Hi, and welcome. I'm Joey Canizzaro, and I'm joined by my fellow faculty at Kepler College, Anthony Lewis and Nadia Anderson. We wanted to have a conversation today about two interrelated but distinct timing techniques, circumambulations and primary directions. And this seemed like a great opportunity to bring faculty from different certificates, different programs at Kepler together for a conversation. So that's our plan. Basic profiler explanation of these two techniques for those of you who are like, what are you even talking about when you're saying circumambulations and primary directions? Let's jump in.
Nadia Anderson is an astrologer and researcher specializing in ancient astrological traditions, integrating Babylonian, Hellenistic and medieval Arabic sources. She teaches in the Hellenistic Astrology Certificate Program at Kepler College and has trained extensively with Demetri George as well as Benjamin Dykes. Anthony Lewis is a retired psychiatrist who's been studying astrology as a serious avocation since his early teens. His longstanding interest in the history and symbolism of the divinatory arts has led him to lecture internationally and publish numerous articles and books on astrology, tarot, and other forms of divination.
Nadia Anderson 是一位占星师和研究人员,专注于古代占星学传统,整合了巴比伦、希腊化和中世纪阿拉伯的资料。她在凯普勒学院的希腊化占星证书项目中任教,并曾师从Demetri George和Benjamin Dykes进行深入培训。Anthony Lewis 是一位退休的精神科医生,从少年时期就开始认真研究占星学。他长期以来对占卜艺术的历史和象征意义的兴趣,使他在国际上进行演讲,并发表了许多关于占星术、塔罗牌和其他占卜形式的文章和书籍。
His highly acclaimed text on horror astrology first appeared in 1991 and was revised and reissued in 1996. His book Tarot, plain and simple, now has over 150,000 copies in print. In January of 2026, as a teacher in the medieval astrology curriculum, he offered a course on primary directions at Kepler College. Anthony is a member of the Astrological Society of Connecticut. You can find his blog at tonylewis.wordpress.com. So again, just thank you so much for being here, both of you. And let's talk about circumambulations in primary directions.
I'm so thrilled also to be having this conversation with both of you, really looking at this relationship between primary directions and circumambulations, which I really feel are like two sides of the same coin in so many ways. Like, I think there's differences with them that I'm excited to talk through with both of you. But there's also so much that's similar, a shared history, and they're both based in the same astronomical phenomenon of primary motion, which is very important for both of them.
So I thought what I would do is start by just talking through circumambulations as a technique and really emphasizing how important primary motion is to the technique. One of the things that I really, really love about circumambulations is that even though there's aspects of it that can be incredibly complex, like the calculations in particular, but also the interpretive nuance that goes into the technique, even though those things are complex, the actual technique is grounded in something that is incredibly simple, which is observational astronomy.
And hopefully that is very clear on this slide that we're looking at. So this is the sky at the moment that Andrea Bocelli was born. And we'll be looking at Bocelli's chart throughout today's conversation. So what I want to do right now is just play a kind of animation of the sky's movement in the first six hours or so after he was born. So pay attention to the ascendant, the eastern horizon, and then you'll see as the sky begins to rotate with primary motion, the different planets will rise, culminate, and eventually set on the western horizon.
So if we pause it here, this has actually been about six hours since Bocelli was born. It moves quickly. And you'll notice that on the eastern horizon, Saturn is rising. So Saturn is activating the ascendant. Saturn is in Sagittarius in the bounds of Saturn. So those bounds are also activating the ascendant. And this is exactly what astrologers are looking at with circumambulations is they're paying attention to this movement of the planets and the bounds in the sky in the hours after birth.
And they're treating that motion as a kind of symbolic unfolding of the entire life. So that movement, I'll just say like, very high level is measured with ascensional times, traditionally in the technique of circumambulations. So we would say that roughly a degree rising on the ascendant would correspond to a year of life. We all know that, you know, depending on our latitude and the signs of short and long ascension, like that will change a little bit. So that's a very rough estimation.
So that's a very rough estimation. And the calculations can become more complex. But at its core, the technique is like very beautifully simple. It's looking at this motion of the primary motion of the sky. It's treating that as a sort of symbolic unfolding of the life over time. And it's looking at the planets that are activating the chart and a specific point in the chart and treating those as time lords. So that is a sort of overview.
Now, if we change perspective, we've been looking at this 3D model of the celestial sphere. If we now look at the sky at the exact same moment that Bocelli was born, but now from the perspective of a 2D birth chart, I'm going to just recreate that same six hours of primary motion. So we'll pay attention to the ascendant and we'll make that same red line, which shows the movement of the planets and stars rising up over the eastern horizon. But now you'll notice that instead of seeing the stars rising up in a clockwise direction, we're seeing this movement happening in a counterclockwise motion. So it's just really important to know that we're looking at the exact same details, but our perspective has shifted. It's so helpful to see it that way. Thank you, Nadia, for the visual of the three dimensions and then the two dimensions of the chart.
Totally. Yeah, because it's like very counterintuitive. And when I was first learning this technique, that didn't instantly click for me. And I think once you realize that like it really is this tracking of the shifting degrees that are rising across the ascendant, you begin to understand like how powerful this technique is and how simple. So we are just again looking at that circumambulation of the stars and the planets. And that's really where the name circumambulations comes from. It means to walk around. So we're just observing the planets and the stars that are circumambulating through the sky. And we are, again, just observing how they are stimulating different points in the chart and bringing forth their natal significations when they are activated.
Two important vocabulary terms that we'll probably use throughout today's conversation. In this example, we've been looking at the ascendant as the releaser. So the ascendant has been the starting point from which we are moving. And then that moving point that we've seen right now moving counterclockwise through the chart is called the distribution. So the releaser is the starting point. It can also be called the Hylig. It can also be called the significator. And the distribution is that moving point. These are two right slides. And they're really two ways of looking at the same phenomenon. In the first one, where you're standing on the Earth and looking along the horizon and watching what's rising over the horizon.
And it's observational. This is straight from, I guess, Egyptian astrology, because they've studied the horizon every night or every morning when we're interested in what star is rising tonight. And that was a marker for an important phenomenon during the year, especially when Sirius rose in the summer. They would expect the flooding of the Nile and it happened every year. So the importance of knowing what's rising really dominated the civil society. The Egyptians holding the horizon steady because it does appear to be steady. It never moves. It's always your horizon. The stars then come up and rise over the horizon and culminate eventually. In the second figure, instead of letting the stars and the zodiac rotate around the horizon, you're holding the zodiac steady and imagining that the horizon is traveling through the zodiac.
It's just another way of looking at the same phenomenon. Of course, when I first learned circumambulations, my image of it was that the ascendant is walking through the zodiac, but really it's the planets walking up over the ascendant, up over the horizon. Right. The sky is always rotating around the earth, so the zodiac is always moving around over the horizon. But another perspective, if you imagine the zodiac isn't moving, then you have to imagine that the horizon is moving through the zodiac. That's such a good point, Anthony, also because, for one, it helps us just understand how this technique probably originated over such a long period of time based on sky watching and observational astronomy.
And when you do imagine what we're calling the releaser, but like this very vital point in the birth chart, and that that point is held stationary throughout one's life, and you're watching symbolically as the planets and bounds are activating that point, it's like a very beautiful poetic interchange, you know, between this moment of birth and then the continued motion of the sky. Another point just occurs to me is that the importance of the horizon determines the ascendant, the horoscopos, which is the foundation of the astrology that we practice. It's horoscopic astrology, and it was invented probably a couple centuries BC, so that the importance of the rising sign and rising point is what defines the type of astrology we do now.
You know, if you're tracking the planets throughout the year, you have to wait a long time to notice movement of a planet, but if you're watching just planets rising over the horizon, then it's six hours and you can see so much action, actually. And those fixed stars are marking your annual calendrical system as well, like the heliacal, I mean the heliacal rises, but also whatever is rising on the ascendant. So, as we were talking about, we are watching this movement of planets and stars rising across the ascendant. In this example, you can use other points as release or not just the ascendant, but the ascendant is very common.
One, this movement of the distribution, or what planets and bounds are rising across the horizon, whichever way you want to think about it, is what is going to determine the sequence of time lords that are ruling a specific moment in the native's life. When a planet is activated as time lord, its natal significations as well as its natural significations will become more prominent in the life. And the way that these time lords are determined is we look to the bounds that the distribution is moving through, and those bounds will be the primary time lord.
And that primary time lord will act sort of like the main administrator for the life of the native during that time. And then the planet that has most recently aspected the distribution will become the participating time lord. And so then these two planets will work together to shape the tone and events of the individual's life while they act as time lords. And just to sort of make that process very clear, I selected two different moments in Bocelli's life to kind of talk through how those time lords are determined.
So in this first example, the distribution is at three Scorpio. So it's in the bounds of Mars, and the last aspect was a conjunction with Jupiter. So his time lords during this time will be a Mars-Jupiter-time lord combination. Mars would be his primary time lord because the distribution is in the bounds of Mars. And then Jupiter would be his participating time lord because he is the most recent planet to have aspected the distribution. And then in the second example, the distribution is at 20 degrees Libra. So it's in the bounds of Jupiter and having last aspected Saturn by sextile.
So we are now in a Jupiter-Saturn time lord period. I would just say I like to think about these different time lord periods as creating kind of chapters in the life of the native. So whenever a planet is activated as time lord, and especially primary time lord, it's almost like that planet's significations and meaning in the natal chart really are highlighted. And, you know, you can see those themes manifesting really clearly in the life. We'll come back to this, but that's also one of the things that I think is somewhat of a distinction between circumambulations and primary directions is circumambulations does always have this focus on this combination of two time lords, like both the primary and the participating throughout the life, and that like tiered partnership between them.
Do you want to just say very briefly, what are the bounds? What are the terms of the bounds? I mean, just for people who are watching who don't know that in case, you know? The bounds are subsections of each sign of the zodiac, and they are irregular sections. I don't think anyone has really definitively been able to say what the underlying logic of them is. I can't wait until somebody does, but each of the planets, Saturn, Mars, Jupiter, Venus, and Mercury, rule a subsection of each of the signs.
The origin of the bounds is a bit unclear. I think current scholarship says they come from Babylonia. And so when Alexander the Great conquered Persia and brought the astrology to Egypt, he brought the astrologers, too, and they brought their bounds. And Ptolemy, in the second century, Common Era, then wrote about the bounds, and he said there's many different sets of bounds. He talked about the set he had discovered, and the Chaldean bounds, and the bounds that the Hellenistic astrologers use are called the Egyptian bounds, but they really are the Babylonian bounds that were taught by the Babylonian teachers to the Egyptian astrologers.
We just like to confuse people by calling them something they're absolutely not. Well, I think we're discovering more and more of the history. There's a paper by, was it Jones and somebody, I can't remember the other author, where they have tablets or papyrus horoscopes, very early ones from the Hellenistic period, and they look at the bounds and they say, even though they're called Egyptian, they're from Babylonia. And this was the standard set of bounds used by the Hellenistic astrologers in the beginning, where these, what are now called Egyptian, but are really Babylonian.
And so the idea, as I understand it, is that the planets each rule the signs, but in addition to signs, the planets rule little regions around the entire zodiac, the visible planets, not the sun and the moon, the non-luminary planets. So if you're a wealthy billionaire now, you probably have a house in Spain and France and Italy and wherever, United States and Japan and China. And these would be your bounds. You might own a certain area, like, I guess if you were the president of a nation, you'd be the head of that nation. Or maybe you could think of it like embassies around the world. Each nation has its own territory, but it has embassies in most other countries. And those embassies are considered essentially the property of the nation. Yeah, they're technically sovereign, right? Right. So the bounds are like embassies of the planet.
Embassies are not all the same size. So the United States probably has a big embassy in Spain, and maybe Cuba has a tiny one. But you wouldn't expect the bounds to be the same size or the embassies to be exactly the same space. And so in each sign, the bounds that belong to a particular planet may be different. And so the idea is, if you're in another sign that doesn't belong to you, you may be in the bound or term of a planet in that sign that does belong to that planet. And so if you're traveling through that region, the ruler of that region is a planet distinct from, usually, the ruler of the sign. And so it has a major impact. Yeah, the Hellenistic conception of the chart as really like property or land or a place, and then understanding these as distinct regions of sovereignty.
Property where I was in charge in that area. You know, if I had a problem in France and I went to the American embassy, I would count on the American. Maybe I wouldn't any more of these. Yeah, exactly. To help me out. Yeah, no, I think that that's such a great analogy also, because it really draws a connection to how the bounds do have this very, like, association with territory and land. And it's an administrative function they have. They take care of matters in the region that they cover. Great, thank you. That's such a diversion, but I thought we should at least get into it a little bit. And I think it was actually really helpful to understand what you're saying, Nadia, about the primary word as the ruler of the bounds, specifically.
Yeah. But even in this diagram, the arrow, the first one is in the bound of Mars. So even though that's in Scorpio, though. So let's go to that. Kind of a jubbling, but yeah. The second one, the bound of Jupiter, but you're in, is that Libra or? Libra. Yeah. So the overall ruler here is Venus, but you're in the bound of Libra, of Jupiter. So if you have a problem, the one in charge who is going to administer what's going on for you is Jupiter. Also imagine it sort of like the distribution traveling through these different bounds, like actually like traveling through these different territories, like these very different lands with very different realities. You know, there's a sort of like physicality to that, that I think ties in really closely with the reality of different time lord periods and different bound lords ruling different moments of the life.
I love that. It's not abstract. It's really, you can think about how would you feel if you're in this different territory within that country or within that continent or whatever. So thank you. The bounds of Mars are very different than the bounds of Venus. This is really the last piece of the puzzle that's important to know for putting this technique into action. And that's knowing where to start from, choosing the releaser. And obviously that's a really important step because it's going to determine everything that follows. And the Greek word for releaser was the afeta, which means the starting point. And there's a sort of sense of like the releasing of something, like the releasing of a horse into a race.
It's where the circumambulations begin. And in Hellenistic astrology, there were generally five different possible candidates that were considered as releaser. Especially when this technique was used to determine length of life and longevity, which is sort of like the kind of earliest use cases that we have evidence of. Circumambulations is used to determine length of life and longevity. And then the releaser is also called the heilig, just to pile more vocabulary. There's a lot of vocabulary with this technique. So the sun, the moon, the ascendant were almost always considered the top candidates for the role of releaser. And then part of fortune and prenatal illumination also sometimes are considered as possible candidates.
And there's like a very long selection criteria that differs from astrologer to astrologer. And it could really honestly be its own topic of conversation probably. But I'll just say for the purposes of today's conversation that the ascendant is the most common by far in the examples that we have of the point that is used as releaser. And it also seems to be the case that even when another point or luminary would qualify as releaser, that the ascendant is still able to provide a very clear sort of narrative for the life of the individual. So for today's purposes with Andrea Bocelli, we'll be using the ascendant as the releaser.
And then the final thing to just introduce is that another approach to the releaser that Ptolemy, I think, was one of the first astrologers to introduce was this idea that actually we could release from multiple points depending on the topic of inquiry that we were interested in. And so we might release from the moon if we wanted to know about marriage, we might release from the sun for career, ascendant for health and body.
So that's like one of the many ways that Ptolemy's approach was a little bit more unique in how he approached circumambulations. And he was highly influential and a lot of his ideas then became kind of foundational for the very related technique of primary directions. So with that connection in mind, I'll kind of pass it over to Anthony to talk us through primary directions.
Can I just ask one quick? So for people who are then going to check this themselves, they're watching the video and like, I want to go check out my periods and circumambulations. They can just use the ascendant and get good results for now. If they're not going into the criteria of choosing the apheda, the ascendant does give us useful information.
Such a great point for anyone that is just wanting to begin exploring the technique, I would definitely recommend starting with the ascendant. It's very complicated to begin assessing candidates other than the ascendant for releaser. And then also the calculation of those other points also requires specific software and becomes its own conversation. So, yes, release from the ascendant to begin with. I would agree with that. The ascendant is a general releaser always used, I think, by almost every astrologer. And it is the horoscopos, the hour marker.
So it is the most important point in the natal chart. For those who do have software, a lot of software these days will give you the option to figure out the releaser or the highlight for you. So I think Solar Fire does that and Janus does that. And probably others do too. I think in Solar Fire, it's the horary module. Janus, it's traditional chart module. They'll also give you their thinking, like, we call this the releaser because, and we'll give you all the points they consider.
所以这是出生星盘中最重要的点。对于那些有软件的人来说,现在很多软件都可以帮你找出这个“释放点”或“重点”。我觉得 Solar Fire 和 Janus 都有这个功能,可能其他一些软件也有。在 Solar Fire 中,这个功能是在占星模块里;在 Janus 中,是在传统星盘模块里。它们还会告诉你它们的思路,比如说,为什么我们称这个为“释放点”,并列出它们考虑的所有因素。
The problem is every author has a different method. So Ptolemy will say one thing, but Nadia will say another. And if you're following a different author, they'll do it differently. Okay. So let's move on. I'm probably going to repeat a lot of what Nadia went over. But as she said, this idea of aphysis is core to both circumambulation and primary direction.
In Greek, called aphysis. In Arabic, atasir. In Latin, direxio, which is where our direction comes from. And in English, we call them directions or primary directions. As Nadia said, they're rooted in the rotation of the celestial sphere, the sky, around the earth after birth, which is called primary motion. Comparing two points in the sky and imagining as the sky turns after birth, one of those points will rotate to where it aligns with the other point.
And so there'll be an arc, an angular arc of direction between the two points. And the measure of that arc, then, is converted to time. I think this is a major area where circumambulation and directions differ, is in the calculation. How do you measure the arc between, say, two planets or a planet and an angle? And once you do measure that arc, how do you convert it to time? Those are really, I think, technicalities.
They're not essential differences. The method is the same. The idea is the same. How you measure it is different. The simpler method is, I think, the earlier one before Ptolemy, is to use the sentiental times or rising times of the signs, simply to see how fast something is rising from one point to another, and then convert that arc, which is measured really in time, rising time, to years of life.
Certainly, Valens in the first century, Paul was the fourth, yeah. So we're talking of several centuries of doing it with rising times. Ptolemy came along in the second century and said, well, wait a minute. Rising times only work if something's rising to the ascendant. That's what it means. It means rising to the ascendant. What if it's going to the midheaven or the descent of the IC or an intermediate point?
We can't measure in rising times because the planets aren't rising there. So Ptolemy came up with this idea that for the ascendant, we use rising times. For the midheaven, we use equatorial degrees of right ascension. And for points or planets intermediate between those two angles, we use proportional semi-arc, proportional distances of point or planet from both the horizon and the ascendant. And Ptolemy's method then became the standard which was followed into the medieval period and became the dominant method in the medieval period.
And by intermediate positions? In other words, planets, say they're below the horizon, will rise to the horizon in a certain amount of time. That's called the ascensional time. How long does it take the planet to ascend to the horizon? Planets will continue to move toward the midheaven, but they're no longer rising to the horizon. It's culmination time, we would call it. So it takes a certain amount of time for a planet between the horizon and the midheaven to culminate. And that's the culminating time, and that's measured in right ascension.
It's technical to explain why it's called right ascension, but it's a different measure. Or to say it differently, suppose you have a sign of the zodiac in the northern hemisphere and say it's Pisces or Aries, which tend to rise very quickly. So they may take a little more than an hour to rise from the beginning to end. If they're approaching the midheaven, they're probably going to take longer to get to the midheaven, to pass over the midheaven than it took them to pass over the ascendant. And so the culmination time will be longer than the rising time.
And what Ptolemy was objecting to was that in the circumambulation calculation, you were acting as if the rising time applied everywhere around the zodiac. You know, if it takes an hour and 20 minutes to cross for one sign to cross over the ascendant, it doesn't take an hour and 20 minutes for that same sign to cross over every cusp or the other angles. His argument was, how can you use that time at other points in the zodiac? So he came up with his method.
So just like build on that, Anthony, of just like the complications and the complexity of these calculations, which completely dovetail into the history of math at this point as well and spherical trigonometry. But like, if you are using a point not on either angle as the releaser, for example, the sun, and let's say the sun is in the 11th house, and you want to know when Venus is going to be brought to the point where the sun was at birth in the 11th house, you're presented with another challenge as well, which is that both of these bodies, the sun and Venus, are on different paths.
So they will never truly intersect in the sky. And you're faced with another challenge of how, where do you consider that meeting point to be? Right. That's why I said aligned. Yeah. And so that's where Polanyi's like semi-arc method was revolutionary. And that's what connects the two points that don't actually meet on the exact same point of the sky. That answers my question. So thank you.
Yeah. About the intermediate position. Yeah. I mean, Anthony, you're probably able to clearly explain the math of this, but you're looking at the proportional distance that both of them will travel on their own semi-arcs. An analogy I like to use is, suppose we have two people on a bicycle trip. You have a fancy electronic bike, motorized bike, and we're going to do a 20-mile trip, and we want to meet halfway to have lunch.
Well, you're going to get to the halfway point a lot faster than I am. Say it takes you two hours to get there, and it takes me three hours to get there. When I have traveled three hours, I will be at the same point that you're at when you've traveled two hours. And so we will be connected and we'll be able to have lunch together. I like that metaphor. Kind of cruel to leave you without the motorized bike and we're dead. Okay, thank you. She can go faster, so she's going to get to the halfway point faster.
But I'm going to get to the same halfway point in a longer time. For us to have lunch, we have to plan our travel accordingly. Thank you for explaining a little bit more of the intricacies of this, because I knew I was opening a can of worms by asking, but I didn't actually understand that point. Okay, so how did this originate? This is a question I don't have an answer for.
Horoscopic astrology using the Ascendant, as we said earlier, probably was initiated by a group of astrologers in Egypt, probably Alexandria, Egypt, in that region, who were absorbing the astrology Alexander wrote back from Persia, Babylonian and Chaldean astrology, and combining it with Egyptian religion, mythology, and Greek science and philosophy. So astrology is really an amalgamation of all these different intellectual disciplines and came up with this idea of the horoscope, the ascendant being the essential point in the chart, examining the chart from.
And then Ptolemy sums up this early idea, which Ganston kind of implies that these ideas originate from these mythological or legendary priests, kings in Egypt, the Chepso and Petasiris, who are founders of Hellenistic and later horoscopic astrology. Ptolemy says, well, the first thing to do with a chart of a person is to estimate how long this person will live. That's the key thing, because there's no point in forecasting marriage or career if the person's chart says they're not going to make it past age 10. And so you begin there. And so very early on, Hellenistic astrologers were trying to figure out or had a method to estimate how long the native would live. And it consisted of finding a point or planet in the chart that represented the giving of life, the fostering of life, and another point that indicated the ending or destruction of life.
And then they would let the chart rotate around the earth or the sky rotate around the earth and look for an arc between the giver of life, the starting point and the end of life. And then they would convert that arc into years. So the universal starting point is the ascendant, because that's where you come into the world. And then an ending point might be Mars or Saturn or a hard angle from Mars or Saturn or some other malefic point ended life. And you'd measure the angle between the two. And you say it's 50 degrees. And Ptolemy said, well, it's 50 degrees of right ascension. We'll call that 50 years. And this person is not likely to live much more than 50 years.
So it's OK to predict marriage and career. And that's the basic method. And then this method, as far as I can tell, it's an example I included, became the basis on which circumambulation was added and primary direction was added. So here in my third point, I think I wrote this. Estimate the native's length of life, longevity based on the arc between a starter, sometimes called predominator, releaser, highly giver of life. Imagine to rotate around the zodiac in the hours after birth until it encounters a destroyer, sometimes called the Anarita or taker of life. I completely agree with everything, like the importance of what you're emphasizing with just that we don't exactly know where this technique originated.
And I think it's Porphyry also that attributed this technique to Nechepso and Pistoceros. So just so interesting that our earliest sources all kind of describe variations of this technique. And it may be like one of the earliest Hellenistic techniques that we have. I know the Balbillus example that you're going to come to is like one of our earliest sources. This is just for reference, and Balbillus was an astrologer in the first century. His father was an astrologer, his father, yeah, Thrasilus. But they had access to native birth charts from the previous century, the B.C. charts.
And Balbillus, and the chart we're going to look at very quickly, is somebody born in the year 43 B.C.E. What Balbillus does is he says, "Let's figure out how long this guy's going to live." And he actually titles his paper, "The Method Concerning the Length of Life from Starter to Destroyer." So he's not talking about terms, primary directions. He says, "Let's find a starter. Let's find a destroyer. Let's see how many degrees are between them, and then we'll know when he's going to die." So Balbillus' father was Thrasilus, who was a court astrologer to Tiberius in Rome.
And then Balbillus was likely born in Alexandria in Egypt, and also was a court astrologer for many Roman emperors. Claudius, he went on a campaign to Britain with Claudius, but he also was appointed as the high priest of the Temple of Hermes in Alexandria, and the director of the Library of Alexandria. So this was a very well-connected astrologer that would have had access to so many different manuscripts. And so it's just interesting to keep in mind.
I think, if I recall correctly, reading this paper, Balbillus, showing that there was not a uniform astrology in that period, he comments on the part of fortune. And he says, basically what Ptolemy does, "We're not going to do it the way those common astrologers do it, because they don't know what they're doing. We're just going to use the daytime formula. The other is nonsense." Oh wait, Balbillus does that? I'm pretty sure. I'd have to go back and read the paper.
So Balbillus is in the "Don't Reverse" camp. Right. He says there's two traditions for calculating the part of fortune. So the sun sign astrologers who reverse, and there's the real astrologers who don't. Fascinating. That's a paraphrase. I didn't say it that way. But it was interesting to me. That caught my eye, because we think of astrology developing in this sort of uniform fashion, but there were disagreements. Yeah, not everybody was a core astrologer. We have people who are consulting astrologers, like Valens, who's a consulting astrologer, who's out interacting with the populace and, you know, has a kind of messier attitude in some ways because of that, I think.
Here's what Nadia was just saying. They're citing the Greek horoscopes. They got this chart from Balbillus, his article, "The Method About Length of Life from Starter to Destroyer." And they studied two early horoscopes from the century before Christ. Balbillus known as the astrology of Nero and his father Thrasilus. And this is the chart we're going to look at. This is their version. If you read the original, the Neugebauer, they really didn't understand astrology. So they're just sort of literally translating Greek to English. And there's a lot of mistakes. And it's clear from reading what they wrote, they don't know what they're doing.
This is my recreation of this 43 BCE chart. Balbillus is saying the sun is the starter. So they're not using the ascendant. They're using the sun, which makes a lot of sense. The sun is in the first house near the ascendant, the giver of life. Makes perfect sense. Balbillus decides that the square aspect of the 12th house moon is the destroyer or taker of life. He argues, Balbillus says, well, it really can't be Saturn or Mars because they're above the sun already. So the sun's not going to come up and join the sun. And Venus is here. And Balbillus has them in slightly different positions, probably just observationally.
So Balbillus concludes, we need to find a chart that's going to kill this person, a point that's going to kill this person. The moon is not in a good place. It's in the 12th house, which is an inimical house. And he decides the square of the moon, which would be down here at 16 Pisces in the second house. Eventually, as the sky rotates around the earth, will come up and join the sun. And he calculates the angle between the sun and the square. So here's the square of the moon. This is the arc he's looking at.
When does the sun square moon primary direction perfect? It perfects in the year 16 of the first century common era when he's 57 years old. So this guy's going to make it to about 57. Just to show his technique, he finds a planet that can destroy or whose aspect can destroy. And then he looks at the direction, or he doesn't call it circling relation. He just wants to know when will destructive point here, the little red arrow at 16 of Pisces, as the sky rotates, when will it rise and reach the sun?
And it takes about 57 degrees, so about 57 years. I believe he did it based on oblique ascension. Right, so he's using rising times. But since the sun is pretty much exactly on the ascendant, that would still be an accurate way of calculating that distance. I'll just say, this is such a great example to pull and look at, because it's like the earliest example that we have of this technique, whether we want to call it circumambulations or primary direction. He doesn't mention the terms or bounds.
Just straight, let's find this angle. He's using rising times, and it will take the square of the moon. Yeah. A certain amount of time to rise to the sun. That's around age 57 that perfects. But it is so unique in that, like, kind of a hybrid, you could argue, between these two techniques. And he also has these sort of unique aspects of his example that I don't think we find in a lot of other examples. Like, for one thing, I feel like this is one of the very few, I can't honestly think of another example where the sun is being used as a releaser.
Like, so often Hellenistic astrologers go through this very lengthy explanation of all of the possible candidates, but they always then are like, I'll choose the ascendant. And even here, where it is the sun, the sun is right on the ascendant. And part of me wondering, were these astrologers just being lazy because they didn't want to do the elaborate calculation? So they were like, let's. No, I think. Let me choose the chart, yeah. I'm imagining that the sun is, especially in Egypt, where the sun is a god, right?
The sun on the ascendant, I mean, how could you give it to anything other than the sun? And it's convenient that you would get a similar calculation if you chose the ascendant in this one example too. And what about the moon as the killing point? Is that common? It's the square of the moon. Yeah, the square of the moon being the killing point, is that common? I was surprised by that personally. He's probably thinking, and I don't think he says this, the moon is in the 12th house. It's a bad position for the moon and it's conjunct Saturn and Mars. So it's really afflicted. It's also highly balsamic. It's almost a new moon. So it's a very negative. Yeah, it's probably not even visible. It's lost all its light at this point.
Yeah, there's nothing else that I see that would be a better point. I just was a little surprised that it was the moon. I mean, other than like Mars, but then you would predict instant death at birth, essentially, because it's. I think not his points, Will. The sun is almost directly on the ascendant. Again, this is my recreation, not. It's a little different from Val Billis' chart. And the moon is essentially devoid of any light at this point. So it's devoid of any light in the 12th house near Saturn and Mars. Its next aspects will be to Saturn and Mars before it gets to the sun. So it's in bad shape.
好的,我认为没有更好的选择,只是有点惊讶竟然是月亮。我是说,除了火星,但那样的话就几乎等于预测出生即死亡了,我想这不是他的观点,威尔。太阳几乎直接位于上升点。不过这只是我的推测,和 Val Billis 的星图有些不同。此时月亮几乎没有光亮,在第十二宫靠近土星和火星的位置。它接下来的相位会先到土星和火星,然后才到太阳。所以它的处境不太好。
Yeah. I do think, Joey, to your point, you know, Val Billis is also unique. There's so many unique things about this example. In that, you know, he. Not all sources say that the moon can be a destroyer. And I think he also says at some point within this or his other chart example, that the sun can be a destroyer if you're specifically releasing from the ascendants. Or maybe if you're releasing from the moon, then the sun can be a destroyer. So having the luminaries as destroyers is sort of interesting.
I don't know if you were going to talk about this, Anthony, but about the other example with Saturn as the releaser. I just wanted to show this quickly as a very early example of how the idea was applied. And I think this predates circumambulation and primary direction. It's that they grew out of this technique and added to this technique and then elaborated from it. Mm-hmm. Yeah. That's a really fascinating theory.
Yeah. It's so cool that this could be the kind of seed of both techniques that kind of unites them in some way. Because Bocelli has Saturn very closely aspecting his ascendant, I was looking for another historical example. And I remembered that Goethe had Saturn right on having just risen above the ascendant. And he says in his autobiography, I was born at midday with the stroke of 12. I came into the world, blah, blah, blah. And he must have consulted an astrologer or done his own chart because he describes his chart.
And he interprets Saturn having just risen. He says in many good aspects, but for me, through the unskillfulness of the midwife, I came into the world as if dead. So they must say he was stillborn. And only through many efforts did they manage to bring me to see the light. And he attributes this historical fact to Saturn being right on the ascendant or just above it. And I thought that was interesting in terms of Bocelli, who has Saturn very closely aspecting his ascendant at birth and coming into the world essentially without vision.
One other thing to add to this, Anthony, I know this is just a quick example, but I just happened to look at Goethe's circumambulations. And with his delineation of that Saturn on his ascendant at birth being incredibly problematic, I looked and the square of Saturn arrived at his ascendant in 1832, which is the year he died. Wow, so interesting. So like it almost got him twice, Saturn, essentially.
Yeah. Or almost got him once and did get him the second time. And that's very similar to the Bilbilis chart, where the square of the moon gets to the ascendant and the sun. We don't know when he died, actually. I don't think he states that. But I put this in simply because of the similarity of Saturn affecting the ascendant at birth. In my view, having reviewed these charts, I think that things started with this idea that to interpret a chart, you have to determine or estimate the length of life.
And that limits what you're able to say about the chart. And to do that, you find, let's use a simple term, a starter and a finisher. And you see how they are related. Is there an arc between them? You measure that arc and you estimate length of life from it. And there's various ways to estimate and to determine what the arcs are. In circumambulation, I think there's a strong emphasis on time lords and periods of life as described by the bounds or terms within each sign.
And I think what happened is that for some reason, after the Hellenistic period, this idea of time lords faded as it got to the modern world. And so, especially in Western astrology, we almost dropped time lords entirely. I think there was a lot of connection or interaction between India and the Hellenistic Greek Egyptian astrologers. And so, the idea of dashas and time lords used to define periods of life and make predictions became a predominant feature of Indian astrology, which came directly from their interactions with the Hellenistic astrologers. But for some reason, not entirely, because the medieval Arabic and Persian astrologers certainly had time lord systems. And I guess it continued into Western through the use of perfections. But it wasn't regarded as predominant as it was in Hellenistic astrology or Indian astrology.
I feel like the use of time lords with circumambulations is a really big difference. In contrast, that primary directions is sort of like looking at just like a single significator and promisor. It's more focused on bringing the planets to each other, although fixed stars are obviously used as well. And I feel like also circumambulations is more focused than on that continuity, on sort of the path of the distribution throughout the life and that sort of like narrative arc, as opposed to just like singular moments. That primary directions are more focused on predicting. These are sort of big generalizations, but I feel like that is a kind of distinction between the two of them.
And then I would also say primary directions also is looking at direct directions and moving with primary motion, but also will use converse directions. There's like a broader range of promisors that could be used. Well, I think as the technique evolved, it became more and more expansive, yeah. And perhaps the way that we could still think of them as two techniques that could be used together is that primary directions really is not working with the bounds at all. And so it does add something that is not present in primary directions to keep considering the bounds as time lords and abusing primary directions. Or would you find it too contradictory to use both techniques? What do you two think?
Well, Martin Ganson, for instance, combines the two. I was just trying to think of the use of bounds. I'd really have to go back and research it to see how much, because they really weren't used in isolation. Lilly, for instance, uses the bounds all the time with primary directions. Marinus does not, because he doesn't believe in the bounds. At all. But Lilly always looks at what term or bound the directed planet is affecting or affected by. It was a standard in the 17th century to use it.
Can I ask one more clarifying question? Because, you know, I practice circumambulations, but I don't practice with primary directions. And based on what Nadia just said, is it true that the influence is really at the moment of their meeting? It does not then continue for the entire time until that point meets another planet or something like that. It really marks a single event rather than a durational span. Is that correct? It's not a single event. No. No. It is more of a duration that is activated for. Right. I mean, Marinus in the 17th century talks about this, that if you have a primary direction, he feels it will span a period of years, that it's most potent when it's at the exact perfection point.
It remains in effect, he says, until it hits another promoter. Uh-huh. And he also then distinguishes, he says, well, toward the end of the medieval period and early renaissance, astrologers became really concerned about the latitude of the planets. And so they became aware that for every planet, there are two primary directions that can perfect. There's the zodiacal position of the planet on the ecliptic without the latitude of the planet. And then the, but the planet really is in space somewhere above or below the ecliptic.
And so the body of the planet will perfect a direction, usually often in a different year or two, sometimes more than the projection of the planet onto the ecliptic. So that whole period between the direction without latitude on the ecliptic and the direction in space with the body of the planet is under the influence of that planet's direction. That can be a two, three-year period, or for a planet like Pluto, it could be five, ten years, a long period where you'd have this direction in effect in the sky, not yet perfected, but influencing all matters. So it's sort of like going through a bound.
There really are longer periods of, I mean, you could call them time lords, you know, producerships, but yes. Well, I think they do act like time lords more than. Yeah, it sounds a lot like it. So cool. Thank you for clarifying those pieces as well. Yeah, no, that was a great point, Anthony. And it just really like leads me back to sort of what we were chatting about before we started, which is that, like, the more in the weeds you get with these techniques, the more a case to be made, like, they are the same technique. There's such a gray area between where one begins and the other one ends. With primary directions, authors note when a planet, a directed planet changes sign as being quite significant. I think they're just the same technique work differently.
Martin Ganston, who's our current guru, always looks at the bounds. And William Lilly, if you look at how he always notes when a directed planet enters the bound of another planet. Yeah, and so maybe we'll see a little bit of how the two are practiced differently and feed into each other when we look at this case study and we'll play out a little of what we're talking about. So this is Andrea's birth chart. I think this is from Astrodienst. The time of this chart, I always try to research as far as I can the birth time because you can't trust often what you see online. The 5.15 a.m. is from his birth certificate, but there's a note that in the family, they have a baby book for it. The family wrote, he came into the world at 5.10 a.m. I don't know in Italy, in some countries, they'll record birth time to the nearest quarter hour, whether that's the case.
Clocks may be different in the hospital than, I know in my own birth certificate, the hospital recorded I was born at 9.09. My father made a note, I was born at 9.05. So we have two witnesses at my birth who wrote down my birth time four minutes apart. So my guess is the family note is more accurate, that probably he's born closer to 5.10 than 5.15. And that can make a difference of a whole degree on the angles. But it's probably close enough. We have two confirmations that he's born somewhat after five in the morning. I underline the Saturn here. Saturn's at 1946, Sag, and his ascendant's at 18.11. So there's a square here that's within an orb of less than two degrees. And so here's his Saturn. It's an angular Saturn, so it's potent, squaring his, it's just under his ascendant, the square. That's why I thought of Goethe, that must be powerful.
And it's also conjunct his Venus and Mercury on the eastern horizon. And then I thought, well, does this Saturn square the ascendant? He was born with, I guess, severe glaucoma or vision difficulty. I think the story was his mother was advised that he would have serious difficulties and considered an abortion, but decided against it. So there was a chance he wouldn't have been born at all. In medical astrology, the sun for a male is the right eye, and the moon is the left eye. And it's the reverse if you switch genders. And the second house represents the right eye, as does its ruler and planets in the second. And he has a Libra second cusp, so Venus rules it. And Venus is getting that square from Saturn. So the 12th house, the left eye, its ruler, and aspects to the ruler.
So can you go back to the chart for a minute? Let's see how this plays out. A good chunk of Mercury is in the 12th house. The sun, I guess, is the cusp ruler. And so that kind of fits. And planets in the house also represent the eyes. So he has pretty severe afflictions to the signifier of his eyes. And he's born with a severe visual problem. Born September 22nd of 58, official time 515. Family record, say, 510. So we're pretty confident he's born in this time period. Sight was impaired from birth due to congenital glaucoma. His mother decided not to have an abortion against the doctor's advice. In a way, that's sort of like Goethe, who his family thought he was stillborn, but they managed to resuscitate him.
By age, he had a great passion for music as a boy. He has Venus on the Ascendant. That probably has something to do with it. By age 7, he could recognize famous voices. He tried to emulate them. At age 12, he lost his vision being hit in the right eye with a soccer ball. So right eye is Venus and the second house. First marriage in June of 1992, age 33, which was also a key year for his career. He was hit in the right eye with a football at age 12. He's born in September, so age 12, the sun, his right eye is in the first house, which is the body and the head. He was playing soccer with some friends and the ball hit him. And then he went completely blind, a very terrible accident. Dexter Square of Saturn lies in the first house at 19 Virgo 46, 8 degrees 53 minutes away from the sun.
And so we'd want to calculate the primary direction of the sun to the square of Saturn. The sky carries the square of Saturn, which in the software I was using, I think I called the square of Saturn custom point one and put in its coordinates. And I use the latitude of Saturn. So I'm using the actual body of the planet, not the point on the ecliptic. And I'm using Janus here. And so I did both Placidus and Regiomontanus, sun to the square of Saturn, 12 degrees and a few minutes. And the Placidus is December of 1970. Regiomontanus is January, so essentially the same period. So sometime in late 1970, early 71, we would be worried about a significant Saturnian event, the sun, which is his right eye. He was hit in the right eye, by the way. Yeah, really wild example, just right off the bat. Freak thing that he would, that a soccer ball would have such a huge impact. Because I think he had the brain hemorrhage.
Yeah, he already had the condition. Yeah. Did he get some bleeding in his skull? I've read about the accident. I can't remember the details. I think so, yeah. It wasn't simply hit in the eye that it caused some bleeding internally in the skull and that affected the eye, the vision. Well, and it does kind of echo in certain ways, the way we know. So it's like the birth chart is the blueprint, and then it gets acted out and activated with the timing. And we sort of see that literalized in this instance. So the next square of Saturn lies in the first house at 19 Virgo, 853 away from the sun. And so this is interesting because even though on the ecliptic, it's 853, when you time how long it takes for the square of Saturn to rise there, it's really closer to 12 degrees.
The primary motion of the sky, I did it for the 510 chart, what the family says he was born. And same calculation, again, almost exactly 12 degrees, a little earlier now. The Placidus method puts it in November, which to me makes more sense than late December, because you're more likely outdoors playing soccer in November than in the middle of winter. If we were rectifying the chart, this chart looks pretty well rectified already. The 510 looks a little more favorable. So I thought, let's use another event. And again, you have to use many events to rectify. So let's look at his marriage. He married on the 27th of June of 92 at age 33.76. I calculated that. We'd use Venus as a natural symbol of marriage. And it's also exalted in the seventh cusp. So it's a good choice of a signifier.
He's born with Venus just above the horizon. At age 30, almost 34, primary motion will carry Venus. Each quadrant is roughly 90 years of life. And so each house is roughly 30 years of life so that when he's in his 30s, you'd expect Venus to have gotten into the latter part of his 11th house, eyeballing it. Probably around mid-Leo. Here's Uranus at 14 Leo toward the end of the 11th house. You'd expect Venus to be up here somewhere. If Venus is here somewhere near Uranus, it's probably close to the middle of Leo. And we notice the mid-heaven is at the middle of Gemini. So there's probably a sextal primary direction forming around this age. And that would make sense because that would symbolize marriage, change in public status related to Venus, and a favorable period for career.
And it turns out he gets married around this age. And in 1992, I looked up his biography. An Italian rock star discovered him, heard him sing, I guess recorded him. And Pavarotti heard him and thought, this guy's got talent. So that's what would be the sextal mid-heaven of your singer. Yeah, it's one of the best things you could hope for, I think, in his position, probably, right? So he gets married, and Luciano Pavarotti calls him up and says, I liked your recording. Have you thought about becoming a professional musician?
Now, I measured then the right ascension of the mid-heaven, which is just the equatorial degree of the mid-heaven. When he's born, it's almost 73 degrees along the equator, measured from zero Aries. Now, in solar fire, they have a nice animation feature. You can advance the chart. So I animated the chart starting at 5.15 a.m. until the sextal of the planet Venus got to 15.52 of Leo. So it's exactly sextal, the mid-heaven. Is that clear? Here's Venus 30 years later, somewhere here toward the end of the 11th house. I animated the chart until Venus was at 15, Leo, 52, which is the same degree as the mid-heaven, but a different sign.
And so Venus is exactly sextal in the zodiac without latitude. That happened at 7.31 in the morning. He's born at 5.15. So the chart had moved 2.27 hours or 136 minutes. And every four minutes approximately corresponds to one degree crossing the mid-heaven. So I divide 136 by 4. And we expect this sextal to perfect roughly when he's 34 years old. That's a rough estimate. I did it down here, but I don't want to get into details. If I do it with the Nibod calculation, this comes out to age 34.67 years. How old did we say he was? 34.7. A little younger than that, right? Yeah. 33, I think. Oh, 33, yeah. Just under 34 years. But very close, but just slightly off. I suspected this 5.15 was the hospital following some rule and that the 5.10 would be more accurate. And actually, when I did it, 5.12 came out almost exactly. And that's right between the two birth times we have for him. So it's a repeating thing.
He married in June. June, Venus symbolized the marriage. He was 33.76 years old, adjusting the time of birth to 5.12 in the morning. We quote, rectify the chart to 5.12 based on these two events, but we'd have to keep going. And I calculated it. Here's the sextal of Venus to the midheaven without latitude. So just on the zodiac circle, April of 92, if we account for the latitude of Venus, I think, which was pretty close to the ecliptic at that point, we get June 22nd of 92. He married June 27th. Exactly. So I think we have a pretty accurate birth chart. And did you go back and look at that with the Saturn event of the blinding with the soccer ball with the 5.12 time? Right, yeah. Yeah, that would kind of be our next step, I guess. The use of primary directions to rectify a chart is really helpful, but it doesn't mean it's all you can do with them. Yeah, it's not just life or death or timing.
Yeah, okay. So Nadia, you're going to show us the circumambulations? Sure. No, that was so great, though. Thank you so much, Anthony. Using kind of those same key turning points in life that you were focused on, I would just look at those same turning points through circumambulations to sort of compare the way that the two techniques work together. And I know you touched on a lot of this, Anthony, but just to sort of like underscore the point that nothing is ever going to happen when a time lord is activated that isn't promised in the natal chart. I just want to look really quickly at his natal chart in order to sort of understand some of these key, like his loss of eyesight and his sudden rise to fame and understand how those are promised in his natal chart.
And so we see in his natality, like you mentioned, Anthony, that he has the stellium in the first house, so very dynamically angular and strong. And Mercury, his chart ruler, is right there on the ascendant. Mercury is also in its own exaltation. So all of those planets are so well resourced. And Mercury rules his MC as well. Yeah. Yeah. So we know that, like, likely he's going to receive some sort of honors and exaltation and recognition in his career at some point. Also, I thought it was interesting. He has two royal fixed stars rising and culminating when he's born. He has Denebola on the ascendant and Rijal on the midheaven.
And then there's this, like, beautiful grand trine happening between his sun and his moon and his part of fortune that's very close. So we see a lot of indicators that, you know, there is going to be success and eminence and public recognition at some point in his life. But then, as you touched on, also, he has these more troubling configurations. First of all, he has Mars in this overcoming square position to that entire stellium, which is not great. But still, like, you focused on, Anthony, like, Saturn is actually even more troubling because Saturn is casting a backward hurled ray, like, directly into the degrees of the ascendant and Mercury, the ascendant ruler, and Venus.
And so this is actually, like, a condition of maltreatment. So even before we jump into his time lord periods, we see that, you know, he has this chart that is describing immense potential. But it's also indicating that at some point he's also going to have these serious challenges around his health and vitality. Yeah, and, of course, Saturn as the ruler of the sixth of illness and accidents being the planet that we've tied to this moment as well. And, like, Saturn, if we consider this a night chart, is the greater malefic, and, like, Mars and Saturn are opposing each other. So we would never say that the malefics are happy, probably, but these two are very much not happy.
So there's a lot that is concerning. Moons square the nodes, which is often troubling and indicates health issues. Yeah, we're looking at, like, health indicators specifically being the things that are more malefic, endangering to him, rather than career, for example. Right. So now that we sort of have that kind of big picture about the themes that we might expect in his life, we can turn to circumambulations to get a sense of, like, when are these themes actually going to be activated? So the table on the right is his circumambulations releasing from the ascendant. And, like I mentioned, I really do treat these as sort of, like, a table of contents for the life that we can pretty quickly skim.
So if we do that, we can see, like, pretty quickly that he has a really difficult cluster of malefic time lord periods during the early part of his life, from around two to age 23. And then later in his 30s and 40s, that shifts over into a malefic time lord period. We know that this, like, very closely mirrors sort of the trajectory of his life events. He had this very difficult childhood. The fact that he has this cluster of malefic time lords from age two to 23 suggests, like, it wasn't just an isolated instance of, you know, being blinded at the age of 12, but it was actually kind of a larger ongoing struggle that he dealt with.
And that's very much true in his life story. Like you said, Anthony was born with congenital glaucoma. And at a very early age, he had to undergo a lot of medical interventions to try to save his eyesight. I was able to find an interview with his brother who explained that by the age of three and a half, Bocelli had had 13 surgeries to try to save his eyesight. And his brother used the words, like, it was a torture, but obviously, like, a necessary torture to try to, you know, help his glaucoma.
So when we look and try to understand the astrological timing from a circumambulation perspective, the age two is right when Saturn's square is activated as participating time lord. We saw in his natal chart how particularly concerning Saturn is because of that maltreatment. And actually, this exact sort of configuration is something that Dorotheus warns about in his explanation of circumambulations. He says, if you find an infortune casting its rays to the degree of the releaser. So if a malefic is casting its degrees, like, right into, I think of it as, like, the bounds that the releaser is in, then it's obviously harming it. And that harm will come to it at a time when the malefic governs the distribution of the rays.
So that's, like, exactly what we see happening here. Distribution of the rays referring to the planet that is the cooperating lord and is being aspected, right? Yep, the participating time lord. So that's exactly, you know, Saturn is activated as participating time lord by that square ray. And this is, like, right around when, you know, all of these, like, very arduous, intense surgeries would have happened for Bocelli. If we look further into this period in his childhood, the pattern kind of intensifies even further when Saturn, again, is activated as time lord, this time as primary time lord.
Which is at age 12 and a half, about. And we know that this age of 12 is when Bocelli has the accident that results in the brain hemorrhage that creates his total loss of eyesight. So we're seeing this pattern again. Saturn is activated as time lord. And it is, like, resulting in these, like, very physical health crises for Bocelli. These handovers of primary time lords are always watched very closely in circumambulations. And especially in cases like this, where it's one malefic planet handing over to another, those are always concerning. And they always sort of suggest that this is going to be a difficult turning point for the individual that might form into some sort of crisis in their life.
Knowing, knowing, again, just like the natal condition and that both malefics are harming his ascendant, we would especially expect that. But now with Saturn as primary time lord, it has, like, full authority to harm the ascendant. This is exactly when the soccer accident takes place. I will also mention it's very rare for an event to take place, like, the actual day that you see listed on this column for circumambulating time lord changes. I always use a one-year orb on either side of that changeover. Like Anthony said, we don't know the exact date that this accident took place, but it was likely around six or eight months before this handover.
So it's within that one-year orb. But if you were born 5'10", everything would have been earlier, too. Yeah. Right. I was thinking that, yeah. Right. So I like the one-year orb just because there are so many sort of variables that we can't know in terms of accuracy of timing as well. I will mention that kind of because of these wider orbs, it's always very helpful to pull in supporting timing techniques to confirm, like, with more precision.
When an event or a shift may happen. And so I just pulled, you know, a quick look at his perfection for the age of 12 and his solar return for the age of 12. And, you know, we see that he's in a first house perfection year. Themes of body and vitality are instantly activated. And his lord of the year is Mercury. So Mercury is also in his first house. And really that entire stellium in his first house is activated.
We can expect that also those themes of physical crises and challenges of these two malefics squaring the ascendant are going to be activated when he's 12. If we then switch over to looking at his solar return chart, which is on the outer wheel here, just looking at a high level, I won't go into very much detail. But if we look at his lord of the year in this year, Mercury, we see Mercury has returned to its natal position.
So, again, you know, this is an indication that this is going to be a significant year for Bocelli. And we see that Mercury, both natally and solar return Mercury, are conjunct Mars. So this is then, like, very concerning in terms of suggesting that there is going to be some sort of difficult health crisis. On top of that, we know that, like, both Mercury's solar return and natal are being squared by natal Mars and Saturn.
So it's this repetition upon repetition. And we have multiple Time Lord techniques that are all reinforcing this potential for crisis in this year. And Bocelli himself described that accident as, like, the worst moment of his life. We're alarmed by seeing the period through circumambulations and decide to go more deeply into it through one of the other Time Lord techniques.
Yeah, totally. It's, like, we know there's the natal promise. So, like, everybody lives through Mars or Saturn Time Lord periods, and they're not necessarily always that intense. But we know there's that natal signature. We see that there's the circumambulating Time Lord changeover. But really, like, it might, in some cases, take years for that to fully manifest.
But then the fact that it's underscored with perfections and solar returns, we feel more confident. Of course, Saturn on the part of fortune, opposed the part of fortune in the solar return. And we could keep going. I know, I know. There's, like, so much that could be said. Continue, continue. Like, the ascendant, the ascendant, the solar return ascendant is in the 12th house.
Yeah, there's so many things. But yes, yes. Yeah. Maybe that's good to not scare people who are going through a Saturn period, actually. So, great. Look how many things there actually are that are. No, thank you for saying that, because that really is, like, what I am trying to emphasize is, like, we have all lived through malefic Time Lord periods, and we're still here to talk about it.
And this is a very extreme example, and they're not always this extreme. We also know that the story didn't end here for Bocelli. We see now, if we, like, move forward, that he enters this benefic Time Lord period where Jupiter is his primary Time Lord at the age of 33. And this is, like, Anthony talked us through another, like, very significant, dramatic shift in his life.
I just want to give, like, a really fast piece of background that kind of leads into this. He was in a Mercury Time Lord period for about 10 years in his 20s. And he spent that period studying law at the University of Pisa, which I will just quickly say is such a perfect Mercury theme for a Mercury Time Lord period to study law.
He got his law degree, began practicing law, but he never really gave up on this dream of becoming a singer. And so he was working in piano bars to support himself and to make money to afford voice lessons. And he was overall just encountered a lot of criticism from what I could understand during this period about holding on to this dream.
But then, age 33, Jupiter becomes his primary Time Lord. And really, like, within a few months of that, he goes to this audition that Anthony mentioned to record a demo tape. He actually felt really pessimistic about it afterwards. He commented to his mom in the car ride home. I think that was a total waste of time.
But then, instead, this demo tape hands up in the hands of Pavarotti. Pavarotti begins to champion Bocelli. And he really launches into international fame within about a year of this. So these are, like, all of the kind of significations that we would hope and dream about having with a Jupiter Time Lord period. His Venus sextal in midheaven by primary direction at the same time.
Yeah. So much wind in his sails. And Jupiter's natural significations are super supportive here during this period. We can also see in his birth chart that Jupiter is angular from fortune in his natal chart. So we would expect that maybe he would benefit from some sort of unexpected chance event like the audition was. And Jupiter isn't harmed by Mars and Saturn like so many of the other planets are in his chart. So this is also a little bit more context for why this maybe was such a good period for him, as well as the Venus sextiling the Ascendant. There's many different factors happening.
Also, I would mention that especially in circumambulations, Jupiter as primary Time Lord can indicate marriage and the birth of children. And so as if his career developments weren't enough during this period, it was also this age 33 that he married his first wife. And during this Jupiter time period, they went on to have two children. So really, like, Mercury checked all the boxes during this period. Like, it was just an amazing period of his life.
But I'm going to just end on one final detail from this Jupiter period that I think is a really important example as well. So after, like, maybe eight years of Jupiter as primary Time Lord, Saturn took over as participating Time Lord. And the medieval astrologer Abu Mishra delineates this combination of Jupiter-Saturn as indicating distress due to one's father, sadness, weeping, delays in projects, illness. So it's a really striking example of this, that about four months, I think, April 30th, 2000, four months after Saturn takes over as participating Time Lord, Bocelli's father died.
And he actually died the night before Bocelli was scheduled to perform at the Jubilee for Pope John Paul II. It was just, like, an incredibly intense experience where even though, you know, Jupiter is the primary Time Lord, Saturn is introducing this, like, gravity and grief into the situation. The other thing that is just interesting to point out is that we've seen this Jupiter-Saturn combination before in his life.
So he was also in a Jupiter-Saturn period from ages, from zero to two to three and a half would have been that same Jupiter-Saturn combination. So then it was activated by this harsh square, and we saw Saturn bring about these, like, very harsh physical bodily ordeals with those surgeries. And now Saturn is being activated by a more mild sextile aspect. While the death of his father would have been a profound sorrow and still very difficult, it's a very kind of different manifestation than that square manifestation was.
And Bocelli actually did end up performing at the Jubilee celebration because his mother insisted it's what his father would have wanted. But it's kind of impossible to even imagine the sort of physical control that that would have taken to almost literally swallow his grief and maintain that sort of physical composure of performing. So I just thought this was an important final point to share, which is that, like, these planetary combinations don't always produce the exact same outcome.
But, you know, they're going to, like, depend on aspects and other sort of broader astrological context. Well, and one doesn't really cancel the other out. It's like, you know, we're often living these multiple storylines at once in our life that do or don't intersect with each other. So, yeah, it's such both rather than one more powerful than the other canceling the other out. So, yeah, what an uncanny example and to see it in Abu Mashar, so specifically these two planets in that order.
Yeah. Yeah, no, I thought it was crazy. So I'll just end by sharing that Bocelli is currently in a Venus-Jupiter time lord period. I love this photo. I just have to say, very big fan of this photo of Bocelli on the horse. So this is him on a horse in. No, being a stupider. Like. Yeah. So he's well. Yes.
Wow. It's so interesting to see kind of echoes of both techniques going through the same life and showing us different but complementary information. Yeah, I love the sort of complementary detail that, you know, Venus is supporting his career at the same time that Jupiter is supporting his career and also supporting his love life.
Yeah, well, I don't want to ask too many follow-up questions because we've already given people a lot of information. I guess the one thing I was thinking about throughout both of your case study of Andrea Bocelli was whether you think that, like, once you go and look at somebody's life plan according to primary directions or according to circumambulations, if you would then change how you delineate their natal chart to them in a natal reading to think about, for example, like, the odd.
It's not every part of the chart from a starting point that will have three malefic periods in a row. It's a rare thing within the bounds to see, you know, it's Mars and then two Saturn or to see three benefics in a row, right? So both of you, I guess that was my kind of final question, was whether looking at circumambulations in primary directions then actually changes your natal understanding of a person's life. Following up on something Nadia said is that when you delineate a chart, you're always going back and forth or among various possibilities. You're looking at the natal chart, you're looking at the predictive techniques, and you're discussing with the person what happened these years. I noticed that in such a year you had this aspect or this configuration at age two, say, right? What happened that year?
And then it's not either you look ahead when that type of configuration will repeat, and you'll know that it will be similar in some way. It won't be the same. It doesn't repeat exactly. But there will be some stress or benefit. I think for each person, you have to figure out, you know, there's only so many symbols in astrology. We have seven visible planets and a few extras, unless you use asteroids and you have thousands of extras. But you kind of figure out when you say when Mercury acts up in this chart, what's happened in the past? Well, that's likely to happen in the future. And I would bet if we looked at Mercury early in his life, we would see clues that there's an interest in law and maybe travel abroad.
And maybe when it becomes more active later in life, we'll see this manifest more in some form. It's a fluid picture and you never know exactly, but you're always refining your understanding. It's such a good point, too, that the timing techniques can help warn someone to be more careful during a specific period. Or like on the flip side, you know, Bocelli was one of our clients and came to us in his 20s and, you know, shared that he had this dream that he was considering giving up on. But, you know, that was like so important to him. And you look at his chart and you see you've endured such an incredibly difficult childhood and there's so much potential you haven't even completely experienced the opportunity to express yet.
And you can just say like, no, actually, hold on. Yeah, right. Don't give up on that dream till after one Jupiter. Yeah. Yeah. So I think it's such a powerful technique for helping us to identify like potential crises, but also periods of opportunity to pace ourselves for the marathon of it. Absolutely. Wow. Thank you both so much for all of those thoughts and for being so generous with all of these teachings today. I feel like, yeah, like we've really like understood deeply in one conversation, both of these techniques.
And it makes me so happy to see the way that we're doing this cross-disciplinary exchange between different departments and different ways of thinking and worldviews. I want to just mention that both Nadia and Anthony teach Nadia in the Hellenistic Timing Certificate and Anthony in the Medieval Certificate at Kepler. Hopefully, Anthony will be offering primary directions in the future again. And Nadia is offering circumambulations very soon, beginning on May 3rd. It's a five-week course. So I, yeah, I hope that people who got excited about this technique and practicing it will take Nadia's course and take Anthony's in the future.
看到我们在不同部门之间进行这种跨学科的交流,并结合不同的思维方式和世界观,这让我感到非常高兴。我想特别提到,Nadia 和 Anthony 都在 Kepler 教课,Nadia 负责希腊化时间证书课程,而 Anthony 授课于中世纪证书课程。希望 Anthony 将来能够再次教授原始方向课程。而 Nadia 很快就会在 5 月 3 日开始提供一门为期五周的巡行课程。所以,我希望那些对这项技术感兴趣并想要实践的人能够参加 Nadia 的课程,并在将来参加 Anthony 的课程。
Yeah, I just finished the primary directions course and I think they're planning it for next winter, probably in. You're allowed to have a break. Yeah. Regarding Nadia's course, I took her course and it's excellent. That is the best testimonial we could hope for, so yes. I likewise took Anthony's and it was amazing and I felt so incredibly lucky to be a part of that, so. We are all so lucky to get to be part of all of this exchange of knowledge and ideas. So, thank you both. So generous. I'm infinitely grateful to both of you and more soon.