The Russian Revolution - OverSimplified (Part 2)
发布时间 2020-08-18 00:00:10 来源
While Nicholas had been busy playing with his new best friend, tensions in Europe had been rising. It just so happened that in 1914 one archduke France for a Nandovastria hungry went for a drive with the top down in Sarajevo. One thing leads to another, and suddenly Russia found itself at war with half of Europe. A wave of patriotism swept through Russia. The capital was renamed Petrograd because St. Petersburg sounded a bit too German. Even revolutionaries were getting on board. To them, World War I was a big stinky imperialist war, but they didn't want their big stinky imperialist replaced by a foreign one. So pretty much everyone wanted Russia to win.
在尼古拉斯忙于和新朋友玩耍的时候，欧洲的紧张局势正在加剧。恰恰在1914年，法国的一个大公爵因为饥饿去开车到瑟堡。事情一发不可收拾，俄罗斯突然陷入了与欧洲一半国家的战争。爱国主义在俄罗斯横扫，首都因为圣彼得堡听起来有点德国而改名为彼得格勒。甚至革命者也加入了战争。对他们来说，第一次世界大战是一个充满了帝国主义气息的大丑闻，但是他们不希望自己的帝国主义者被外国所替代。所以基本上每个人都希望俄罗斯获胜。
I hope Russia loses. Geez, read the room, Lenin. Lenin hoped Russia would lose because that would help him overthrow the Tsar. As long as he did that, who cares if Germany blows up half the country? And blow up half the country? They did. An inefficient, tsarist government meant there were shortages of just about everything you need to fight a war. And if losing a T.C. Wingsy war which Japan upset the people, losing a giant white war like this was much worse. Soldiers were deserting. The economy was imploding, and in no time Russia was starving. The peasants were getting more peasanty. The workers were getting more workery. All the while Germany was getting more germinary.
我的希望是俄罗斯失败。咦，列宁，你得看看情况。列宁希望俄罗斯失败，因为这将有助于他推翻沙皇。只要他做到了这一点，那么谁会在乎德国会摧毁这个国家的一半呢？而且摧毁了这个国家的一半？确实如此。一个效率低下的沙皇政府意味着战争所需的一切都短缺。如果输了一个由日本制造舆论乱了太虚之念的小战争，那么输掉这样一个白银战争就更糟了。士兵们在逃亡。经济正在崩溃，俄罗斯很快就会挨饿。农民变得更农民，工人变得更工人。而与此同时，德国变得更像德国。
Demetri, we need to win this war. I need someone with a great military mind to step in and take control. You're right. How about General Hickoluber? How about me? You can't run the war? Who will be in charge of the country while you're gone? Obviously, my German wife in a homeless wizard. Da! Nicholas declared himself commander in chief and went to the front lines, leaving his German wife in charge while they were fighting. The Germans. It wasn't a good look. And because Alexander was so close to Rasputin, people believed that he was actually calling the shots and secretly destroying Russia, and maybe even bonking her, and even worse her look.
迪米特里，我们需要赢得这场战争。我需要一个具有出色的军事头脑来接管。你说得对。海克洛伯将军怎么样？我呢？你不能掌管战争？你离开时谁将负责国家？显然，是我那个德国妻子兼无家可归的巫师。Da！尼古拉斯宣布自己为总司令，前往前线，离开时他的德国妻子负责管理国家。德国人。这不是一个好的形象。由于亚历山大与拉斯普京关系密切，人们认为他实际上在掌控局势，秘密摧毁俄罗斯，甚至可能有不光彩的行为，这更加破坏了她的形象。
At this point, a bunch of nobles just couldn't take it anymore. Rasputin is destroying the country. We have to break his magic spell over the Tsar. But how? He's magic. Hm, hm, hm, hm, hm. Dude. Very cool. Hey, it's Rasputin. The sexy party is running a little late, but in the meantime, why don't you try one of these totally not poisoned cakes? Dude! Why'd you say it like that? He's totally gonna know their poison now. Shut up! I said they're not poisoned. Dude, he just ate so much poison. How is he still alive? It must be the magic. Go with Plan B. Is he dead? C-Borse? I told you he was the anti-Christ, and you didn't believe me. Can you shut up for one minute and help me roll him up? Are you sure he's dead? I don't know, but I'm supposed to be hosting a charity auction right now. Can we get this over with? Okay, now he's dead.
在这一点上，一群贵族再也不能忍受了。拉斯普廷正在毁灭这个国家。我们必须打破他对沙皇的魔法咒语。但是怎么办？他是魔法。嗯，嗯，嗯，嗯，嗯。伙计。非常酷。嘿，这是拉斯普廷。性感派对有点迟到了，但与此同时，你为什么不尝试一下这些完全没有毒药的蛋糕呢？伙计！你为什么要这样说？他现在完全会知道那些蛋糕里有毒了。闭嘴！我说过它们没有毒药。伙计，他刚刚吃了那么多毒药，怎么还活着？一定是魔法。执行B计划。他死了吗？C-Borse？我告诉你，他是反基督，你不相信我。你能不能安静一分钟帮我滚他起来？你确定他死了吗？我不知道，但我现在应该主持慈善拍卖会。我们能不能快点？好的，现在他死了。
The murder of Rasputin, just like his life, is shrouded in mystery and speculation. He probably didn't really die like that. But he also probably didn't really heal people. He probably didn't influence the Tsar as much as people thought. He probably wasn't secretly destroying the country. But what he definitely did do, even in his death, was ruin the Tsar's reputation. Russia's autocracy looked more outdated than ever, and the Russian people were taking notice.
拉斯普京的谋杀，就像他的一生一样，被神秘和猜测所笼罩。他可能并没有真的以那种方式死去。但他也可能并不真正能够治愈人们。他可能并没有像人们想象的那样影响沙皇。他可能并没有在秘密地破坏这个国家。但是，他即使在死后，最终还是毁了沙皇的声誉。俄罗斯的专制统治看起来比以往任何时候都更过时，而俄罗斯人民正在注意到这一点。
Come on, men. Remember what we're fighting for? Yeah, no. We're out. World War I left Russia broke, hungry, and exhausted. And with Nicholas acting as Commander-in-Chief, he was getting even more blame. For the second time, Russia was on the brink of revolution. By 1917, Russia had been fighting a war it couldn't afford for three years. They were running out of many things, most worryingly, food. On International Women's Day, 1917, thousands of hungry women in Petrograd were so sick of being hungry that they took to the streets. And it turns out it's not just women who experienced hunger, but men too. So the next day they joined in as well. Gatherings on the streets were forbidden, but I'm not sure how you'd arrest 250,000 people.
来吧，伙计们。记得我们在为什么而战吗？好吧，算了。我们走吧。一战结束后，俄罗斯国家已经破产、饥荒和筋疲力尽。而由于尼古拉斯担任总司令，他因此承担了更多的责任。俄罗斯已经第二次处于革命的边缘了。到了1917年，俄罗斯已经参与了三年的一场本国无法承受的战争。他们缺乏很多东西，最让人担忧的是食物。1917年国际妇女节当天，成千上万的饥饿妇女在彼得格勒走上街头，她们已经受够了饥饿。结果证明，不仅是妇女，男人们也经历着饥饿。所以第二天，他们也加入了游行。虽然街头集会是被禁止的，但我不确定你怎么抓250,000人。
They entered the war and into food rationing, and even an end to the Tsar's atocracy. Now normally the troops would deal with this kind of thing. But as it turns out, soldiers get hungry too, and they were also tired of having to kill their fellow Russians so much. So entire regiments mutinied in the capital, and they joined the crowd as well. Trashing symbols of the Tsar and his autocratic regime. Things were escalating very quickly. Liberal politicians watching the rights in the streets had long been dissatisfied with the Tsar. Since he would shut their parliament down, anytime they did something he didn't like, they believed the only way to bring stability back to the streets was for Nicholas II to abdicate.
他们参加了战争和食品配给制度，甚至结束了沙皇专制。通常这种事情士兵们处理。但实际证明，士兵也会饥饿，他们也厌倦了不断杀害自己的同胞。因此，整个团级军队在首都发生了叛变，他们与人群一同加入了暴动，摧毁了沙皇和他的独裁政权的象征。情况迅速升级。自由主义政治家早已对街头权力不满意了，他们认为，由于尼古拉斯二世总是关闭议会，每当他不喜欢他们做的事情，他们认为，唯一将稳定带回街头的方式是尼古拉斯二世退位。
The riots continued. The police fired on soldiers, soldiers fired on soldiers. The workers reestablished the Petrograd Soviet. Politicians began arresting the Tsar's ministers. He may have been an autocrat, but he just lost complete control of his capital city. Talk about embarrassing.
骚乱持续了下去。警察向士兵开枪，士兵向士兵开枪。工人重新成立了彼得格勒苏维埃。政治家开始逮捕沙皇的大臣。他可能是一个独裁者，但他刚刚失去了对他的首都完全的控制。这真是令人尴尬。
Nicholas, the troops have turned against us. The people have taken over the city. They've even cut my phone line. Hello? Hello? Hmm, the phones are down. Things must be bad. Not better go back there. Nicholas hopped on the next train back to Petrograd, but he never made it to the city. His train was met by military generals and other politicians.
尼古拉斯，部队已经对我们反叛了。人民接管了城市。他们甚至切断了我的电话线。喂？喂？电话已经不通了。情况肯定很糟糕。最好不要回去了。尼古拉斯乘上了下一列前往彼得罗格勒的火车，但他从未到达过城市。他的火车被军事将军和其他政治家拦截了。
What's going on? Nicholas? Look, man. We need to talk. It's not you. It's us. Ah, who am I, kid? No, it's definitely you. During the whole crisis in Petrograd, the Liberals convinced the generals that if Nicholas abdicated, the people would calm down and the generals were on board. They didn't have time to quell the chaos because don't forget, they were still losing a global, all-encompassing war against the Germans. And with the military no longer on his side, Nicholas had no choice but to step down. Throughout his entire reign, he had done everything he could to keep all the power for himself, and in the end, that's exactly what left him with none.
发生了什么事？尼古拉斯？听着，伙计。我们需要谈谈。不是你的问题，是我们的问题。啊，我算个什么东西呢，孩子？不，毫无疑问是你的问题。在彼得罗格勒危机期间，自由党人说服了将军们，如果尼古拉斯退位，人民会冷静下来，将军们也同意了。他们没有时间平息混乱，因为别忘了，他们还在和德国人进行全球范围内的战争，并且军队不再支持他，尼古拉斯别无选择只能下台。在他的整个统治期间，他竭尽所能保持自己的权力，最终却让他失去了所有权力。
But then there was a big question. Who would replace Nicholas? Well, his son, Alexi, was next in line. Hey, buddy. Daddy couldn't handle the complex socioeconomic problems of a giant multinational multi-ethnic empire that's engaged in total war with all of Europe. You think you could give it a shot? Alexi just wasn't ready to be Zarr. Nicholas did have a brother, but given the state of the empire, he wasn't keen either. And so, 300 years of Romanov rule in Russia just kind of came to an end.
但随之而来的是一个重大问题：谁会接替尼古拉斯做沙皇呢？他的儿子阿列克谢是下一任皇位继承人。但是，孩子，爸爸都难以应对一个巨大的跨国种族帝国面临的复杂社会经济问题，而且还处于与整个欧洲的全面战争之中。你觉得你能试试吗？但是，阿列克谢并没有准备好成为沙皇。尼古拉斯有一个兄弟，但考虑到帝国的状况，他也不太想当沙皇。因此，罗曼诺夫王朝在俄罗斯的300年统治就这样结束了。
The earlier 1905 revolution hadn't changed much, but this new revolution had left Russia without a Zarr. And still, before the year was over, there would be one more revolution left to come. This is failure, as Commander of the Armed Forces was the final straw that broke the camel's back. Do you think maybe you could have done any better? Well, guess what? It's time to find out. In Rise of Kingdoms.
早前的1905年革命并没有改变太多，但这次新的革命却让俄国没有了沙皇。而在年底之前，还会有一次革命。作为武装部队指挥官的失败，是压垮骆驼的最后一根稻草。你认为你能做得更好吗？好了，现在是时候找出答案了——在《王国崛起》中。
Rise of Kingdoms is an epic, massive multiplayer, free-to-play, real-time strategy game. Choose from 11 historical civilizations, including Rome, China, or France. You can form alliances with other players or conquer the crap out of them in real-time strategic battles. Look, it's Master Tektician and Handsome General, Alexander the Great.
《王国崛起》是一款史诗级、大规模多人在线、免费即时策略游戏。你可以从包括罗马、中国或法国在内的11个历史文明中进行选择。你可以与其他玩家结盟，也可以在实时战略战役中征服其他玩家。看，那就是精明的战术家和英俊的将领，亚历山大大帝。
If you want my advice, the troop is the most important chess piece in a battle. In Rise of Kingdoms, each troop can be controlled. To win a battle, you need to utilize careful positioning through unique troop formations, while using terrain to your advantage. I literally won the battle of Gagamelat with fewer troops by using superior strategy. You're wrong. Jonah Vark! That's right, Noob. Listen up. I'm about to drop some knowledge. The Commander's skill is way more important. Each Rise of Kingdoms commander has their own unique skill. Look at me, I've added attack and defense buffs to my troops. Whoa, I'm also able to cure my wounded soldiers. Cool. And I can increase their wood gathering speed by 10%. That's not as cool, but okay. In Rise of Kingdoms, the decision is yours.
如果你想听我的建议，在战斗中部队是最重要的棋子。在《王者之兴》中，每个部队都可以被控制。要赢得战斗，你需要通过独特的部队编队进行小心的位置控制，同时利用地形优势。我通过卓越的策略只用比对方少的部队就赢得了加加梅拉特之战。你错了，约拿·瓦克！没错，菜鸟。听好了，我要传授一些智慧。指挥官的技能才是最重要的。《王者之兴》中每个指挥官都有自己独特的技能。看我，我为我的部队增加了攻击和防御增益。哇，我还能治愈我的受伤士兵。酷。我还能增加他们的采集速度10%。这不是很酷，但还好。在《王者之兴》中，决定权在你手中。
Now go ahead. Choose your favorite real historical figure and lead your troops into real-time battle. Download Rise of Kingdoms now for free by clicking on the link in the description below. Join me and 50 million other online players and guide your civilization from a lowly clan into a great empire.
现在就开始吧。选择你最喜欢的真实历史人物，带领你的部队参加实时战斗。通过点击下面描述中的链接，免费下载《王国崛起》。加入我和其他5000万在线玩家，引导你的文明从一个低贱的部落发展成为一个伟大的帝国。
Now where was I? Oh yeah. Hungry woman, absolute chaos, and the end of the Tsar. Oh, hey guys, says here there's been a revolution and the reign of the Tsars has ended. Oh come on, I missed another one. Why am I even in this video? Well, it's not like you could have done anything. As long as there's a World War, you can't get back to Russia. Who wants to start a Reba-Bab-Bloosh? I mean a Reba-Bloosh, dang it!
我在哪儿来着？哦，对了。饥饿的妇女，绝对的混乱，还有沙皇末日。哦，嘿，大家听说了吗？已经发生了一场革命，沙皇的统治结束了。噢，不要啊，我又错过了一次。我为什么要在这个视频里出现呢？哦，这并不意味着你能做到什么。只要有一场世界大战，你就回不到俄国了。谁想开始一场Reba-Bab-Bloosh呢？我的意思是Reba-Bloosh，该死！
Despite getting rid of Nick, Russia was still at war with half of Europe. The Germans, however, had an idea. They thought that if they helped Lenin get back, he would cause trouble for the new Russian government. So they put him on a train, destination, Petrograd. It was a long journey, and while Lenin was cooped up in his train, things in Russia were changing.
虽然已经摆脱了尼克，俄罗斯仍然与一半的欧洲国家处于战争状态。不过，德国人有一个想法。他们认为，如果帮助列宁返回，他会给新的俄罗斯政府制造麻烦。所以他们把他送上了一趟开往彼得格勒的火车。这是一段漫长的旅程，而当列宁困在火车里时，俄国的情况正在发生变化。
Workers were taking control of their factories. Soldiers were soaking it to their menal officers. Without a czar, a big old power vacuum had opened up, and someone needed to fill it.
工人们开始掌控他们的工厂。士兵们对待他们的心理军官非常残酷。在没有沙皇的情况下，一个巨大的权力真空已经形成，需要有人来填补它。
The Liberals proposed they be in charge, and they set up the provisional government. The workers, however, had already begun establishing local Soviets, largely controlled by the social revolutionaries and the Mensheviks. And since neither felt like they had the power to oust the other, Russia ended up in a classic, dual power conundrum. The two coexisted with the provisional government becoming the official government, and the elected Soviets issuing orders to the workers and soldiers.
自由党提出要掌控局面，他们成立了临时政府。然而，工人们已经开始建立地方苏维埃，这些苏维埃主要受社会革命党和孟什维克的控制。由于两方都觉得没有足够的权力来排斥对方，所以俄罗斯最终陷入了经典的双重权力困境。这两种权力共存，临时政府成为官方政府，而选举出来的苏维埃则向工人和士兵发布命令。
This power balance was delicate, and all it would take is one bold revolutionary to come along and give everyone a big brain to beat down. Oh boy! Lenin's coming home. We can't wait for him to see all the great things we've accomplished, and I'm going to show him my fanart.
这种权力平衡非常微妙，只需要一个大胆的革命家出现，就可以给每个人一个极好的机会来打破这个平衡。哦，天呐！列宁马上就要回来了。我们等不及要让他看看我们所取得的所有伟大成就，我也要向他展示我的粉丝艺术作品。
Oh look, here he comes now. Shut up, shut up! You all suck! The provisional government sucks? The Soviet sucks? Even your fanart sucks! What? What? Oh, it's the end of the piece so bad!
看啊，他现在来了。闭嘴，闭嘴！你们都很糟糕！过渡政府糟糕吗？苏维埃糟糕吗？甚至你的粉丝艺术都很糟糕！什么？什么？哦，这片结束得太糟糕了！
In case you couldn't tell, Lenin wasn't a fan of everything that had been happening. In his April thesis, he called the provisional government and the Soviets a bunch of big bourgeois bozos. He kinda had a point, there was still a lot for the Russian people to be mad about.
如果你还没有注意到，列宁并不是对一切事情都表示赞同的。在他的四月提纲中，他称临时政府和苏维埃是一群大资产阶级的笨蛋。他有点道理，因为俄罗斯人民还有很多原因感到愤怒。
The provisional government hadn't got rush out of the war, the people were still hungry, and the peasants were still hoping to get more land. Meanwhile, the Soviets hadn't done much to change things either, but even though they weren't perfect, a lot of people did like what the new government had been doing. There was progress. The secret police were disbanded, the death penalty abolished. They even planned to hold elections, meaning for the first time ever, the Russian people could choose their own government.
临时政府并没有匆忙结束战争，人民仍然感到饥饿，农民仍然希望获得更多土地。同时，苏维埃也没有做很多改变，但尽管他们并不完美，许多人还是喜欢新政府所做的事情。有些进展。特务机构被解散，死刑被废除。他们甚至计划进行选举，这意味着俄罗斯人民首次能够选择自己的政府。
To many, Lenin seemed like some out-of-touch weirdo. If Lenin wanted to go from whiny, relevant, zero to hunky, communist hero, he'd need to shake things up a bit. So he and the Bolsheviks came up with a hot new slogan that promised to give the people what the provisional government wouldn't. Peace!
对于许多人来说，列宁似乎是一个与时代脱节的怪人。如果列宁想要从一个爱抱怨、不起眼的零值人物变成一个英俊的共产主义英雄，他需要改变一下策略。于是，他和布尔什维克党提出了一个炙手可热的新口号——承诺给人民带来临时政府无法实现的和平。
Don't like war? We'll end it. Land. You want land? We'll give it to you. Bread. Hungry. Scooby-Doo-Bee-Doo. Lenin also called for all power to the Soviets, which meant getting rid of the provisional government and having the Soviets run the place. A communist dream.
不喜欢战争吗？我们会结束它。土地。你想要土地吗？我们会给你。面包。饥饿了吗？史酷比-杜比-杜。列宁还呼吁赋予苏维埃全权，这意味着摆脱临时政府，让苏维埃来掌控事情。这是一个共产主义的梦想。
The people liked these slogans, and bit by bit, the Bolsheviks became more popular. Some inchoviks even began switching sides, but even though the people thought Lenin slogans rocked, as long as the provisional government didn't mess up, that continued to support it. So let's check in on the provisional government.
人民喜欢这些口号，布尔什维克党也逐渐变得更加受欢迎。一些不安分的人甚至开始改变立场，但是只要临时政府不出差错，人民依然会支持它，尽管大家觉得列宁的口号很棒。因此，我们来看看临时政府的情况。
Oh, provisional government, you've made a big mess. The provisional government lasted for just nine months, but those nine months were chaos. The people wanted Russia out of World War I, but Minister of War Alexander Khrinsky thought instead of doing that, why not do the exact opposite? If the people saw more Russian victories, they'd have to support the new government, and that went just about as well as you might expect.
哦，临时政府，你搞得一团糟。临时政府只持续了九个月，但那九个月却是一片混乱。人们想让俄罗斯退出第一次世界大战，但战争部长亚历山大·克林斯基却认为，为什么不做相反的事情呢？如果人们看到更多的俄罗斯胜利，他们就必须支持新政府，但情况并不如你所预期的那样好。
These heavy defeats worsened the Russian economy and made the hungry people hungrier. And by now, I think you know what comes next. They trashed the place. More looting. More rioting. More violence. It was like this R had never abdicated. Tens of thousands of armed workers took to the streets during some of the worst violence Petrograd had seen yet.
这些严重的失败加剧了俄罗斯经济的恶化，使得民众更加饥饿。而且，我相信你现在已经知道接下来会发生什么了。他们破坏了这个地方。更多的抢劫，更多的暴动，更多的暴力行为。就像这个R从没有退位一样。数以万计的武装工人走上街头，在彼得罗格勒发生了一些最严重的暴力事件。
And in response, Khrinsky called in the troops who opened fire on the demonstrators. For now, Lenin and other Bolshevik leaders wanted to distance themselves from the violence, but the crowds marched under Bolshevik slogans.
作为回应，赫林斯基派军队开枪射击抗议者。目前，列宁和其他布尔什维克领袖想要与暴力保持距离，但人群却高喊着布尔什维克口号前进。
And as a result, Khrinsky, now the Prime Minister, took the opportunity to stamp down on the Bolsheviks. Their leaders were arrested. Lenin was accused of being a German agent and he was forced to flee to Finland in disguise. This sucks! Now I'll never get to have my revolution. Why are you wearing a dress? It's a disguise, idiot. And it makes me feel pretty.
因此，现在担任总理的 Khrinsky 抓住机会压制了布尔什维克。他们的领导人被逮捕。列宁被指控为德国特工，被迫伪装逃往芬兰。这太糟糕了！现在我永远无法进行我的革命了。你为什么穿着裙子？这是伪装，白痴。而且让我觉得漂亮。
Khrinsky had successfully dealt with the violence, but he just couldn't catch a break. This increasing support for more extreme forms of socialism, along with the poor handling of the war, alarmed traditional liberals and bougie business boys. To appease them, Khrinsky decided to promote a military legend to supreme commander of the armed forces. Someone who hated the revolution loved the death penalty and was devoutly anti-socialist. General Cornelov.
Khrinsky成功地处理了暴力事件，但他似乎无法休息。越来越多人支持更极端的社会主义，加上战争处理不当，让传统自由主义者和资本家感到担忧。为了平息他们的担忧，Khrinsky决定提拔一个军事传奇人物为武装部队的最高指挥官。这个人痛恨革命、支持死刑，是坚定的反社会主义者。他就是Cornelov将军。
Hey man, thanks for the promotion. That was real swell of you. Of course, with you by my side, who would dare try to overthrow me? How about me? I did not see this coming. Unfortunately for Khrinsky, Cornelov hated the liberal and socialist reforms of the new government, particularly the dumb socialist soldier's committees. The army was no place for undisciplined left-wing snowflakes. Fearing a Bolshevik takeover was imminent, Cornelov ordered his men towards Petrograd to ask the Soviet and take over.
嘿，伙计，感谢你的晋升。你真是太好了。当然，有你在我身边，谁会敢试图推翻我呢？但对我来说呢？我没想到会有这个机会。不幸的是，克林斯基自由和社会主义改革让新政府中的科尔内洛夫非常憎恨，尤其是愚蠢的社会主义士兵委员会。部队不是让无纪律的左翼小屁孩们瞎搞的地方。由于担心布尔什维克的接管即将到来，科尔内洛夫命令他的部队前往彼得格勒，要求苏维埃接管并掌控。
Khrinsky freaked out and he needed help. Since he knew Trotsky was finger-licking good at organizing, he and other Bolshevik leaders were released. And they, along with the Soviet, organized the defense of Petrograd. Cornelov had the power of soldiers, but the Soviet had the power of workers. And they did what workers do best. Railroad workers diverted Cornelov's men away. Telegraph workers messed with his communications. They even infiltrated his forces and encouraged the demoralized men to desert. They were also armed on mass. But in the end, no fighting was necessary because Cornelov's coup just fell apart. And Cornelov was sent straight to prison.
克林斯基非常紧张，他需要帮助。因为他知道托洛茨基擅长组织，所以他和其他布尔什维克领袖被释放了。他们与苏维埃一起组织了保卫彼得格勒的行动。科尔内洛夫拥有士兵的力量，但苏维埃拥有工人的力量。他们展现出了工人最擅长的本领。铁路工人将科尔内洛夫的部队引开。电报工人干扰他们的通讯。他们甚至潜入对方部队鼓励士气低落的士兵脱离。他们也大规模武装起来。但最后，没有发生战斗，因为科尔内洛夫的政变就此瓦解。科尔内洛夫也直接被送进了监狱。
Everything was coming up Khrinsky. Hey, thanks for the help boys. Couldn't have done it without you. Now that there's no longer any threat, how about you, uh, return all those guns that gave you? Hmm. No. Oh no. In order to kill a rat, Khrinsky had just given a gun to a bear. A Bolshevik bear. The whole affair was a huge propaganda win for them. They had defended the revolution and their popularity skyrocketed. They found themselves elected to the Petrograd of Moscow's Soviets, with Trotsky even becoming chairman in Petrograd. They were now in a very powerful position. Most powerful enough for Lenin to return him from Finland. And finally, stages long awaited, communist, revolution.
一切都向克林斯基发展。嘿，感谢你们的帮助，伙计们。没有你们，我就无法完成了。既然现在不再有威胁了，你们能把那些给你们的枪还回来吗？嗯，不行。哦不。为了杀死老鼠，克林斯基刚刚把枪交给了一头布尔什维克熊。整件事对他们来说是巨大的宣传胜利。他们维护了革命，并且他们的受欢迎程度急剧上升。他们被选为彼得格勒和莫斯科的苏维埃，并且特洛茨基甚至成为彼得格勒的主席。他们现在处于非常有权力的位置。足够强大，以至于列宁从芬兰回来了。最终，期待已久的共产主义革命终于来临了。
The Bolsheviks began planning their takeover of the Russian government. Some got cold feet and began arguing against Lenin's armed revolution in favor of a more peaceful approach. And they even wrote newspaper articles about it, which kind of gave the whole scheme away. The Bolsheviks are planning an armed revolution? I did not see this coming. Khrinsky began arresting Bolsheviks. And as a result, Lenin and the boys felt they had no choice but to commence the revolution right now.
布尔什维克人开始计划夺取俄罗斯政府的控制。一些人开始对列宁的武装革命提出异议，主张采取更和平的方法。他们甚至在报纸上发表文章，显露了整个计划。布尔什维克人正在计划武装革命？我没有预料到这一点。克林斯基开始逮捕布尔什维克人。因此，列宁和他的同志们觉得他们别无选择，只好立即开始革命。
Lenin was back in Petrograd, but was still in hiding. Satrotsky got the ball rolling. Using his position as Soviet chairman to organize the Bolshevik militias. Now, if you were to ask Soviet artists, the revolution went something like this. As much as they would like you to think it was a glorious, violent, heroic takeover, the truth seems to be a little more underwhelming. The Bolsheviks just kind of walked into key buildings in the city and took control. Bolsheviks supporting sailors even brought in a huge battleship, but there wasn't really any fighting. Nobody really tried to stop them. In just one day, they took control of the city.
列宁已经回到了彼得格勒，但他仍在躲藏中。萨特罗茨基开始了行动。他利用自己作为苏维埃主席的地位组织了布尔什维克民兵。现在，如果你问苏联艺术家，革命大致是这样发生的。尽管他们希望让你认为这是一次光荣的、暴力的、英雄式的接管，但事实似乎要更加平淡一些。布尔什维克人只是步行进入了城市的重要建筑，掌控了局势。支持布尔什维克派的水手甚至带来了一艘巨型战舰，但并没有真正打仗。没有人真正试图阻止他们。他们只用了一天的时间就掌控了这个城市。
Next, Khrinsky just managed to escape before the Bolsheviks surrendered the Winter Palace, placing the provisional government under siege inside. Is it safe to come out yet? I think so. Fear my revolutionary might! Give me that. That night, Lenin came out of hiding to play a bigger role in the revolution. With him back at the helm, they had one more job to do. He stormed the Winter Palace and arrest the provisional government. And here comes the final showdown.
接下来，赫林斯基仅在布尔什维克投降冬宫包围其中的临时政府之前成功逃脱。现在可以出来了吗？我想应该可以了。害怕我的革命力量吧！把那个给我。那晚，列宁脱离隐匿状态，扮演更大的革命角色。有他掌舵，他们还有一个任务要完成。他冲进了冬宫，逮捕了临时政府。最终大决战就要到来了。
The palace was defended by a force known as the battalion of death, who immediately gave up. And just like that, Lenin had won. As far as violent, bloody revolutionary operasins go, this wasn't really one of them. But Lenin was finally in charge of Russia. He had spent his whole life dreaming of this moment. He set up the first council of people's commasars, his own cabinet, with him in charge. This was it. We can't just finally make his communist utopia with equality and freedoms beyond compare.
这座宫殿被一个被称为“死亡营”的部队保卫着，而这个部队马上投降了。就这样，列宁获得了胜利。关于暴力、血腥的革命行动，这不算是一个真正的例子。但是，列宁终于掌控了俄罗斯。他一生都在梦想着这一刻。他组建了第一个人民委员会，也就是自己的内阁，并以自己为首。这就是了。他可以最终实现他的共产主义乌托邦，提供无比平等和自由的生活。
Hey Lenin, before we took power, they were planning on holding elections. Shall we go ahead with those? Of course. You can't have a communist utopia without high levels of political participation. The proletariat should be free to be lost. We lost. What? The social revolutionaries won. We lost. Those don't count.
嘿列宁，在我们夺取政权之前，他们计划进行选举。我们是否应该继续进行？当然。没有高水平的政治参与，就不可能有共产主义乌托邦。无产阶级应该有自由迷茫的权利。我们失败了。什么？社会革命党人获胜了。我们失败了。那些不算。
Lenin claimed the elections were unfair, and the constituent assembly they created was counter-revolutionary. He presented the new assembly with a motion that basically said, sign here and give up your power. And when the assembly was like, no, Lenin said, see? They're disobeying me. Proof their counter-revolutionary. Shut it down, boys.
列宁声称选举不公平，并且由其创建的制宪会议是反革命的。他向新的制宪会议提交了一项动议，基本上是说：在这里签字放弃你们的权力。当制宪会议拒绝时，列宁说，看？他们不听从我，证明他们是反革命的。关闭它，伙计们。
Moderate socialists and others weren't happy when Lenin had the assembly closed by force. And when campaigners began taking to the streets, they were fired upon. For Lenin, setting up a communist utopia was looking suspiciously like setting up a dictatorship. While he was implementing many of the communist policies you'd expect, he was also refusing to work with other political parties and cracking down an opposition. Hey Lenin, are you setting up a dictatorship? I'll shoot you if you are. Of course not. What a crazy theory. Anyway, I'm pleased to announce I'm setting up a secret police force to repress and kill traitors. And by traitors, I of course made anyone not loyal to me. The assassination attempt made on Lenin's life in August 1918 failed. But in response, the Bolsheviks ramped up their oppression.
当列宁强制关闭议会时，温和社会主义者和其他人并不满意。当活动家开始走上街头时，他们遭到了枪击。对于列宁来说，建立一个共产主义乌托邦看起来怀疑带有独裁色彩。虽然他正在实施许多你所期望的共产主义政策，但他也拒绝与其他政党合作，并打压反对派。嘿，列宁，你在建立独裁政权吗？如果是，我会射杀你。当然不是。多么疯狂的理论。无论如何，我很高兴宣布我正在建立一个秘密警察部队来镇压和杀害叛徒。而叛徒当然是指不忠于我任何人。1918年8月对列宁的暗杀未遂，但作为回应，布尔什维克加强了他们的压制。
But while all of this chaos was erupting back home, Lenin and the boys were also distracted by another problem. They were still at war with the Germans, and they had promised to give the people peace. Lenin made Trotsky Commasar for foreign affairs, and sent him off to negotiate a peace deal with the Germans. The Germans offered Trotsky really harsh terms, you know, because they were winning the war. They demanded Russia give up a but ton of land, something that would be devastating to the economy.
然而，当所有这些混乱在国内爆发时，列宁和他的同志们也被另一个问题所分心。他们仍然和德国人打着战争，而他们曾经承诺给人民带来和平。列宁任命托洛茨基为外交部长，派他去与德国人谈判达成一项和平协议。由于他们正在赢得这场战争，德国人提出了严厉的条款，要求俄罗斯放弃一大块土地，这将对经济造成毁灭性的影响。
Look, I know it's not great, but I think we have to accept it. Are you insane? This will ruin us. Hey Trotsky, you got a big brain. What do you think? How about no war, no peace? What's that, Mr. Trotsky, sir? It's simple. No war means we'll stop fighting the Germans, but no peace means we won't sign the peace treaty either. Then, when the Germans say we've just stopped fighting, they'll have to leave us alone or something. Trotsky, that's genius. I could kiss you. Do you want me to kiss you?
看，我知道这不是很好，但我认为我们必须接受它。你疯了吗？这会毁了我们。嘿，特洛茨基，你很聪明。你觉得怎么样？不打仗也不和平怎么样？什么，特洛茨基先生？很简单。不打仗意味着我们停止与德国人战斗，但不和平意味着我们也不会签署和平条约。然后，当德国人说我们只是停止了战斗时，他们就必须离开我们或做些其他的事情。特洛茨基，你太聪明了，我可以吻你一下吗？
Stop asking me that. Trotsky's no war, no peace plan was a huge success. Oh, wait, no, just kidding. It went exactly as you'd imagine. When the Germans saw the Russians had stopped fighting, they slammed 700,000 troops deep into Russian territory with no resistance. Now, the new peace treaty offered by the Germans was way worse, with Russia losing a huge amount of territory, population, and resources. The Bolsheviks had no choice but to accept, and Russia was humiliated. With Petrograd now in an exposed position, Lenin moved the capital to Moscow.
不要再问我那个问题了。特洛tsky的"战争即无和平"计划是一个巨大的成功。哦，等一下，不，我开玩笑的。它完全和你想象的一样。当德国人看到俄国停止战斗时，他们没有遭到任何抵抗，就把70万军队深入俄罗斯领土。现在，德国提供的新和平条约更糟糕，俄国失去了大量领土、人口和资源。布尔什维克们别无选择，只能接受，俄罗斯蒙羞了。由于彼得格勒（现圣彼得堡）处于暴露地位，列宁把首都迁到了莫斯科。
Just in case, things really weren't going well for Lenin, and many, many people were extremely unhappy with the Bolshevik government and its actions. Lenin, you've pissed off so many people that they've united against you. We're under attack. Relax! We always expected some counter-revolutionary pushback. I think we can handle a few angry monopoly men. But Lenin, it's not just the monopoly men. Okay, who are we up against? Well, the Liberals, the Social Revolutionaries, National Separate, Sampoulin, Finland, and the Ukraine Independent World War, setting up chief-tems, Antikas, Rebels, the Green Pesendarmies, the Kossaks, the Caucasian states, the Baltic states, the British, the French, the Americans, and the Japanese.
如果情况实在不顺利，许多人对布尔什维克政府及其行动感到极度不满。列宁，你已经得罪了太多人，他们联合起来反对你。我们正受到攻击。放松！我们一直预计会遭到一些反革命反击。我认为我们可以处理一些愤怒的垄断资本家。但列宁，不仅仅是垄断资本家。好的，我们要面对谁？嗯，自由派、社会革命党、国家分离派、桑普林、芬兰、乌克兰、设立首席团、反对派、绿色警察军、哥萨克人、高加索国家、波罗的海国家、英国、法国、美国和日本。
Oh, and Aleisterin of Czechoslovakian soldiers seemed to have taken over the Trans-Iberian railway and stolen all the imperial gold reserves. What? How could this get any worse? Oh, and it says here your mother-in-law is coming to stay. No! A variety of anti-Bolshevik forces had united together to topple Lenin's government and Russia descended into a full-blown civil war.
哦，还有，捷克士兵的Aleisterin似乎接管了横跨伊比利亚的铁路，并窃取了所有的皇家金库储备。什么？这怎么可能更糟糕呢？哦，这里还说你的婆婆要来住了。不！各种反布尔什维克势力联合起来，推翻了列宁政府，俄罗斯陷入了一场全面的内战。
Now, the Russian Civil War was extremely intricate and would really need its own video. But essentially, the anti-Bolshevik white movement gained control of vast, underdeveloped areas while the Bolshevik Reds controlled the industrial heartland, using this to their advantage, along with the surprising military genius of Trotsky and the shocking disorganization of the White Army. The fortified Red Army gradually came out on top. It was an absolutely brutal conflict, with both sides committing horrendous atrocities.
现在，俄国内战非常复杂，实际上需要一个专门的视频来讲解。但基本上，反布尔什维克的白色运动在控制广阔、欠发达的地区方面取得了胜利，而布尔什维克的红色力量则控制了工业心脏地带，并利用此优势，加上托洛茨基的惊人的军事天才和白军的惊人的无组织性。被加强的红军逐渐占据上风。这场战争是极其残酷的，双方都犯下了可怕的暴行。
To maintain order at home, the Bolsheviks began the Red Terror, and the secret police would execute tens of thousands of suspected traitors. No one was safe from the violence, not even Nicholas himself.
为了维持国内秩序，布尔什维克开始实行“红色恐怖”，秘密警察会处决成千上万被怀疑为叛徒的人。连尼古拉斯本人也无法避免这种暴力。
You've probably been wondering what Nicholas has been up to this whole time. Well, after his abdication, he and his family were placed under house arrest.
你可能一直在想尼古拉斯在这段时间里在干嘛。在他退位后，他和他的家人被软禁。
At first, they were allowed to live in their usual luxury, but after Lenin took over, their conditions worsened. The Bolsheviks were just holding on to Nick until they could work out what to do with him, but the Civil War complicated things.
起初，他们被允许过着富裕的生活，但在列宁接管后，他们的条件变得更糟了。布尔什维克党人一直在等待时机，试图找出如何处理尼克的问题，但内战使情况变得更加复杂。
The last thing they wanted was for Nick to be freed by the White Armies, and so, to stop this from happening, Nicholas' Bolshevik guards decided to act. It's not entirely certain whether Lenin ordered it, or if the guards were acting on their own volition. But on July 17th, 1918, with White Armies approaching, they woke Nicholas and his family in the middle of the night and brought them into the basement. There, a drunken squad of Bolsheviks murdered the entire family.
他们最不希望的事情就是让尼克被白军释放，为了阻止这种情况发生，尼古拉斯的布尔什维克警卫决定采取行动。不完全确定是列宁下令，还是警卫依照自己的意愿行动。但在1918年7月17日，白军接近时，他们在深夜把尼古拉斯和他的家人唤醒，带到地下室。然后，一群醉酒的布尔什维克人杀害了整个家庭。
Nicholas, the last czar, once one of the most powerful men alive, had met a brutal end. But after years of fighting and millions of deaths, Trotsky and his Red Army came out victorious. Wow, that was a close one. Okay, back to creating a communist utopia.
尼古拉斯，最后的沙皇，曾经是世界上最有权力的人之一，但他最终惨遭杀害。然而，经过多年的战斗和数百万人的死亡，托洛茨基及其红军最终获胜。哇，那真是一个惊险的时刻。好了，现在回到创造共产主义乌托邦的计划上。
How are we doing on that? Well, the Civil War helped create a massive famine, and about 5 million people starved to death. There's massive inflation in the rubles worthless, hundreds and hundreds of kilometers of railway track have been destroyed. The seasoned epidemics have killed 3 million. The population of Moscow and Petrograd has collapsed. Life expectancy is plummeted. Sailors in Kronschtäder are rebelling. People are freezing to death, and their own apartments and life has been reduced to a constant search for food and shelter. Whoa-ho.
我们在那方面的进展如何呢？嗯，内战导致了一场巨大的饥荒，大约500万人死于饥饿。卢布的大幅通货膨胀导致其毫无价值，成千上万公里的铁路轨道被摧毁。激增的疾病造成了300万人死亡。莫斯科和彼得格勒的人口急剧减少，寿命也急剧下降。克朗斯塔德的水手们正在反抗。人们冻死在自己的公寓里，他们的生活已经变成了不断寻找食物和住所。哇哦。
Well, this just means I'll have to work twice as hard. Day and night to save the country. Nothing will stop me. Short of a couple of sudden strokes. Get the doctor.
这意味着我要加倍努力，日夜工作来拯救国家。除非突然中风，否则我不会停下。请叫医生。
One thing you have to keep in mind is that everything I've been talking about, the Civil War, the assassination attempt, and Lenin struggled to maintain controlled home. We're all happening around the same time, and it must have been extremely stressful.
你需要铭记的一件事情是，我一直在谈论的所有事情，包括内战、暗杀企图和列宁努力维持控制家庭，都发生在相同的时间。这一定是非常有压力的。
Lenin began getting headaches, insomnia, and in 1922 he suffered two separate strokes. As the Soviet Union was officially declared under a strict one-party system, Lenin's health continued to decline, and his ability to lead the Communist Party went with it.
列宁开始出现头痛、失眠的症状，1922年他遭受了两次独立的中风。随着苏联正式宣布成为一个严格的一党制国家，列宁的健康状态继续恶化，他领导共产党的能力也随之下降。
Everybody assumed Trotsky would succeed him. He was a great speaker, he'd won the Civil War, and he had a dope ass train. The last person anyone expected to take over was Stalin. Stalin wasn't a great intellectual like Lenin, or a charismatic war hero like Trotsky. He was, as one Munchevik described him, a great blur. Someone who operated in the background. Someone who you might not even notice, but it was in the background that Stalin would rise to power.
每个人都认为托洛茨基会接替列宁。他是一个伟大的演讲家，他赢得了内战，他有一辆酷炫的火车。最后一个人预计要接管权力的人就是斯大林。斯大林不像列宁那样是一个伟大的智者，也不像托洛茨基那样是一个有魅力的战争英雄。正如蒙什韦克所形容的那样，他是一个伟大的模糊人物。一个在幕后运作的人。你可能甚至没有注意到他，但正是在幕后，斯大林才得以崛起。
Here's how it happened. After the revolution, all the Bolsheviks hoped to get a cool job in the new government. What did you get? Commissar for war. Sweet! What'd you get? Secretary. Stalin was made general secretary for the Communist Party. It wasn't what he wanted, but Stalin quickly realized that even though it wasn't fancy, it was a powerful position.
这是它发生的方式。革命之后，所有的布尔什维克都希望在新政府中得到一个很酷的工作。你得到了什么？战争委员会委员。棒极了！你得到了什么？秘书。斯大林被任命为共产党的总书记。尽管这不是他想要的，但斯大林很快意识到，即使这不是花哨的，也是一个强有力的职位。
As secretary, he had the power to give people jobs within the party, so he would give jobs to all of his pals who in turn would give them their support. The more pals he gave jobs, the more power he got. The more power he got, the more pals he got. Lenin may have been having wall-to-wall strokes, but he was still involved in the party, and he was taking notice.
作为秘书，他有权力在党内给人提供工作，因此他会给所有的朋友们提供工作，并得到他们的支持。他给越多的朋友们工作，他就获得越多的权力。他获得的权力越大，他得到的朋友就越多。列宁可能正在遭受一系列风中的中风，但他仍在参与党的事务，并且在关注着。
He wasn't a fan of Stalin abusing his position, or insulting his wife to her face. Lenin knew he couldn't let Stalin take over, but by this stage, he was just too sick to fight it. Hey man, tell whoever is in charge of giving people jobs not to let that jerk Stalin become the next leader. By the way, who did I put in charge of giving people jobs? That would be Stalin, sir. Well, deja vu.
他不喜欢斯大林滥用职权，或当面侮辱他的妻子。列宁知道他不能让斯大林接管，但到了这个阶段，他已经太虚弱了，无法进行抗争。嘿，告诉负责分配工作的人不要让那个混球斯大林成为下一任领导人。顺便问一下，我委任了谁负责分配工作？那就是斯大林，先生。嗯，这真是历史重演。
Lenin's last wish was to not let Stalin take over, but by the time he died, Stalin was too powerful to remove. He had his remaining opponents arrested or killed. Trotsky was banished and fled to Europe. Eventually, he would be assassinated by Soviet spies in 1940.
列宁的遗愿是不想让斯大林接任，但是他去世时，斯大林已经太强大了，无法被撤换。他逮捕或杀害了剩余的反对者。托洛茨基被流放并逃亡到欧洲。最终，他在1940年被苏联间谍暗杀。
Our dear comrade Lenin has died. We should have a state funeral. No. Let's mummify him and put him on display so people can look at his dead body forever. That's gross! You're gross! Guards? Kill him.
我们亲爱的同志列宁去世了。我们应该给他举行国家葬礼。不。让我们将他为成为木乃伊，并将其展示给人们永久观赏。那很恶心！你很恶心！警卫？杀了他。
意思是，有人建议纪念列宁的方式，但这个建议被认为很恶心，最终导致了对话的暴力冲突。
Lenin had waited so long to take control in Russia, but he never got to see his communist utopia. His short time in charge was spent dealing with the destroyed Russian economy, World War 1, and the Civil War. He was cruel and merciless. But he really did seem to believe communism would make Russia a better place.
列宁长期等待掌控俄罗斯，但他未能看到他的共产主义乌托邦。他短暂的掌权期间，花费在处理被毁的俄国经济、一战和内战上。他残忍而无情。但他似乎真的相信，共产主义能让俄罗斯变得更美好。
Stalin, on the other hand, would take this Soviet Union down a different path. If you thought Lenin was a tyrant, well, you ain't seen nothing yet, girl. A secret police state, a rapidly militarizing superpower, led by a paranoid man who deeply distressed at the west, would see the world come to the brink of nuclear annihilation.
另一方面，斯大林会让苏联走上一条不同的道路。如果你认为列宁是一个暴君，那么你还没有见过斯大林的真面目，女孩。一个秘密警察国家，一个快速军事化的超级大国，由一个极度烦恼于西方的偏执狂领导，会让世界走向核毁灭的边缘。
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