The Russian Revolution - OverSimplified (Part 1)
发布时间 2020-08-17 23:30:09 来源
This video was made possible by NordVPN. Click on the link in the description below to get an amazing 68% off a two-year plan. Also, commemorating the weirdest bromance in history. Get your new character pins and Russian Revolution merch available now. Link down below.
本视频得以完成，要感谢 NordVPN 的支持。点击下方描述中的链接，可享受两年方案惊人的68% 折扣。另外，纪念历史上最奇怪的兄弟情谊。现在可购买新的人物徽章和俄国革命商品。链路在下方。
Hey Jimmy, it's the 1800s and exciting time to be alive. Why don't you get out there and explore the world? Gee whiz, mom! Thanks! This place is amazing! Where am I? Why you're in France, my boy? Here we come up with wacky new ways of running a country. Liberty, Egality, fraternity. Whoa!
嗨，吉米，现在是19世纪，是一个充满激动人心的时代。为什么不到外面去探索世界呢？哇塞，妈妈，非常感谢！这个地方太棒了！我在哪里？你在法国，我亲爱的孩子。这里我们设计了疯狂的运行国家的新方法。自由，平等，友爱。哇！
Welcome to the United Kingdom. Here we invented the train. Looooooobbord! Holy smokes! You're in a German factory, my friend. Here we harness fire and cold. Create only sexy literhood. This is incredible! I can't wait to see where I'll end up next. Where am I? You're in Russia. Have I gone back in time? No, this is just how it is. Are you a farmer? Worse. Technically, my landlord owns me, which makes me a surf. I'm scared. You should be. Because I haven't eaten in four days. And you look pretty tasty. Hey Jimmy, how are your travels? I hate you!
欢迎来到英国。我们在这里发明了火车。哇瞧啊！你现在在德国工厂，朋友。在这里，我们运用火和冷。只创造性感文学。太神奇了！我迫不及待想看看下一个目的地在哪里。我在哪里？你在俄罗斯。我回到了过去吗？不，这就是现实。你是一个农民吗？更糟，严格来说，我的房东拥有我，这使我成为一名农奴。我很害怕。你应该害怕，因为我已经四天没吃东西了，而你看起来很好吃。嘿，吉米，你的旅行怎么样？我恨你！
Russia in the 19th century. Fudel, underdeveloped and stuck in the past. While the rest of Europe had been modernizing and improving their citizens' lives. Russia's rulers were taking a different approach. My lord, we're falling behind the rest of Europe. It's time to industrialize, give the people rights, and share your power.
19世纪的俄罗斯停留在中世纪封建社会，经济欠发达且停滞不前。而欧洲其他国家则不断现代化，改善民众生活。俄罗斯的统治者却采取了不同的方式。主人，我们正在落后于欧洲其他国家。现在是时候推进工业化，给予人民权利，并分享你的权力了。
Russian Tsars had no time for pathetic ideas like liberty and modernization. Because they were too busy having the time of their lives. While the Serbs were breaking their backs in the fields, the Tsars held all the power, and they didn't have to listen to anyone. Want to run the country like a backwards-fudel kingdom while the rest of Europe outpaces you militarily and economically? Go right ahead. Want to keep the people uneducated so they don't get any ideas? There's no one to stop you. Want to keep exporting grain even when there's a massive famine causing hundreds of thousands to die? That is your God-given right.
俄罗斯沙皇对自由和现代化等可怜的思想没有时间。因为他们太忙于享受生活了。当塞尔维亚人在田间劳作时，沙皇掌握了所有的权力，他们不必听任何人的意见。你想像一个落后的封建王国一样统治国家，而其余欧洲国家在军事和经济上都超越了你吗？那就去吧。你想让人民一直不受教育，以免他们有什么想法吗？这没有人能阻止你。想在发生大规模饥荒并导致数十万人死亡时仍继续出口粮食吗？这是你获得的上帝赋予的权利。
While all of this was great for the Tsar, if you were literally anybody else, it probably sucked because Russia was falling behind. If they were to keep up with Europe, they'd need a strong ruler with some big ideas. Oh look, here comes one now. Hey everyone, it's me. Tsar Alexander II. And I've got some big news. I'm releasing you all from your Serfdom. You're all free. Wooo! Yes! Yep, I'm the best. Oh, there is one thing though. I spoke to your local lords and they weren't happy about losing all their free labor. So as a compromise, you're all gonna have to pay them back a near impossible amount of money for the next 49 years. Expect your lives to barely change. Okay, bye.
当时对沙皇来说一切都很美好，但如果你是任何其他人，那么情况可能很糟糕，因为俄罗斯正在落后。如果他们要跟上欧洲的步伐，他们需要一位有些大想法的强大统治者。哦看，现在出现了这样一位。嘿大家好，是我沙皇亚历山大二世。我有个重大消息，我释放了你们所有人的农奴身份。你们全部自由了，耶！是的，我是最好的！但是有一件事，我和你们当地的领主交涉过了，他们不高兴失去所有的自由劳动力。所以作为一种妥协，你们都要在接下来的49年里赔偿他们一笔几乎不可能完成的巨额债务。所以你们的生活指望不要有太多改变。好了，再见。
Now I know what you're thinking. This Tsar Alexander II seems like a pretty cool guy. He's trying to reform the country and get Russia on the right path. Everyone must love this guy. Right? Wrong. What is one man get to decide the fate of everyone in the country? This whole system is dumb. Somebody should do something. Like what? Like kill the Tsar. You're gonna kill the Tsar? Well, me? No. I'm busy. I was kinda hoping you'd do it. Okay. See? The people love me. They're throwing flowers, confetti, and high-grade explosives.
现在我知道你在想什么了。这位沙皇亚历山大二世看起来是个很酷的人，他试图改革国家并让俄罗斯走上正确的道路。每个人都必须喜欢这个家伙。对吧？错了。难道一人就能决定整个国家的命运吗？这整个体制都是愚蠢的。有人应该采取行动。像什么样的行动？像杀了沙皇一样。你要杀沙皇吗？嗯，我？不，我很忙。我原本以为你会做的。行。看吧？人们喜欢我。他们扔花瓣、五彩纸屑和高级炸药。
Okay, Nicholas. Your grandfather has a mild case of being blown up by a terrorist and he's not looking too hot. So we're gonna go say our goodbyes. Okay? No, it'll be too scary for him. Nonsense. It won't be scary at all. We're just gonna say a quick goodbye. Ready?
好的，尼古拉斯。你的祖父轻微地被恐怖分子炸伤了，他的情况不太好。所以我们要去跟他说再见。好吗？不，这会让他害怕。胡说八道。这一点也不可怕，我们只是要快速地说一声再见。准备好了吗？
Boy! Look at me! The people did this to me! And one day. They'll do it to you! See? Wasn't scary at all. The dogs under the second was dead, but luckily they had another Alexander lying around. Alexander, the third. And he felt his dad's reforms had weakened the Tsar's authority.
看着我！这些人对我做了这样的事！而有一天，他们也会对你做同样的事！明白了吗？一点都不可怕。第二头下面的狗已经死了，但幸运的是他们还有另一个名叫亚历山大的人。第三个亚历山大觉得他父亲的改革削弱了沙皇的权威。
Russia was massive. And as a result, had many ethnic minorities. Non-Russians? More interested in their own cultural heritage than in loving me? Isn't it great? So much beautiful culture and diversity in our great nation. Alexander thought all these minorities should be a little more Russian and thereby loyal to him.
俄罗斯是一个庞大的国家，因此有很多少数民族。而这些非俄罗斯族群，对于他们自己的文化遗产更感兴趣，而不是爱我？这不是很棒吗？我们伟大的国家有如此多美丽的文化和多样性。亚历山大认为，所有这些少数民族都应该更加俄化，这样才能对他忠诚。
So he repressed religious minorities. He introduced the Ukraine, a secret police force that repressed anybody who thought having a Tsar was dumb. If Alexander the second was the great reformer, Alexander the third was the great repressor. Now that's how you run a country.
因此，他镇压了宗教少数派。他引进了乌克兰，一个镇压所有认为拥有沙皇是愚蠢的人的秘密警察部队。如果亚历山大二世是伟大的改革者，亚历山大三世则是伟大的镇压者。这就是如何经营一个国家。
Hey dad. Ugh, great. It's my son Nicholas who I like to call a girly girl because he's so weak and pathetic. When are you gonna grow up? Hmm? Eh, you still look like a girly girl to me. But dad, I grew a beard. Yeah, an ugly girly girl beard. Uh-huh, uh-huh.
嘿，爸爸。呃，太好了。我儿子尼古拉斯，我喜欢叫他女生，因为他太软弱和可悲了。你什么时候会成熟？嗯？嗯，对我来说你仍然看起来像个女生。但是，爸爸，我长了胡子。是的，一个丑陋的女生胡子。嗯嗯。
If Nicholas was to one day bezar, he needed his dad to teach him how to run the country. But his dad instead suggested that Nicholas goes somewhere else. So Nicholas went to Japan, got an edgy dragon tattoo, had his head sliced off by a policeman, and then came home.
如果尼古拉斯有一天成为国王，他需要他的父亲教他如何管理国家。但是他的父亲建议尼古拉斯去别的地方。于是，尼古拉斯去了日本，纹了一条前卫的龙纹身，被警察砍掉了头，然后回家了。
Now will you teach me how to rule? I suppose it's time. Okay, there's a lot you need to know before becoming z-Uh-oh. What? I've got kidney inflammation. Oh no!
现在你能教我如何统治吗？我想现在是时候了。好的，在成为z-Uh-oh之前，你需要了解很多事情。什么？我得了肾炎。哦不！
On his father's death, a totally unprepared Nicholas the second ascended to the Russian throne. He wasn't a reformer like his grandfather, nor was he a repressor like his dad. Nicholas was Nicholas. Timid? Easily swayed. And more interested in doing whatever the hell this is. Or this. Or this. He wasn't ready to rule, and he himself admitted it, saying, I'm not yet ready to bezar. I know nothing of the business of ruling. Bit of an awkward time to bring it up. Nicholas firmly believed that he was chosen by God to be Russia's big daddy, and while he doubted his ability to rule, he was gonna give it his best shot. And hey, who knows, maybe he wouldn't be so bad after all.
在他父亲去世后，尼古拉斯二世毫无准备地登上了俄罗斯王位。他不像他的祖父那样是一个改革者，也不像他的父亲那样是一个压制者。尼古拉斯就是尼古拉斯。胆小？容易被摆布。更喜欢做这个或者那个。或者这个。他还没有准备好掌权，他自己也承认，说：“我还没准备好掌权。我对统治毫无了解。”这个时候提出这个问题有点尴尬。尼古拉斯坚信他是上帝选中的俄罗斯“大爸”，虽然他怀疑自己的统治能力，但他会尽最大努力。谁知道呢，也许他并不会那么糟糕。
To get things off to a good start, Nicholas promised free pretzels and beer to a huge crowd in Moscow to celebrate his coronation, so enticing a proposition to starving peasants that the ensuing stampede left nearly 1500 people dead. What the hell happened? We're not sure, but you're scheduled to go party with the French at 8 o'clock. Shouldn't I stay here on a respect for the people? When are versions of ours ever respected the people? Hmm. Nicholas's decision to go party with the French immediately tarnished his image. Some were calling him Nicholas the Bloody.
为了让事情有一个良好的开端，尼古拉斯承诺在莫斯科举行的加冕庆典上向一个庞大的人群提供免费椒盐脆饼和啤酒，这个极为有吸引力的提议对于饥饿的农民来说是如此有诱惑力，以至于随后的踩踏事件造成了近1500人死亡。发生了什么？我们不确定，但你定于8点与法国人一起聚会。我不应该留在这里尊重人民吗？我们的版本何时曾经受到人民的尊重呢？嗯。尼古拉斯与法国人一起聚会的决定立即玷污了他的形象。有些人称他为“血腥的尼古拉斯”。
The Zars had been partying hard at the expense of the people for long enough. They'd emancipated the serfs, but failed to lift them out of poverty. They used their secret police to crash down on anyone who might criticize them, and they'd failed to modernize and give the people rights. Something the rest of Europe had begun doing over a century ago. The rule of the Zars was quickly becoming outdated, and more and more Russians began wondering if there was a better way. For many, the solution was simple. Just look to the West. Republics, democracies, and constitutional monarchy go lore.
沙皇家族花费人民的资金狂欢已经持续很长时间了。他们解放了农奴，但未能将他们从贫困中解救出来。他们用他们的秘密警察镇压任何可能批评他们的人，而且他们未能使人民拥有现代化和权利。这是欧洲其他地区一百多年前就已经开始做的事情。沙皇统治很快就会过时，越来越多的俄国人开始思考是否有更好的解决方式。对许多人来说，解决方案很简单。只需向西方看齐。共和国，民主制和君主立宪制等等。
But a small growing group rejected that for an even better idea. A little something they called communism. Take Vladimir Lenin, an intelligent member of Russia's middle class. And also, a massive ill-tempered jerk. If you disagreed with him about anything, he wasn't afraid to call you out. You fat-headed, simple-minded, vapid-cock-ident-bosil! Tender heart bear is a far superior care-bearer to bedtime bear. Mwah-hah-hah-hah-hah! And he was no stranger to political unrest, either. His older brother was executed for plotting to kill the Zars, and Lenin himself was expelled from university for participating in a student protest.
但是，一个小而不断壮大的团体拒绝了这一理念，转而提出了一个更好的主意-共产主义。例如弗拉基米尔·列宁就是其中一个成员，他来自俄罗斯的中产阶级，智商极高，却也是个脾气暴躁的大傻瓜。如果你和他意见不合，他绝不会忌讳点名批评你。你这个脑袋大、心智简单、无聊的软骨黄鸡！柔软心灵熊才是比睡前熊更出色的关爱者。嘿嘿嘿！他也不陌生于政治动乱，因为他的哥哥被处决了，罪名是密谋杀害沙皇，而且自己也曾因涉及学生抗议而被大学开除。
But how did Lenin go from being a middle class nerd to the arbiter of socialist divinity? Well, to tell that story, we first need to go back a few decades to when a man named Karl Marx, or to manifest to explaining how capitalism is a system whereby the stinky bourgeoisie oppressed and exploited the working masses, and that only through class warfare could the workers rise up and instate a communist utopia. Now go back forward a few decades to Lenin reading that manifesto, and loving it. But publicly admitting you loved Marx and not Russia's big daddy would get you the cruelest punishment imaginable. Ex-O, to Siberia. Enjoy Ex-O, where you'll live with your wife, chill around town, and secretly write socialist newspapers. Hey, that doesn't sound so bad. And your mother-in-law is going to live with you. NOOOOOO!
但是列宁是如何从一个中产阶级书呆子成为社会主义神明的裁决者的呢？为了讲述这个故事，我们首先需要回到几十年前，当时有一个名叫卡尔·马克思的人，他表达了资本主义是一种压迫和剥削工人群众的肮脏资产阶级体系，只有通过阶级斗争，工人才能崛起并建立一个共产主义的乌托邦。再回到几十年后，列宁读了这篇宣言，非常喜欢。但是公开承认自己喜欢马克思而不是俄罗斯的“大老爷”将会受到最残酷的惩罚——被流放到西伯利亚。在那里，你可以和你的妻子住在一起，在城里闲逛，秘密写社会主义报纸。嘿，这听起来不错。但是你的婆婆也要和你住在一起。不要啊！
Once Lenin finished his stint in Siberia, he left Russia for Europe, where he was free to hang out with other Russian Marxists, and talk about how great communism was. Now today, you might hear the word communism, and think of this. But that's not how intellectuals living under a tough, zara's regime saw it. To them, communism promised a land where all were equal, where workers weren't exploited, and even people like you could get a girlfriend.
列宁在西伯利亚工作期结束后，离开俄罗斯前往欧洲，在那里他可以与其他俄国马克思主义者相聚，并谈论共产主义的伟大。今天，你可能会听到“共产主义”这个词，想到的就是这个。但在过着艰难生活的知识分子们看来，共产主义承诺着一个所有人都平等的土地，在那里工人不会被剥削，甚至像你这样的人也能找到女友。
So Lenin joined a party of Russian communists living in Europe, and he founded a communist newsletter that was smuggled into Russia to try to radicalize the people. However, not everyone in the socialist party agreed with Lenin. In fact, they disagreed with him on a lot of issues, and Lenin was so on-compromising that he caused a split into party. During one conference, a heated debate broke out, and Lenin was unwilling to give an inch. You pig ignorant, half-witted, fatuous morons! Serial is a soup! Listen, Lenin, you're a smart guy, but you have no idea what you're talking about. You're a ratty here. All in favor of serial being a soup? Hey, would you look at that? We're in the majority!
列宁加入了一个居住在欧洲的俄罗斯共产主义者党，并创办了一份共产主义通讯，在秘密走私进入俄罗斯，试图激进人民。然而，社会党内并非每个人都同意列宁的意见。实际上，他们在许多问题上与列宁持不同意见，因此列宁十分不妥协，导致党派分裂。在一次会议中，激烈的辩论爆发了，列宁不愿退让。你们这些无知低能傻瓜！麦片是汤！听着，列宁，你很聪明，但你不知道在说什么。你是个猥琐的家伙。所有赞成麦片是汤的人请举手？嘿，你看那边！我们占据多数！
So Lenin set up his own faction within the party, he called, the majority, or Bolshevik if you're speaking Russian. And the other faction became known as the minority, or Menshevik, and oddly. The majority were often in the minority, and the minority in the majority. The Mensheviks were less radical, whereas Lenin wanted the Bolsheviks to be loyal to him and his on-compromising ideas. And if you weren't loyal, well then you're going to get a big, big beat down. Mensheviks worried that Lenin's attitude could lead to a one-man dictatorship. But come on, does this guy look like a dictator to you?
列宁在党内成立了自己的派别，他称之为多数派或者俄语中的布尔什维克。而另一派别则被称为少数派或者孟什维克，很奇怪的是，多数派常常会成为少数派，而少数派又会成为多数派。孟什维克较为温和，然而列宁希望布尔什维克必须忠于他及其不妥协的思想。如果你不忠心，那么你将会受到惊人的打击。孟什维克担心列宁的态度可能导致一人专政。但是，你认为这个人看起来像独裁者吗？
For now, Lenin remained in Europe, writing his socialist newspaper, and impatiently awaiting an opportunity to overthrow the Tsar, and bring communist utopia to Russia. Cool. A free hat. Who the heck are you? I'm definitely not a Russian secret police officer spying on Marxists. Oh crap, I don't want secret police watching me. Then you, my friend. I should use NordVPN. Do you like having your identity stolen? If yes, you need therapy. If no, you need NordVPN. NordVPN has thousands of superfast servers in 62 countries that you can connect to to keep you and your data secure when using the web. It comes with a 30-day money-back guarantee, and is now faster and more secure than ever, with its brand-new NordLinks technology. Have you quarantined binge all of your favorite shows on Netflix? Well, with NordVPN, you can watch the Australian version, or is one of the greatest videos on YouTube still banned in your country? I think you get the point. You can now get NordVPN with 68% off a two-year plan for only 371 per month, plus 1 month free. So click on NordVPN.com, slash over simplify in the description below, and get protected now. That's NordVPN.com, slash over simplify. And as always, you'll be supporting my channel, so muchos arigatos, mompetti po.
目前，列宁仍然留在欧洲，写他的社会主义报纸，并急切地等待推翻沙皇并在俄国带来共产主义乌托邦的机会。很酷，有一个免费的帽子。你到底是谁？我绝对不是监视马克思主义者的俄罗斯秘密警察。天啊，我不想让密警盯着我。那么，我的朋友，我应该使用 NordVPN。你喜欢你的身份被盗吗？如果是，你需要治疗。如果不是，你需要 NordVPN。 NordVPN 在62个国家拥有数千个超快的服务器，您可以连接到它们，保护您在使用网络时的数据安全。它带有30天退款保证，并且现在比以往任何时候都更快、更安全，拥有全新的 NordLinks 技术。你是否隔离时在 Netflix 上 binge 看了你最喜爱的节目？好吧，使用 NordVPN，您可以观看澳大利亚版本，还是您国家禁止了一个最伟大的 YouTube 视频？我想你明白了。现在，您可以以每月371元的价格，获得68% 的折扣，购买两年计划，并额外获得1个月的免费使用。所以，点击 NordVPN.com/over simplify，在下面的描述中获得保护。就像往常一样，您将支持我的频道，非常感谢您的支持。
Now where was I? Oh yeah. A timid, easily suites are, a massive ill-tempered jerk, impatiently awaiting a communist revolution, and revolution was coming, but not in the way Lenin thought.
现在我在哪里？哦，对了。一个胆小、容易满足、拖沓不堪的人，一个脾气巨大且坏脾气的人，急切地期待着一场共产主义革命。革命即将到来，但不是列宁所想的那种方式。
Back in St. Petersburg, one of the Tsars' most skilled and influential advisors knew the country finally needed to catch up with the rest of Europe. He nick, we really got to industrialize, get more factories, and make some, I don't know, textiles or something. Hmm, won't that change the social fabric of Russia? Maybe. Hey, isn't it past your bedtime? But I haven't had my milk and snuggles yet. Will you snuggle me? Um, Nicholas thought modernization was boring, but he let Sergei do his thing, and do his thing he did. He borrowed some money, and got Russia some sexy factories. And you know what sexy factories means. Sexy workers. Dirt, poor, sexy workers. Long hours, low wages, filthy disease-ridden factories. Sleep in overcrowded dormitories with all your stinky worker friends. Get your arms ripped off in a freak Russian doll accident. Conditions were terrible.
在圣彼得堡，一位最有技能和影响力的沙皇顾问知道国家最终需要赶上欧洲其它国家。他建议：“我们真的需要工业化，多建几个工厂，生产一些啥东西，比如纺织品。”“嗯，那不会改变俄罗斯社会结构吗？”“可能吧。嘿，你还不睡觉吗？”“可我还没喝牛奶和磨磨蹭蹭呢，你能陪我吗？”尽管尼古拉认为现代化很无聊，但是他让谢尔盖发挥自己的才能，于是他借了一些钱，为俄罗斯建起了一些有魅力的工厂。你知道有魅力的工厂意味着什么？意味着有魅力的工人们。贫穷，又有魅力的工人们。长时间工作、低工资、污秽、疾病爆发的工厂。他们睡在拥挤的宿舍里，跟他们臭味相投的工友们挤在一起。有可能在一次离奇的俄罗斯套娃事故中双手被割掉。工作环境真的很糟糕。
But this growing working class wasn't about to take it lying down. They started to do what workers do best. Strike. Despite Sergei's efforts, people in Russia still weren't happy. Peasants were still poor, liberals still wanted reform, and now the workers wanted better working conditions. And the problem with being an autocrat is that when everyone's unhappy, there's only one person to blame. You.
但是，这个快速增长的工人阶级并不打算一言不发地忍受。他们开始做他们最擅长的事情：罢工。尽管谢尔盖努力，但俄罗斯人民仍不满意。农民仍然贫困，自由主义者仍然要求改革，现在工人们要求更好的工作条件。成为专制者的问题在于，当每个人都不满意时，唯一可以责怪的人就是您。
The people hate me. What do I do? Ooh, I know. Why don't we find a weak empathetic nation to go to war with? We'll win easily, and everyone will love me again. Why don't we just try treating the people better? As luck would have it, an opportunity for war was forming in the far east. Russia wanted to expand its sphere of influence into Northern China, and coincidentally, so did Japan. But Japan didn't really want war, so they proposed an idea to reduce the tension. Hey, man, will it you do your thing in Manchuria? If you let us do our thing in Korea, I don't think so. We've got the largest army in the world. What do you have? I'm the Emperor of Japan. I have a giant mechisid. Whoa. Cool.
这个人民讨厌我，我该怎么办？哦，我知道了。为什么不找一个同情弱国打仗呢？我们轻易就能赢得胜利，所有人都会再次爱我。为什么不试着更好地对待人民呢？幸运的是，一场战争的机会正在远东形成。俄罗斯想将其势力范围扩展到中国北方，巧合的是，日本也有这个想法。但日本并不真正想要战争，因此他们提出了一个缓解紧张局势的想法。嘿，男人，你可以在满洲做自己的事吗？如果你让我们在朝鲜做我们的事情，我不这么想。我们拥有世界上最庞大的军队。你们有什么？我是日本的皇帝。我有一个巨大的机甲。哇。酷。
Nicholas and the boys didn't see Japan as a threat, so they felt they could push Japan around. But little did they know, Japan had been rapidly militarizing, and when they launched a surprise attack on a Russian fleet of port Arthur, everyone was shocked. Nicholas hoped it was an opportunity to win a quick war and regain the support of the people. Nobody seriously thought a puny Asian country could defeat a European superpower, and the Russian people were filled with patriotic spunk. Hey, everyone, we're at war with Japan. Hey, everyone. Hey, everyone, we're losing the war. The Japanese won, and embarrassing defeat for Tsar Nicholas.
尼古拉斯和他的部下认为日本不是威胁，因此认为可以对其施加压力。但是他们并不知道，日本一直在快速军事化，当他们对马尾的俄罗斯舰队发动突然袭击时，所有人都感到震惊。尼古拉斯希望这是赢得一场快速战争并重新赢得人民支持的机会。没有人真正认为一个微弱的亚洲国家能够击败欧洲超级大国，俄罗斯人民充满了爱国主义的气势。大家，我们和日本交战了。大家听着，我们正在输掉这场战争。日本赢了，对沙皇尼古拉斯来说是一次令人难堪的失败。
Russia had enough problems, but now it had been internationally humiliated. The public were outraged. On rest, increased. Nicholas needed snuggles now more than ever. The tension was rising rapidly, and Russia was on the verge of revolution. All it needed was one disaster to push it over the edge, and that disaster would come in January 1905 from an unlikely source.
俄罗斯已经有足够的问题，但现在它已经遭受了国际上的羞辱。公众感到愤怒。休息变得更加重要。尼古拉需要更多的安慰，尤其是现在。紧张局势迅速升级，俄罗斯处于革命的边缘。只需要一个灾难，就能推动它走向深渊。这场灾难将于1905年1月从一个不太可能的来源出现。
A handsome orthodox priest named Father Gapan. Father Gapan was leading workers in their families to the Winter Palace, but this wasn't some violent uprising. It was a peaceful protest. They wanted to deliver a petition to Nicholas, which simply asked for more freedom and better working conditions.
有一个名叫Father Gapan的英俊正统神父。Father Gapan带领着工人和他们的家庭走向冬宫，但这并不是一场暴力起义，而是一场和平抗议。他们想向尼古拉斯递交一份请愿书，请求更多的自由和更好的工作条件。
The protest was actually so peaceful and respectful that the Marxist thought it was a big waste of time. Hey, Nicholas, some priest is leading a peaceful protest, says here they want to give you a petition. A peaceful petitioning priest? I better get out of here. Nicholas had actually left the Winter Palace days earlier, and in his place they brought in a truckload of troops or to stop Father Gapan from reaching the palace.
这次抗议实际上是如此和平和尊重，以至于马克思主义者认为这是浪费时间。嘿，尼古拉斯，有个牧师正在带领一次和平抗议，这里说他们想给你递交一份请愿书。一个和平请愿的牧师？我最好离开这里。实际上，尼古拉斯几天前就已经离开冬宫，取而代之的是一辆卡车的部队，以阻止加班神父到达宫殿。
Hello, good sir, and long live the Tsar. Please allow me to pass this simple petition to our dear father, Nicholas II. Good day to you too. Please allow us to respond by opening fire. What began as a peaceful protest ended in tragedy. Imperial soldiers opened fire on the crowd. Around 200 civilians died. 800 more were wounded. All they wanted was the opportunity to ask Nicholas to improve their lives. Instead, they were met with bullets.
你好，尊敬的先生，沙皇万岁。请允许我递交这份简单的请愿书给我们亲爱的父亲尼古拉二世。祝你好运。请允许我们开火回应。原本是一场和平抗议，却以悲剧收场。皇家士兵向人群开火，大约有200名平民死亡，800人受伤。他们只是想要向尼古拉斯提出改善生活的机会，却只得到了子弹的回应。
Nicholas didn't personally order the troops to fire, but as an autocrat, he got the blame. The event became known as Bloody Sunday, and Nicholas' reputation plummeted. Strikes erupted across the empire. Workers' demands increased. Liberals demanded political power. Peasants demanded land. The country was out of control, and the 1905 revolution had begun.
尽管尼古拉斯并没有亲自下令让部队开火，但作为一位独裁者，他被指责为罪魁祸首。这场事件被称为“血腥星期天”，尼古拉斯的声望直线下滑。帝国中爆发了一系列罢工，工人们的要求不断增加，自由派要求政治权力，农民们则要求土地。整个国家失控了，1905年革命爆发了。
Listen, Nicholas, peasant seizing my land and murdering my family I can tolerate. But illegally chopping my wood, that's obscene. And the worse I treat my workers, the more they strike. I don't get it. Everyone relax. As long as the military is still on my side, there's nothing to worry about. Sir, the sailors are starting to mutiny. Well, my life just sucks. With Russia still losing to the Japanese, unrest was growing in the military, and some sailors had even taken to killing officers. Having the people against you was bad enough, but if the military joined in, it would be game over.
"尼古拉斯，农民占领我的土地并杀害我的家人，我可以容忍。但非法砍伐我的树木，这太荒唐了。而且，我越是苛刻地对待我的工人，他们就越会罢工，我真不明白。大家放松点儿吧，只要军队还站在我的一边，就没什么好担心的。先生，水手们已经开始叛变了。唉，我的生活真是糟透了。由于俄罗斯仍被日本打败，军队中的不满情绪越来越高涨，一些水手甚至开始杀害军官。人民反对你已经够糟糕了，但如果军队也站在对立面，那就真的完了。"
Make matters worse. In October, workers and Marxists, including one Leon Trotsky, began setting up local elected councils, called Soviets, that coordinated strikes, and supplied the workers. Sergei could see the writing on the wall. Things were going south fast, and he needed a big idea to save the czar. And luckily, he had just that.
更糟糕的是，在十月份，工人和马克思主义者，包括列昂·托洛茨基在内，开始建立了称为苏维埃的地方选举理事会，协调罢工并为工人提供帮助。谢尔盖看出事情正在迅速恶化，他需要一个大想法来拯救沙皇。而幸运的是，他恰好有这样的想法。
You see, all these angry people from different parts of society weren't really working together, meaning there was a weakness to exploit. Sergei wrote a manifesto that would give the Liberals an elected assembly called the Duma. He was some convincing, but eventually, Nicholas agreed to share power, and have his laws approved by an elected assembly. Hey Liberals, here's your stupid manifesto. Happy now? We certainly are. But what about these guys? Aren't you going to give them what they want? Oh, goodness no. I was just going to kill them.
你看，那些来自社会不同领域的愤怒人士并没有真正合作，这意味着有可以利用的弱点。谢尔盖写了一份宣言，将给予自由派一个选举组成的议会，称为杜马。他有点说服力，但最终尼古拉同意分享权力，并让选举的议会批准他的法律。嘿，自由派，这是你们的愚蠢宣言。现在开心了吧？我们当然是。但那些家伙呢？你们不会给他们想要的东西吗？哦，不好意思，我刚想杀了他们。
With the Liberals satisfied, and after ending the war with Japan, there's our brought thousands of troops home, who then dismantled the Soviets, arrested their leaders, and crushed the peasant uprisings in the countryside. And how about that pesky parliament, Nicholas had agreed to share power with. Well, he then wrote a bunch of new laws, which basically said, Hey, remember that manifesto I wrote? And how you guys were going to approve my laws? Mm-hmm. Slide change a plan. Actually, I'm going to do whatever the hell I want, and you guys are going to shut up. What? The people won't stand for this. People. What? People. You know, this is why people don't like you.
随着自由派的满意，以及结束与日本的战争，我们把成千上万的部队带回了家，他们随后解散了苏联，逮捕了他们的领导人，并在农村镇压了农民起义。那些顽固的议会议员呢？尼古拉同意与他们分享权力，但随后他写了一堆新的法律，基本上是说，“嘿，你们还记得我写的那个宣言吗？你们要批准我的法律对吧？嗯，计划改变了。实际上，我会做任何我想做的事情，你们都要闭嘴。”什么？人民不会容忍这种行为。人民。什么？人民。你知道吗，这就是为什么人们不喜欢你的原因。
And just like that, Nicholas had survived the 1905 revolution. But wait, a revolution in Russia? Where was Lenin? Well, Lenin and his communist pals were still in exile. He tried desperately to radicalize the uprising, but all he could do was watch, as the movements failed to organize, the liberals sold out the poor, and the Tsar outplayed the people. Furious, he believed Russia had missed a great chance, for a real revolution. From now on, he felt the only way left was an armed revolution by the workers.
就这样，尼古拉斯在1905年的革命中幸存了下来。但等等，俄罗斯发生革命了？那列宁在哪里？其实列宁和他的共产主义伙伴们还在流亡中。他拼命试图激进化起义，但他只能看着这场运动无法组织，自由派出卖穷人，沙皇占了人民的上风。愤怒的列宁认为，俄罗斯错失了一次真正的革命机会。从现在开始，他认为仅剩下的一条路是由工人进行武装革命。
Watching the events of 1905 unfold, Lenin learned a lot. The Tsar, however, would prove to have learned nothing. After the 1905 revolution had failed, the Tsar's new top man was Peter Stolopen, and he had big ideas to prevent any more chaos. Step one, reform agriculture. This will make the peasants love you. And step two, we'll kill anyone who doesn't. To discourage any more revolutionary ideas, Stolopen began to crack down even harder on the Tsar's opponents, and thousands were sentenced to death. The news even earned itself a new nickname. Stolopen's neck tie.
当肖像1905年的事件展开时，列宁学到了很多东西。然而，沙皇却证明没有学到什么。在1905年革命失败后，沙皇新的高层领导人是彼得·斯托洛彭。他有很大的计划，以防止任何更多的混乱。第一步，改革农业。这将使农民爱上你。第二步，我们将杀死所有不同意的人。为了阻止任何更多的革命思想，斯托洛彭开始更加严厉地打压沙皇的反对者，成千上万人被判处死刑。这个消息甚至赢得了一个新的绰号“斯托洛彭的领带”。
I don't get it. Oh, I see, because it goes around my neck. That's so funny. But despite the oppression, many positive reforms were also being made and the Russian economy even began to improve. This was a problem for Lenin. If the people weren't suffering, then they wouldn't support a revolution. Still an exile and lacking funds. The Bolsheviks simply weren't in a position to do anything.
我不明白。哦，我懂了，因为它在我颈子上绕了一圈。真有趣。尽管受到压迫，但许多积极的改革也正在进行中，俄罗斯经济甚至开始得到改善。这对列宁来说是个问题。如果人民没有遭受苦难，那么他们就不会支持革命。依然是流亡者并且缺乏资金，布尔什维克党根本无法做任何事情。
Luckily, it was around this time that Lenin met an incredibly handsome Georgian with your second favorite historical mustache, Joseph Stalin. Lenin and Stalin met at a Communist convention in Finland, and Lenin liked Stalin, because he was a real go-getter, and was great at fundraising for the Bolsheviks. And by fundraising, I mean kidnapping, robbing, extorting, bribing, ransoming, assassinating, prism breaking, stealing, bankrating, executioning, and stealing again. He's Stalin. The Minchiviks aren't so hot in all this stealing, but we still need money. So the next time you do a big heist, just do it quietly. Okay, quietly. Got it. If this isn't quiet, I don't know what it is. Stalin's wacky antics eventually got him exiled to Siberia, but he'd established himself as a big Bolshevik.
幸运的是，这时列宁遇到了一个极其英俊的格鲁吉亚人，他留着历史上第二受欢迎的胡须，他就是约瑟夫·斯大林。列宁和斯大林在芬兰的一次共产主义大会上相遇了，由于斯大林是个热心肠，擅长为布尔什维克党筹款，列宁非常喜欢他。筹款的方式包括绑架、抢劫、敲诈、贿赂、赎金、暗杀、监禁、偷窃、抢劫银行、执行死刑、再次偷窃等等。他就是斯大林。门氏克派在这些窃贼行动中表现得不太好，但我们仍需要钱。因此，下次你进行大抢劫时，请保持安静。好的，安静。明白了。如果这不算安静，我不知道什么才算安静了。最终，斯大林的古怪行为使他被流放到西伯利亚，但他已经成为了一个重要的布尔什维克党员。
However, no amount of Bolshevik bowls could stop what was happening. The Russian economy was making a recovery. For the Tsar, things were looking up. This is great. Olnickolas has to do a sit-back and not mess anything up. Hey everyone, big news. I'd like to introduce you to my new best friend. He's a crazy drunken, beardy, horny, scandal-ridden magic wizardman, and he smells like a goat. We're screwed. Raspbutan.
然而，再多布尔什维克彩螺钵也无法阻止正在发生的事情。俄罗斯经济正在复苏。对于沙皇来说，情况正在好转。这太好了。奥利尼科拉斯必须坐下来，不要搞砸任何事情。大家好，重磅消息。我想向大家介绍我的新朋友。他是一个疯狂的醉鬼、长胡子、好色、丑闻缠身的魔法巫师，闻起来像山羊。我们完蛋了。拉斯普丹。
A dirt poor peasant from dirt poor nowhere. But unlike all the other dirt poor peasants, Raspbutan had holy healing powers, and when this holy mystic wandered into St. Petersburg, people began to notice. He quickly became famous, and word of this mystery man in his healing hands made its way to the royal palace. The appearance of a holy homeless healer was of great interest to the Tsar and his wife. As far as worlds go, they weren't that inbred, but they were just inbred enough for their son Alexei to get hemophilia, or in layman's terms. Mamma mia, that's a lot of blood. Knowing Raspbutan could heal people.
一个来自贫瘠乡村的贫苦农民。但与其他所有贫苦的农民不同，拉斯普特恩具有神圣的治疗能力。当这位神秘的圣人闲逛到圣彼得堡时，人们开始注意到他。他很快就成了名人，他医治手段神奇的传说，传到了皇宫。一位神圣的无家可归的治疗者的出现，对沙皇和他的妻子非常感兴趣。他们不是那么封闭的世界，但他们也只是足够封闭，使得他们的儿子亚历克谢得了血友病。知道拉斯普特恩可以治愈人们。
In 1906, Alexander asked for Raspbutan to come and see if he could cure their son. And crazy as it sounds, Raspbutan did heal Alexei, possibly by taking him off his doctor prescribed aspirin. Having seemingly done the impossible, Raspbutan became very, very close to the royal family. But having a crazy homeless wizard man hanging around wasn't a good look for the Tsar, because Raspbutan was freaky. Not only was he a big fan of alcohol, but he'd also throw these crazy parties with Russian ability, where he'd be. and all night long, and then he'd be. his whole head. not a guy's. and nobody knew how the goat got on the roof. Initially, the press were banned from talking about Raspbutan. But eventually, the ban was lifted, and the tabloids went to town. The whole thing was a huge scandal, and everyone was freaked out that this guy was influencing Tsar and his wife.
1906年，亚历山大请求拉斯普丁过来看看，是否能治愈他们的儿子。尽管听起来很荒谬，但拉斯普丁确实治好了阿列克谢，可能是通过让他停止医生开的阿司匹林来实现的。看似做到了不可能的事情，拉斯普丁与皇室关系变得非常亲密。然而，让一个疯狂的无家可归的巫师在附近徘徊并不是沙皇的好形象，因为拉斯普丁非常古怪。他不仅是酒的狂热爱好者，而且还会举办这些疯狂的俄罗斯风格的派对。他整晚都在，然后他就这样，把自己的头在别人面前展示。没有人知道山羊是如何爬上房顶的。最初，媒体被禁止谈论拉斯普丁。但最终，禁令被解除，小报大肆报道。整件事引起了巨大的丑闻，每个人都感到恐慌，担心这个人正在影响沙皇和他的妻子。
Nicholas could have spent this period of relative peace improving his image. Instead, he spent it doing this. But as weird as the whole Raspbutan thing was, so long as the economy continued to improve, and the people's lives kept getting better, maybe Nick would be okay. Maybe there would be no more revolutions. Maybe this video could even end right here. Or maybe things were about to get worse. A lot worse. You see, the year is 1914, and that means it's time for World War I. One.
尼古拉可以利用这段相对和平的时间来提高自己的形象。然而，他却在做这件事。尽管整个Raspbutan事件很奇怪，但只要经济继续改善，人民的生活继续变得更美好，尼克也许就没什么问题了。也许不再有革命了。也许这个视频甚至可以在此结束。或者，情况即将变得更糟。远远更糟。你知道，现在是1914年，这意味着第一次世界大战来临了。