Lucid Air Rear Motor - Does Size Matter?
发布时间 2023-05-03 14:15:02 来源
Welcome back to Monroe Live, everybody. Today we have the Lucid Air Rear Drive Unit and we have Walker with us. This is the first time you've been in a video. You've been at Monroe and Associates for a couple years now, right? And you're one of our rising engineering stars. So we're going to run through what you found.
大家好，欢迎回到蒙罗现场。今天我们有卢西德气动后驱动装置，并且我们有沃克同行与我们在一起。这是你第一次出镜。你已经在蒙罗公司工作了几年，对吧？而且你是我们崛起的工程明星之一。所以我们将会看一看你的发现。
A lot of the intricacies that we see on the table and let's hop right in. So where are we going to start with maybe one of the planetary sets, maybe the general layout? Sure. Those do general layout.
让我们直接开始探讨餐桌上许多细节，我们从哪里开始呢？也许从行星系列之一开始？或者是从总体布局开始？好的，我们来探讨总体布局吧。
Okay. So we have a shaft over here and I'll roll this this way. And this is right in the center of the unit and explain how the laminates for the rotor are sleeved on here, explain where the little differential is. Actually, I'll check that. So we have this tiny little differential in the center, correct? And it interfaces with the center of the shaft with these small pins. There's four pins and you see how it slides in here.
好的，我们在这里有一个轴，我会往这边滚。这是整个装置的中心位置，我会解释转子的层压板是如何套在这里的，以及小差速器放在哪里。实际上，我会再确认一下。所以我们在中心位置有这个非常小的差速器，对吗？它与轴中心通过这些小销子相互连接。有四个销子，你能看到它是如何滑入这里的。
But in order to actually assemble it, we have this like loosely bolted together just to show how it works. But what's unique for the Lucid is that this is in the center and oftentimes when there's a planetary set in an electric drive motor, they'll put the differential in the planetary set and then they'll have a shaft that runs inside up here. They're not doing that.
要想真正组装它，我们现在只是把它松散地螺栓在一起，以展示它的工作原理。但是，Lucid的独特之处在于这个装置是在中心位置的。通常来说，在电动驱动电机中，行星组件中有一个差速器，然后在里面安装一个轴。但他们不是这样做的。
They're sending the power from the stator to the rotor. They're spinning the rotor. The pins spin the center of this and if the wheels are moving in the same speed, this thing stays essentially locked. And as you go around the corner, one spins slightly faster than the other and it rotates. And then it's going to interface with the sun gear of the planetary set right here.
他们将电力从定子传输到转子。他们正在旋转转子。销钉旋转这个中心，如果车轮以相同的速度运动，这个东西基本上会锁定。当你绕过转角时，一个轮子会比另一个稍微快一点，然后它就会转动。然后它将与行星组的太阳齿轮接口。
Exactly. Yeah, so they're placing their differential pre-gear reduction, which is one of the reasons that we see it so small here for those. Now why is that the torque demands are a lot less? Because you're not seeing the torque at the wheels. You're seeing the torque at the motor before the gear reduction.
没错。是的，所以他们将差速器前齿轮减速器放置在这些齿轮上，这也是为什么我们看到它们的尺寸如此之小的原因之一。那为什么扭矩需求要小得多呢？因为你没有看到轮子上的扭矩。你看到的是在齿轮减速之前电机的扭矩。
Exactly. Yeah, they're running this at motor speed, not output speed. So this is seen far less torque than it would after it goes through this planetary set, which is a seven to one gear reduction. So the overall load that this sees is far less than that that we would see on like a Tesla, which we could bring over here. Additionally, they have four pinion gears as opposed to just two that we would typically see.
没错，是的，他们在电机速度下运行，而不是输出速度下运行。因此，它所承受的扭矩要比通过七比一的行星齿轮组后承受的扭矩小得多。因此，这个系统承受的总负荷要比我们在像特斯拉这样的系统中看到的负荷小得多，我们可以把特斯拉带到这里来。此外，他们用的是四个小齿轮，而不是我们通常看到的两个齿轮。
Oh yeah, cool. And then we have one of the planetary sets kind of taken apart here. So you have the sun gear and then you have three planets and then they react to a ring gear. Is that correct? Yes. And then as the carrier spins, this would be wheel speed.
哦，太棒了。然后我们这里有一个行星齿轮的集合体，有太阳齿轮和三个行星齿轮，它们与一个环形齿轮相互作用。对吗？是的。随着承载轴心旋转，这将会有轮速产生。
Exactly. So the speed of the carrier is wheel speed. And one thing I noticed that was kind of different is the OD of the seal, sealing surface and the bearing surface. And we have the seal actually installed on this one. Now we were talking about this the other day. This is going to be a higher speed, right? So the further out you are, the higher the speed is.
确实是这样的。搬运工具的速度就是轮速。我还注意到一个有点不同的事情就是密封圈的外径、密封面和轴承面。现在我们实际上已经将密封圈安装了。我们前几天在谈论这个，这将是一个更高的速度对吧？所以你越往外，速度就越高。
So it would be kind of interesting to see if they have any service issues with this, you know, late in life. But typically you want these seals. This is a pretty standard design. It's what I see on like the slipy oak of a transfer case. I had a 2500 diesel truck along in another life. And it was slightly smaller than this, but it was pretty much the exact same design.
如果他们在晚年遇到了任何服务问题，那将会非常有趣，但通常你需要这些密封件。这是一个相当标准的设计，就像我在变速箱传动箱上看到的那样。我曾经拥有一辆2500柴油卡车，它比这个略小一些，但基本上是完全相同的设计。
But what's really nice about this drive unit is that it's centered. So you have the motor in the middle. You have two identical planetary sets, one on each side. So this planetary set is only taking the power of half of the motor, right? So one of the wheels. And if you think of a Rivian, which has a quad motor, they'll have one motor driving. Do they have a planetary set? Do they have offset gear? Rivian was using offset at the bottom. So they have one set of gear train handling all the power from one motor and then another motor driving the other.
这个驱动单元最棒的地方就在于它是居中的。电机位于中间，两侧各有一个相同的行星齿轮组。所以这个行星齿轮组只需要承担一半电机的动力，对应一个车轮。而如果考虑到 Rivian 这个四轮驱动车型，他们只需要一个电机传动力量，是不是也采用了行星齿轮组呢？或者采用偏移齿轮？实际上，Rivian 在底部采用的是偏移齿轮，因此只有一个齿轮组负责承担一个电机所有的动力，而另一个电机则驱动另一侧车轮。
This, it's really refined. And I know that Peter Robinson, they did that really nice video. And they talked about how dense this thing is. And it's so small. And it's quite amazing that they're able to get this much horsepower in this unit.
这个东西真的很精致。我知道彼得·罗宾逊他们做了一个非常好的视频。他们谈到了这个东西的密度有多高。而且它非常小巧。难以置信的是，他们能够在这个单元中获得这么多的马力。
So it's 669 horsepower. Yeah, it's capable up to 669 horsepower. This particular vehicle had a front, in rear, drive unit. But yeah, a lot of people walked by this one that was coming apart. And I think that was the first thing everyone said was just looking at the size and knowing the performance characteristics of the vehicles to see something that's small was pretty impressive.
这辆车可以提供669马力。是的，它最高可以提供669马力。这辆车有前置和后置驱动单元。但是，许多人看到这辆车时都没有多少注意，因为它看起来有些简陋。我认为，每个人看到它的第一反应都是惊讶于它小巧的外形和性能特点。
Talk about the magnets. What did you see on the magnets? Yeah, so the magnets themselves. So the rotor, you can see there has key ways. So this slots over the rotor shaft after the differential is installed.
谈谈磁铁。你在磁铁上看到了什么？是的，关于磁铁本身，你可以看到转子上有凸键。在差动安装后，它会插入转子轴的凹槽中。
So they have two of these laminate stacks with magnets. You can see that there's epoxy down the magnet slots to hold these in place. And these are actually segmented magnets. So the original Tesla has utilized these segmented magnets as opposed to they have since transitioned to just one piece magnets. The segmented magnets, you have some efficiency benefits of not having the eddy current losses. So there might be some marginal efficiency benefits to doing this.
所以他们有两个带磁铁的层压板堆叠。您可以看到在磁铁槽下有环氧树脂来固定这些东西。这些实际上是分段磁铁。所以原始的特斯拉使用了这些分段磁铁，而不是他们后来转向的单一磁铁。使用分段磁铁，可以避免涡流损失，并且可能会有一些边际效率的好处。
But overall, it's a pretty simple rotor design. There's two of these laminate stacks that get slotted over the rotor shaft. Yeah, right here. You can see the slot. Then they use some die cast end caps to cap off either end of these. And it's actually a pin assembly. So due to kind of the nature of how this gets built up with the diff having to be installed first, they actually have this be able to build up as a sub assembly separate from the rotor shaft using those die cast end caps.
总的来说，这个转子的设计相当简单。有两个层叠板块可以插进转子轴上。是在这里，你可以看到插槽的位置。然后使用一些压铸端盖封住这两端。实际上，这是一个销轴组装。因为这个零件的建造过程具有一定的特性，必须先安装差速器，所以他们实际上可以使用这些压铸封端件将其作为一个子装配体分别离开转子轴建立起来。
We can bring over. Yeah. The idea behind why the shaft itself had these broach marks. And it looked like little broach marks. Do you know why that is? Is that for the electrical conductivity doesn't go down here? Why is that? Do you know? We don't have any definitive reason. Overall, I think it's just going to help them have some retention on these. You can see this isn't a neural surface per se, but overall, this splined fitting is definitely going to provide some additional securing of the rotor stack.
我们可以把它搬过来。对啊，为什么轴心上有这些切削痕迹。看起来像小切削痕迹。你知道这是为什么吗？这是为了让电导性不会下降吗？为什么会这样？你知道吗？我们没有确切的原因。总的来说，我认为这只是能帮助它们在保持轴心上的一些稳定性。你可以看到这不是神经表面，但总的来说，这个齿轮配合肯定会提供额外的转子堆固定。
And the end caps, these are aluminum and they're common. Besides the drilling they do for the rotor. Yeah, which so after the entire thing is assembled with the differential and then they would do this additional machining afterwards to just ensure that the overall rotor assembly is perfectly balanced. Yeah. And then here for a position of the rotor, you have a pretty standard, was this a resolver one? But the target ring is really kind of unique. It's integrated into the shaft. Yeah.
末端帽是铝制品，非常常见。它们除了为转子进行钻孔外，还需在整个配备差速器后进行额外的加工，以确保整个转子组件完美平衡。此外，在转子位置上，我们有一个相当标准的方位器吧？但是目标环真的很独特，它直接集成到轴中。
We've never seen anything quite like that. Yeah. So, based on the shape of this, this is how they're figuring out what position the rotor is in. It's kind of unique that it's not a separate part. If we walk over here, Eric will actually show you what these target rings look like on a couple of other motors. So we have a rivion shaft right here, a modelless plaid, sorry. The modelless plaid, you see it's a similar shape. It's like this trilobal shape. And this target ring is made up of a stack of thin laminates.
我们从未见过这样的东西。基于这个形状，他们正在推断转子的位置。它非常独特，因为它不是单独的零件。如果我们走到那边，Eric将向您展示其他几个电机上的这些目标环看起来像什么。这里有一根rivion轴，一个modelless plaid，很抱歉。你看到它是类似的形状。它像这个三叶形状。这个目标环由一堆薄层板组成。
And then on the rivion, you have this quad lube on the end, much smaller. So from a material perspective, this is pretty small and here's another example of one. You know what this is? Up the lightning. Up the lightning. So, it's very common for them to use these stack laminates. So seeing it integrated as a piece of, as a part of the machining of the shaft, it really reduces part count, but not necessarily weight because the rivion with this little tiny target ring there, that's kind of probably your lowest weight right there.
在rivion上，你会看到这个末端有一个很小的四重润滑。 从材料的角度来看，这很小，这里有另一个例子。 你知道这是什么吗？上升闪电。上升闪电。所以，他们经常使用这些堆叠层压板。因此，将其整合为轴加工的一部分，它确实减少了零件数量，但不一定减轻了重量，因为rivion带有这个小小的目标环，那可能是你最轻的重量。
And as that also drives, this drives the size of your resolver ring, your sensor, because you can have a much smaller one if you're trying to sense a smaller target, doesn't need to be as big. They may be able to get some increased accuracy. Most likely the bigger you are, the more sensors, the more spots you have to sense, maybe you can get some more accuracy. I'm not sure.
这也会影响到你的解算环和传感器的大小，因为若你想要感知一个较小的目标，你可以使用较小的解算环和传感器，这样会减小它们的尺寸。这可能会增加一些准确性。通常情况下，如果你的解算环和传感器较大，可以感测的地方就会更多，或许你也可以获得更多的准确性，但我不确定。
And I know we were talking about the differential earlier, but here's a differential from a Model S plaid. And this has got to be from the front motor because the rear has a motor that drives each. But here, it can show you the difference in size. And each one of these, right here, that's spinning, is connected essentially to an output shaft to a wheel.
我知道我们之前在谈论差速器，但是这里是一辆Model S plaid的差速器。它应该是来自前驱动器，因为后驱动器每个轮胎都有一个电机驱动。但是这个差速器可以向你展示它的大小差异。每个正在旋转的部件都与一个输出轴连接到车轮上。
So imagine you're driving your vehicle down an icy road and you transition from ice to dry pavement and you have a huge shock load of a tire grabbing. This differential has to handle that shock, particularly when you have one wheel spinning at a different speed and then they both grip or grab. Or all of the torque when you're accelerating is essentially being applied through this pin, these two gears, and moving the whole vehicle forward. And so you can get this huge reduction in size and weight if you have it at the motor instead of at the output shaft.
想象一下，你正在开车行驶在一条冰路上，突然路面从冰变为干燥，你的轮胎猛烈地抓地了。这种差速器必须能够承受这种冲击力，特别是当你的一只轮子以不同的速度旋转，然后它们都抓住了路面。当你加速时，整个汽车前进时扭矩基本上是通过这个针，这两个齿轮来施加，并移动整个车辆。因此，如果您将其安装在电动机上而不是在输出轴上，可以使其体积和重量大大减少。
Let's go look at the laminates for the stator because this was pretty cool. Do you explain how many they have and what they're used for? Yeah, so this is a stator assembly. So we're missing about half of it that we've taken off. There was roughly 462 laminates, I believe, making up the overall stack itself. They have four discrete laminate styles they use, so we have some various ones laid out here. And they're doing something pretty novel with their cooling strategy for this.
让我们来看一下定子的复合材料，这真是很酷。你能解释一下它们的数量和用途吗？是的，这是一个定子组装体。我们已经拆卸掉了大约一半的它。它大约有462个复合材料，用来构成整个堆叠体本身。他们有四种不同的复合材料风格，这里有几种不同的样式。他们对于它的冷却策略做了一些非常新颖的工作。
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So similar to Tesla, which we can speak to in a second, they're actually routing oil through the laminate stack to cool the conductor ends. So if we turn it here, you can see this little hole here basically creates a nozzle for the oil to spray out onto these conductor ends to cool it. This is one of the areas of the stator. It gets pretty hot and you need to maintain this at a proper operating temperature.
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就像特斯拉一样，它们实际上通过层压板路由油来冷却导体端。如果我们转到这里，您可以看到这个小孔基本上创建了一个喷嘴，使油喷出到这些导体端进行冷却。这是定子的一个区域。它会变得非常热，您需要保持它在适当的操作温度下。
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The laminates themselves, if you want to look at how they create that nozzle, basically the various laminate styles come together. And at the very outmost laminate, they stack one another on top of each other to create a tiny little orifice for that oil. And then it also creates a channel. So as you see the different shapes and sizes, as they're stacked up, you can see they form a channel where the oil actually flow through and get down very low in between these conductor bars.
这些层压材料本身，如果你想了解它们如何创建喷嘴，基本上是将不同的层压样式组合在一起。在最外面的层压材料上，它们将彼此叠放在一起，以创建一个微小的孔口来引导油流。同时，它还会形成一个通道。当你看到它们不同的形状和大小时，这些层压材料堆叠起来，形成了一个通道，油就会顺着这个通道流动，并进入这些导体电极之间的较低部分。
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Yeah. We can bring over a Tesla. So Tesla does a similar approach of routing oil through their laminate stack, but in comparison to how the Tesla does it versus how Lucid's doing it, you can just see how much closer that they are bringing their oil actually to the conductor themselves as opposed to being far out on the other side.
没错。我们可以把一辆特斯拉带过来。特斯拉也通过其层压板的方式进行输油，但相比特斯拉和露西德的区别，你可以看到露西德将其油管离导线更近，而不是远离导线的另一边。
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Yeah. And this shows you a comparison of how much copper is being used. This is an 800 volt architecture, right? So you have a stack of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 airpins right here. The Tesla motor is used a wire wound method, which you get a lot of inefficiencies in your fill factor. It's incredible that this small motor, with this small amount of fill factor in copper is able to produce so much power. And that's something that's really kind of blown us away with the Lucid is its efficiency.
这张图展示了铜的用量比较。这是一个800伏的构架，你能看到在这里有一排1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8个吊环。特斯拉电机采用了绕线方法，但这种方法的填充系数存在很多低效率的问题。令人惊讶的是，即使这个电机采用了其填充系数很低的铜，它仍能产生如此之大的功率。而这也正是卢森德效率高的原因之一，它真的让我们目瞪口呆。
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And also how this stator is manufactured with the, who is it called a continuous wire wound? Continuous wave winding. Yeah. Explain what that means. So yeah, we're typically used to seeing a lot of hairpin or coil wound stators like we see on the Ford products we've examined as well as the Tesla products. And maybe we can walk over here and show you this. This is a perfect example of the difference.
还有这个转子是如何用连续绕线制造的呢？连续波绕线。对，可以解释一下这意味着什么。因此，通常我们习惯于看到很多类似于福特产品和特斯拉产品中我们检查到的弯钩或线圈绕制的定子。也许我们可以走到这边来向您展示这个。这是不同之处的完美例子。
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Yeah. So typically with a hairpin you would have on one end the, look like that. Hairpins would be preformed to look similar to this. But on the opposing end you would have all these ends that need to be welded together to meet all the conductors to one another. So you're looking at hundreds of welds that need to take place on the end of a hairpin stator. As opposed to if you look at this, both ends are just folded over. So this actually, this with the continuous wave winding technology, they actually just continually create the conductors in a large mat, fold it over on one another. If you actually follow this you'd see that this is just one giant circle.
通常使用发夹，一端看起来像这样，发夹会预先形成如此相似的形状。但在对立面，您需要将所有这些末端焊接在一起，以使所有导体彼此相连。 因此，您需要在发夹定子末端进行数百次的焊接。相比之下，如果您看看这个，两端只需折叠即可。因此，使用连续波绕组技术，他们实际上只需不断创建大型的导体网，将其互相折叠。如果您实际上跟随此过程，您会发现这只是一个巨大的圆形。
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And so what you get with that is the high slot fill like a hairpin. But you eliminate so much of the welding operations. So in total this thing had 24 welds as opposed to 200 welds. Yeah. And you can see right here where they're welding too, right? Yeah. Now, I don't know exactly where these went. But you have one, two, three, so you have your three phases which will connect to probably six each, right? If there's 24.
这样做，您会获得高的插槽填充，就像发夹一样。但是您可以消除许多焊接操作。所以总共这个东西只有24个焊缝，而不是200个焊缝。是的。您可以看到他们焊接的地方，对吧？是的。现在，我不知道这些具体放在哪里。但是您有一、二、三个，所以您有三个相位，每个相位可能连接到六个，对吧？如果有24个的话。
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I don't know. They double something up I think, don't they? Yeah. And this is quite impressive from a manufacturing perspective because every time you weld here, any inconsistency in a weld from weld to weld, you can build up some variance in the resistance and the amount of copper in that path. So by eliminating all these, you can more carefully control your welds here and even spend a little more time and effort honing this process so that you can get your peak operating performance. Yeah. And each one of these hairpin needs to be discreetly manufactured, bent, and then they need to insert them, re-bend them, clean the surface. There's a lot of steps that go into getting those welds accurate.
我不知道。我想他们在这里做了某种加倍吧。这个制造过程相当令人惊叹，因为每次焊接，从一次焊接到另一次焊接，焊接的一致性不同，会在通路的电阻和铜量上建立一些差异。所以通过消除这些，你可以更加小心地控制你的焊接，甚至花费更多时间和精力来磨练这个过程，使你可以获得最佳的操作性能。是的。每一个这样的发条都需要被离散地制造，弯曲，然后他们需要插入，重新弯曲，清洗表面。有很多步骤可以让这些焊接准确地执行。
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Yeah. We did a whole cost analysis on this motor. Yeah, we did. We're going to sell. It's actually for sale now. So all of these manufacturing steps are captured. You worked on that, right? I did, yeah.
是的。我们对这个电机进行了全面的成本分析。是的，我们做了。我们现在要卖它了。所以所有这些制造步骤都已经被捕捉到了。你参与了这个项目，对吧？是的，我参与了。
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Yeah. And so we not only captured manufacturing steps, we put a cost to everything. So something that's real interesting, we'll have a cost per kilowatt of power. And I think this thing is probably the best. It's pretty dense. It's pretty dense.
是的，我们不仅记录了制造步骤，还对所有内容进行了成本分类。因此，我们将会得出每千瓦时电力的成本。我认为这件事情是最好的。它非常密集。
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So that was essentially the basic layout, you got a rotor in the center with a little baby differential in the middle going out equal lengths to two planetary sets for your gear reduction, that gear reduction is what? Seven to one. Seven to one.
那么基本的布局就是这样：在中心有一个转子，中间一个小差速器将力均匀传递给两个行星齿轮组，以实现减速。这个减速比是什么？是七比一。七比一。
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And let's see what else. So there was this large plastic oil reservoir. It also holds the pump and the filter. So serviceable filter. So this is something that we see the Tesla going to in their fourth gen drive unit where they're going to go to an insert filter, but it won't be serviceable without splitting the case.
接下来让我们看看其他方面。所以有一个大的塑料油箱，它还包括泵和过滤器。过滤器是可维修的。这是我们看到特斯拉第四代驱动单元中采用的一种插入式过滤器，但不可在不拆开机箱的情况下维修。
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This still has some serviceable nature where you could come in here and remove these three screws to get to it. Light weight. I like the fact that it's integrated. They're not using the spin on. It's what you see on the earlier Teslas.
这个还具有一些实用性，你可以打开这里的三个螺丝钉来进行维护。重量轻。我喜欢它是集成式的。他们没有使用旋转式的部件，这是在早期的特斯拉车上所看到的。
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And then the pump, very similar to what we see on the low lightening, the rivion, I think the Hummer and the Tesla products where you have a low voltage pump that's going to circulate your gear oil fluid. This is important that it's not mechanically attached to the gear train because like for an internal combustion engine, your oil pump is part, it's connected to the rotation of the actual engine.
接着，该泵非常类似于我们在低灯光、丽妃、悍马和特斯拉产品上看到的泵，它具有低电压泵浦，可以循环您的齿轮油液。这很重要，因为它不是机械地连接到齿轮传动装置上，就像对于内燃机一样，您的油泵是其中一部分，它与发动机的实际旋转相连。
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So if you have start stop technology and you shut your engine off, your oil system stops pumping. This is important where you can circulate that fluid from a thermal perspective and you have this plate heat exchanger which interfaces with the glide call.
因此，如果您的汽车配备了启停技术并关闭了引擎，您的油系统将停止泵送。这在您需要从热力学的角度循环该液体并且您需要使用与滑动叫配合的板式换热器时非常重要。
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So if you have a high heat soak environment, maybe you just were driving really fast and you pull up and stop, your motor stops, you can still be running this at full speed to circulate that and interface with the glide call to get it cool. So that's important. It's a relatively expensive part of an electric drive system and how the pump works is almost identical to what you would see in an internal combustion engine vehicle.
因此，如果您处于高温环境下，例如您开得很快，然后停下来，您的电动机也停止工作了，您仍然可以将该泵器运行在全速以循环接口与滑行呼叫来降温。这是非常重要的。这是电动驱动系统相对昂贵的部分，泵器的工作方式几乎与内燃机车辆中所看到的相同。
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Man, it's so small. How small this thing is. And lastly, these ring gears are what the planetary set will react to. So as that differential which we showed earlier will spin the sun. And if these planet gears don't have anything to react to, your carrier won't move. So essentially once your ring gear is, I'll probably just do it.
哇，太小了。这个东西有多小啊。最后，这些环形齿轮就是行星副所需要对其做出反应的齿轮。我们前面展示的差速器会旋转太阳。如果这些行星齿轮没有任何反应，你的载体也不会移动。因此，一旦你的环形齿轮就位，我可能会去实现它。
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So close. There. So this will be fixed. So hold this, Walker. As I spin this, this is the speed of your wheel. So essentially your tire is attached to the carrier on the other side. And that's essentially how you get your 7-1 gear ratio.
非常接近了。就是这样。那么这个问题将被解决。沃克，请拿着这个。当我旋转它时，它就是你的轮子的速度。所以基本上你的轮胎附着在另一边的支架上。这就是你得到7-1齿轮比的基本原理。
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Now notice the ball bearing. This is a question we get all the time. We'll do paid calls and people will assume that an electric motor has very few or one moving part. Guess how many moving parts this has? I asked Walker to count before we got here. Just tell us. So we have 360 relative moving parts.
现在注意看这个滚动轴承。这是我们经常被问到的一个问题。我们会接受付费的咨询电话，一些人认为电动机很少或只有一个运动部件。你猜这个有多少运动部件？我在我们到这里之前就让沃克数过了。告诉我们吧。那么，我们有360个相对运动的部件。
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So not even including all the, like, tree in the rotor as one moving part essentially made up of 400 laminates, but relative moving parts, we have 361. And this is how we get there. So this right here, we count as one moving part, the shaft that runs the sun. Each of the ball bearings roll relative to everything else separately.
因此，我们不仅把转子中400个叠层板作为一个移动部件，而且包括所有相关的移动部件，总计达到361个。具体做法是，我们将太阳轴作为一个移动部件，并计算每个滚珠轴承相对独立地滚动的部件数量。
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And the cage itself is separate from the balls. Each planet spins separate from everything else. And then all of the roller bearings and the cage for the roller bearing are separate parts. So when we count all that up, we get 111 moving parts just in each planetary set. Or not differential. Each planetary set.
这个齿轮笼本身是独立于球之外的。每个行星都是独立旋转的。所有的滚动轴承和轴承笼子也是独立的部件。因此，当我们计算所有这些部件时，我们发现每个行星组都有111个运动部件。或者说，每个行星组都有这么多运动部件，而不仅仅是差动器。
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Then the differential has probably another dozen or so parts plus the bearings in the differential, which typically are not moving relative to the motor unless you're turning. So that whole assembly is usually moving in concert with the rotor if you're just driving straight.
接下来，差速器可能还有大约十几个部件，加上差速器中的轴承，这些轴承通常在你不转弯时与电机相对静止。因此，如果你只是直行驾驶，整个装配通常会与转子一起移动。
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And it only moves when you turn. But we're still counting every moving part relative to each other. So it's an incredible amount. And for other OEMs, you have a similar number, probably a little less. If you don't have a planetary set, it's much less, you're essentially counting the balls in the ball bearing and the carriers. That's where you're going to get the most of your separate moving parts.
这个设备只有在转动时才会移动。但是，我们仍在相对于彼此计算每个可动部件。因此，这是非常巨大的数量。对于其他原始设备制造商，你们也有类似数量的可动部件，可能稍微少一些。如果没有行星齿轮，你所要计算的部件数量就会减少很多，基本上只需计算轴承中的球和摆轮。这就是你所得到的最多的单独移动部件的地方。
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But when comparing that to an internal combustion engine, you have that many pieces in just the timing chain alone. Typically, if you have a long timing chain on a high-feature V6, probably has like a couple hundred lengths there, and then you're valvetrain with tapets and lifters and valvets springs, you easily get to 2, 3, 400 very quickly.
但是与内燃机相比，单单是正时链就有很多零件。通常来说，如果是高档V6引擎上的正时链，可能已经有几百个链节，然后再加上气门机构的推杆、升程器和气门弹簧，很快就可以达到2、3、400个零件。
So, guys, we've been looking at a phenomenon that we're seeing in Tesla that we think nobody else is noticing. We think nobody else understands. And we wanted to share that with you today. We're also looking at this phenomenon as it relates to the big guys. As it relates to Volkswagen, General Motors, and some of the other big players that are trying to get into this electric vehicle business.
大家好，我们一直在观察特斯拉出现的现象，我们认为其他人没有注意到这一点，也没有理解。今天，我们想与大家分享这个现象。同时，我们也在关注这个现象与大公司之间的关系，比如大众、通用汽车和其他试图进入电动汽车业务的巨头们。
So what we're talking about here is range. We're talking about how much can an electric vehicle go on a single charge. And what we've looked at is, we've looked at the fact that Tesla's range is growing faster than anyone else. Their range is now over 400 miles. Nobody else is even close to that. And what that's doing, is it's causing a gap. A range gap. Between Tesla and the others that we think is not going to be easily overcome.
我们在谈论的是电动车的续航里程问题。也就是说，在一个充电周期内，电动车能够行驶多远。我们已经发现，特斯拉的续航里程增长速度比其他品牌快得多。目前，特斯拉的续航里程超过了400英里，其他品牌的续航里程都远远达不到这个水平。这种情况导致了特斯拉和其他品牌之间的一个距离差异，我们认为这个差距不会轻易被弥补。
And when we're talking about range, we're talking about not just having a 100-mile range car, or a 200-mile range car, or a 300-mile range car. We're talking about a car that has such long range that people are no longer worried about "range anxiety". And it turns out that Tesla is the only company that's been able to achieve that kind of range, and they've done it at a faster pace than anyone else.
当我们谈论行程范围时，我们不仅仅是指拥有100英里、200英里或300英里行程的汽车。我们所指的是拥有如此长行程的汽车，以至于人们不再担心"行程焦虑"的汽车。事实证明，特斯拉是唯一能够实现这种行程范围的公司，而且他们的速度比其他任何公司都要快。
Now, we've been tracking this since 2012, and it's just amazing what's happened. We've seen Tesla's range going up, up, and up, at levels that nobody really anticipated. And the gap between Tesla and the other OEMs is increasing. In fact, we plot this on a graph and if we draw a trendline through that graph, we can actually see when the other OEMs are likely to catch up to Tesla's current 400 mile range. And it's not a very pretty picture.
从2012年开始，我们一直跟踪这个领域，发生了令人惊讶的事情。我们看到特斯拉的续航里程越来越长，这超乎了大家的预期。而且特斯拉与其他汽车制造商之间的差距正在增加。实际上，我们把这个数据画成图表，并通过这个图表绘制趋势线，可以看到其他汽车制造商可能何时追赶到特斯拉当前的400英里续航里程。但是结果并不十分乐观。
All right, so let's talk a little bit about how we got here. Tesla started out with the Roadster. They had that car for a number of years. It was a Lotus-based vehicle. It had a range of about 200 miles, and people were thrilled with that. And then they came out with the Model S. And the Model S, right away, had a 265-mile range. That was 2012.
好的，让我们稍微谈谈我们如何来到这里。特斯拉是从Roadster开始的。他们用这辆汽车做了许多年。它基于Lotus的车，可行驶200英里，人们对此非常激动。然后他们推出了Model S。2012年，Model S就有了265英里的里程。
Now, at the time, we were looking at the Model S and we thought "wow, this is amazing! This is going to change the industry forever." And we checked around with people at the OEMs, and they said "oh no, no, no. That's a short-term thing. They can't sustain that." And we said, "you guys don't understand. This is a game-changer. They're going to keep pushing this. They're going to gain economies of scale. They're going to expand what they're doing here."
当时，我们正在看Model S，心想，“哇，这太神奇了！这将永远改变这个行业。”我们向汽车制造商的人询问，他们说：“不，不，不。那只是短期现象。他们无法持久。”我们说：“你们不明白，这是改变游戏规则的东西。他们会继续推动这个行业，他们会获得规模经济，他们会扩大他们在这个领域的影响力。”
And sure enough, that's exactly what happened. The Model S got up to 300 miles, and then 350 miles, and now it's really over 400 miles. And this has happened in less than 10 years. And we're seeing nobody else really advancing at that kind of pace. It's just amazing.
果然如此，这正是发生的事情。Model S 的续航里程已经达到了300英里，然后是350英里，并且现在已经达到了400英里以上。而且这发生在不到10年的时间里。我们看到没有其他公司能够以这种速度取得进展。这真是令人惊叹。
Now, when we look at the other OEMs, they make mistakes. They make mistakes with their chemistry. They make mistakes with their thermal management. They have to do a lot of testing. They have to do a lot of validation. And that just slows everything down. And because they're not getting the scale, they can't get the costs down. And that's really hurting them.
现在，当我们看其他OEM时，他们犯了错误。他们在化学方面犯了错误。他们在热管理方面犯了错误。他们需要进行大量测试和验证。这些只会减缓一切的速度。因为他们没有获得规模，他们无法降低成本。这实际上对他们造成了伤害。
So, when we compare Tesla's range with others, the gap is growing. It's not shrinking. Nobody else is getting it. Nobody else is beginning to understand how they can catch up with this. Tesla's competitors are actually falling behind. And this is a big deal.
因此，当我们将特斯拉的续航里程与其他汽车进行比较时，差距在扩大而不是缩小。没有其他汽车制造商在缩小这个差距，也没有其他汽车制造商开始了解如何迎头赶上特斯拉。特斯拉的竞争对手实际上正在落后。这是一个重大问题。
Now, when we look at competition among electric vehicles, there are a lot of things that are important. And in many cases, Tesla hasn't been the leader in all those categories. But when it comes to range, Tesla is annihilating the competition. There's nobody else even close.
现在，当我们看电动汽车之间的竞争时，有很多重要因素。而在许多情况下，特斯拉并不是所有这些领域的领导者。但是在续航方面，特斯拉正在摧毁竞争对手。没有其他人能够靠近。
Now, for customers, range is a big issue. They don't like to be tethered to a charger, and that's what's happening with other EVs. They have to be close to the wall, they have to charge up. It's a pain, it's a hassle, and it's not convenient. And by the way, if you're talking about long distances - taking a long road trip - it's not even possible with those cars.
此刻，对于客户们而言，续航是一个大问题。他们不愿意被束缚在充电器旁，但其他电动汽车却需要这样做。他们必须靠近墙壁充电，这是一件烦恼，不方便的事。如果你打算开长途旅行，那更是不可能。而且顺便说一下，这些车子行驶长距离也是不可能的。
So, as we look forward, we think that Tesla is going to continue to maintain this lead in range. They're going to use economies of scale, they're going to continue to improve their chemistry, they're going to continue to improve their thermal management. And they're going to be just so far ahead of the other OEMs that it's going to be really tough for them to catch up.
因此，我们展望未来时，认为Tesla会继续保持电动汽车续航方面的领先地位。他们将利用经济规模，持续改进电池化学成分和热管理技术。他们将遥遥领先于其他OEM制造商，让其他制造商追赶他们变得非常困难。
Now, we know a lot of people are working on this. We know there are a lot of people trying to come up with new chemistry, trying to come up with new thermal management, trying to validate, trying to do all these things. But we think, at this point, nobody's really close.
现在，我们知道有很多人正在从事这项工作。我们知道有很多人正在尝试开发新的化学方法、新的热管理方法，试图验证，尝试做所有这些事情。但我们认为，在这一点上，没有人真正接近成功。
So, what does this mean for the industry? Well, we think it means that it's going to be very difficult for anyone to really compete with Tesla. We think that their lead in range is going to give them so much market power that they're going to be almost in a category by themselves.
那么，这对于整个行业意味着什么呢？我们认为这意味着任何人都很难与特斯拉真正竞争。我们认为他们在续航能力上的领先地位将给他们带来如此巨大的市场影响力，以至于他们几乎将是一个独立的类别。
In fact, if you look at some of the numbers, some of the data, you see that the other EVs really can't compete with Tesla, even on things like charging speed, or quality of service, or anything like that. People are looking for range, and Tesla has it. They say "I don't care about the others. I don't care about things like quality of service or charging speed, because that's not an issue for me. I want range."
事实上，如果你看一些数字和数据，你会发现其他电动车在像充电速度、服务质量等方面都无法与特斯拉竞争。人们需要的是续航里程，而特斯拉正好拥有这一点。他们说：“我不关心其他车型。对我来说，服务质量和充电速度这些都不是问题，因为我更关心的是续航里程。”
So, we think that the gap is going to continue. We think that Tesla is going to be very difficult to catch up with. They're already over 400 miles in range, and the others are really struggling to even get over 200 miles. And in some cases, they're not even close. It's a big deal, and we think it's going to be a market-changer.
因此，我们认为差距会继续扩大。我们认为Tesla将非常难以追赶。他们已经在续航里程方面达到了400英里以上，其他汽车很难超过200英里。在某些情况下，它们甚至差距很大。这是一件大事，并且我们认为它将改变市场。