. And these proportions sound pretty, well, quicksotic. But the results are very real.
回到浮动风力涡轮机的意义中来。在世界上第一个商业浮动风电场——Highwinds Scotland，每个浮动风力涡轮机都能够保持稳定，其塔头质量约为350吨，顶部有大约6,060吨的压载舱。在水深95到120米的水域中，这相当于美国的311到393英尺，这些涡轮机在98米（322英尺）的轮毂高度上漂浮着。这些比例听起来相当异想天开，但结果是非常真实的。
When you widen the turbine swept area, you enable it to capture more wind and generate more power, and one gargantuan turbine can do the job of many. Take the Hallyad X, manufactured by the US-based company General Electric. It can provide enough energy for a UK household for two days with one rotation. I'm sure it's 220 meter rotor and max height of 260 meters might have something to do with that.
当你扩大涡轮机的扫描面积时，你就能够捕捉更多的风力并且产生更多的能量，一个巨大的涡轮机可以替代多个小型的涡轮机。以美国通用电气公司生产的哈利亚德X为例，它的转动可以为英国一户家庭提供两天的能源。我相信它超过220米的转子以及高达260米的最大高度与此有关。
And to put those numbers in perspective, the largest passenger plane, the Airbus A380, flies with a wingspan of 80 meters. And offshore wind isn't just skyrocketing in size, it's shooting up in popularity as well. According to the German technology company Siemens, 2021 saw global offshore wind capacity expand by a record 18 gigawatts. That brings us to about 51 gigawatts of collective capacity in total.
为了更好地了解这些数字，目前最大的客机——空中客车A380的翼展为80米。而离岸风电不仅在规模上节节攀升，而且越来越受欢迎。据德国科技公司西门子统计，截至2021年，全球离岸风电容量创下了18吉瓦特的历史记录。这使得全球离岸风电的总容量达到了约51吉瓦特。
So why offshore? Well, location, location, location. Wind speeds are higher and more uniform off the shore than on land. On top of this, we usually like to settle down relatively close to the coast. And according to the United Nations, about 40% of people around the world live within 100 kilometers or 60 miles of the sea. And the US's case, the majority of the population is concentrated in the states that border either the ocean or the Great Lakes. As a result, almost 80% of the country's electricity demand stems from these areas. This makes offshore wind particularly convenient because their proximity allows for shorter transmission lines.
为什么要选择海上风电呢？因为地理位置十分重要。海上的风速比陆地上更高，而且更为均匀。我们通常喜欢在靠近海岸的地方安家落户。根据联合国的数据，全球约有40%的人口居住在距离海岸线100公里或60英里之内的地区。对于美国来说，人口大多数分布在沿海或五大湖沿岸的州。因此，近80%的国家电力需求来自这些地区。这使得海上风电特别方便，因为它们的距离更近，可以使用更短的输电线路。
Another advantage of offshore turbines is that in the US, winds available on land tend to strengthen at night when consumer demand is low. Offshore wind projects can strategically place seaside turbines or wind speeds peak during the afternoon and evening right alongside demand. Offshore wind also helps to avoid wind shadow. That's the type of drag that reduces the speed and the amount of energy that's captured.
离岸风力涡轮机的另一个优点是，美国的陆地上的风往往在夜间增强，而此时消费者需求较低。离岸风电项目可以在海边战略性地放置涡轮机，使之在下午和晚上风速最高时，与需求并行。离岸风力还有助于避免风阴影。这种阻力会降低涡轮机的速度和捕获的能量量。
Each time you add another turbine close to another one, sailors actually have a term for this phenomenon too called bad or dirty air. Getting caught downwind of another boat reduces your own vessel's power slowing you down. And just as wakes trail behind boats as they zip through the water, the wakes of the turbines ripple through the air. According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, this can disrupt wind farm production, reducing its potential energy by about 10%.
每次在靠近另一个风力涡轮机的地方增加另一个风力涡轮机时，水手们实际上还有一个术语来形容这种现象，叫做“坏风”或“脏风”。被另一艘船的下风所困会减少自己船只的动力，使你减速。就像船只在水中飞驰时会留下尾波一样，涡轮机的尾波也会在空气中波动。根据国家可再生能源实验室的数据，这会干扰风力发电场的生产，使其潜在能量降低约10%。
Developers on the ground do their best to circumvent this effect by spacing out the turbines, which means covering more land. But with the vast expanses of the ocean that are disposal, combined with the colossal turbine sizes that can do more work in smaller groups, offshore wind can easily steer clear of this problem.
实际工作中的开发人员尽力通过将风力涡轮机之间的间距加大来避免这种情况，这意味着需要占用更多的土地。但是海洋的广阔空间加上能够在更小的群组内完成更多工作的巨大风力涡轮机大小，意味着海上风力发电可以轻松避免这个问题。
Overall, seafaring turbines have a significant edge over their land-loving counterparts, and offshore wind can certainly make for quite the catch. The US Department of Energy estimates that just 1% of offshore winds potential could power nearly 6.5 million homes. In a 2019 report, the International Energy Agency estimated that the technical potential of turbines deployed in less than 16 meters of water is 36,000 tW per year. That's more than enough for all of us, considering the global electricity demand is about 23,000 tW per year.
总的来说，海上风力涡轮机优于陆地风力涡轮机，离岸风能确实可以成为一笔了不起的收获。美国能源部估计，仅1%的离岸风能潜力就可以为近650万户家庭供电。根据国际能源署2019年的一份报告，部署在水深不到16米的涡轮机的技术潜力每年可达36,000万t瓦。考虑到全球电力需求约为23,000万t瓦，这个数量足够我们使用了。
But fixed bottom turbines can only go so far. Shallah water isn't distributed evenly around the world, and some locations are already fully booked or inaccessible. Beachfront property has never had a reputation for being easy to obtain. About 80% of offshore wind resources circulate in the water's deeper than 60 meters anyway. For example, the west coast of the US doesn't have much of a continental shelf to work with.
但是固定底部的涡轮机能够达到的范围有限。沙拉水并没有均匀分布在全球各地，有些地方已经被预订或难以进入。海滨房地产一直不是容易获得的。大约80%的海上风能资源在水深60米以上的地方循环。例如，美国西海岸没有太多的大陆架可以使用。
In California, once you go offshore, you quickly run into waters over 1,000 meters deep. The powerful wind that we want also lies above deep water off the coastlines of places like the Great Lakes, Japan, and the Mediterranean Sea, where a fixed bottom is infeasible floating as the way to go, and making use of these areas would be no small feat.
在加利福尼亚，一旦你走向海域，很快就会遇到超过1,000米深度的水。我们所需要的强风也位于像大湖，日本和地中海沿岸的深海水域，这些地方固定底座无法实现，浮动是唯一的方法，利用这些区域不仅需要艰苦奋斗，还需要不小的技术。
The international energy agency also calculated that floating turbines can produce enough electricity for the entire world 11 times over in 2040. So how do we get there? Well, with boats. That's a major benefit of floating turbines, assembly and a port rather than out in the ocean itself. The specialized vehicles needed to install fixed bottom turbines like jack up and dynamic positioning vessels are both expensive and hard to come by. But with floating turbines, once constructed, workers can just tow them where they need to be rather than struggle with insulation on site.
国际能源机构还计算出，到2040年，浮动式风力涡轮机能够为全球提供足够的电力，相当于11倍于目前的能源需求。那么，我们如何实现这一目标呢？答案是利用船只。浮动式涡轮机的一个重要优势是可以在港口组装并运往海洋，而不需要安装在海洋中，这可以大大减轻专门安装固定底部涡轮机所需的设备和人力成本。专门用于安装固定底部涡轮机的设备，如升降和动态定位船只，既昂贵又难以得到。但是，对于浮动式涡轮机来说，一旦制造完成，工人们可以将它们牵引到需要的地方，而不必在现场苦苦安装。
Boats also underpin the physics behind how turbines taller than the world's wonders can defy gravity. The same principles that make the operation of oil tankers possible apply to floating wind as well. In fact, the oil and gas industries' nautical experience is exactly what floating turbines rely on. Some iterations of floating turbines stand atop spar buoys, just like the ones that have supported offshore drilling for decades. And that's why it's no surprise that the Norwegian Petroleum Company Equinor founded Highwind Scotland in 2017 using its own spar buoy designs. It wasn't exactly navigating unfamiliar waters.
船只也是支撑高于世界七大奇迹的涡轮机无需重力的物理学基础。使油轮运行的原理同样适用于浮动风力发电。事实上，石油和天然气行业的航海经验正是浮动涡轮所依赖的。浮动涡轮的某些版本位于浮标支撑物上，就像几十年来支持海上钻井的浮标一样。这就是为什么挪威石油公司Equinor于2017年创立Highwind Scotland，使用自己的浮标设计，也不难理解为什么他们始终游刃有余。
Whether the offshore wind industry can stay afloat is another question. Like with most emerging technologies, the cost of floating wind turbines is steep. The infrastructure needed to mass produce them doesn't exist yet, and most projects are only just now getting started. According to a September 2022 White House brief, globally only 0.1 gigawatt of floating offshore wind has been deployed to date, compared with over 50 gigawatts of fixed bottom offshore wind.
海上风电产业能否继续发展是另一个问题。与大多数新兴技术一样，浮动风力涡轮机的成本很高。目前还没有大规模生产它们所需的基础设施，大多数项目现在才刚刚开始。根据2022年9月白宫简报，全球仅部署了0.1千兆瓦的浮动离岸风能，而固定底部离岸风能已经超过50千兆瓦。
Advocates for floating wind argue that industrialization is key to driving down the costs. For right now though, floating wind turbines need about double the funding of fixed bottom ones. According to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory, expenses related to the turbines themselves are identical. It's the installation and increased amount of material needed for the foundations that jack up prices.
支持浮式风力发电的人认为，产业化是降低成本的关键。但就目前而言，浮式风力涡轮机需要比固定底部涡轮机多约一倍的资金支持。根据国家可再生能源实验室的数据，涡轮机本身的费用是相同的。但是，安装的费用和需要更多地基材料的费用使成本增加。
The Department of Energy estimates that turbines without sea legs cost about $30 per megawatt hour and fixed bottom wind turbines cost about $80. Meanwhile, floating wind hovers around $200 per megawatt hour. Plus the monstrous submarine cables connected to the floating turbines aren't just far from land, they're far from cheap.
能源部门估计，没有海脚的涡轮每兆瓦时约30美元，固定底部的风力涡轮每兆瓦时约80美元。与此同时，浮动风力发电每兆瓦时大约需要200美元。此外，连接浮动涡轮的巨大潜水电缆不仅离岸远，而且价格不菲。
As you can imagine, bearing an electrical cable into the sea floor requires a boat load of insulation and meticulous engineering. I've actually touched on how astronomically expensive these networks of thick cords can get in a previous video about macro versus micro grids. Now with all that in mind, I guess you could say it's much harder for floating wind developers to keep from blowing the budget.
正如你可以想象的那样，将电缆埋入海床需要大量的绝缘和精细的工程设计。我在之前关于宏电网和微电网的视频中已经提到了这些厚电缆的网络可以变得非常昂贵。现在在这个前提下，我认为你可以说浮动风电开发商更难控制预算。
The environmental impacts of floating turbines are another prominent concern. Oceanographers haven't yet established a concrete base of repercussions of all those concrete bases on marine ecology. We do know that offshore wind farms can act as artificial reefs that attract sea life, but whether this causes a negative ripple effect is unclear.
浮式风力涡轮机的环境影响是另一个突出的关注点。海洋学家们尚未建立所有混凝土基础对海洋生态的影响的具体基础。我们知道，离岸风力发电场可以作为人工礁石来吸引海洋生物，但这是否会导致负面的连锁反应尚不清楚。
Researchers from the US National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration do note that potential consequences include the introduction of noise pollution, electromagnetic fields that can disrupt the behavior of aquatic animals, and increased vessel traffic, which might mean increased vessel strikes. It's also difficult to determine how dangerous turbines are for birds in general, especially between species.
来自美国国家海洋和大气管理局的研究人员指出，水下风力涡轮可能带来的潜在后果包括引入噪音污染、电磁场可能干扰水生动物的行为，以及增加的船只交通量，这可能意味着船只碰撞的风险增加。此外，很难确定风力涡轮对各种鸟类是否具有危险性。
The mystery won't last forever though. There are promising ways to mitigate those effects. But if one thing's for certain, it's that the theoretical possibilities offered by floating wind are nothing to blow off.
这个谜团不会永远存在，因为有很多有希望的方法可以缓解这些影响。但是有一件事情是可以肯定的，那就是浮式风力的理论可能性绝不容忽视。
The Vestus V23615 Megawatt is currently installed in the Israel Test Center in Western Jutland, Denmark. A single turbine can produce 80 gigawatt hours per year or enough to power about 20,000 European households. If just one of these turbines can power tens of thousands of homes, then what can we achieve by moving from handfuls to hundreds?
目前，Vestus V23615兆瓦型号的风力发电机已经安装在丹麦日德兰省的以色列测试中心。一台风力发电机每年可以产生80亿瓦时的电量，足以为大约2万个欧洲家庭供电。如果仅仅一台风力发电机就可以为数万个家庭提供电力，那么如果从一些手把手变为数百台，我们又能取得什么成就呢？
So does floating offshore wind blow you away? Or has all this turbine talk left you feeling winded? Comment below. Let me know. Be sure to check out my follow-up podcast still to be determined while we discuss some of your feedback and thanks to all my patrons who get ad-free versions of every video and thanks to all of you for watching and commenting. I'll see you in the next one.
浮动海上风力发电是不是让你感到震撼？或者所有这些对涡轮机的讨论是否让你喘不过气来？请在评论区留言，让我知道你的想法。别忘了关注我的后续播客，我们将讨论一些你们的反馈，并感谢所有获得无广告视频的赞助人，以及感谢你们的观看和评论。我们下次再见。