Midpoints in Astrology: Historical Origins
发布时间 2026-03-27 01:08:18 来源
In the late 20th century, a new technique called midpoints exploded into the astrological community and was adopted by a number of leading astrologers. But the origins surrounding this technique and history have been shrouded in mystery because there are a number of different speculations about when and how it was originated and how it was popularized. So some people, for example, there's some myths that trace it back saying that the technique goes back to the 13th century astrologer, Guido Benotti, or even to the 2nd century astrologer Claudius Ptolemy. Other astrologers believe that it was invented from scratch by the Iranian astrologer Alfred Vitta in the 1920s or in the early 20th century.
在20世纪后期，一种名为“中点”的新技术在占星界迅速流行，并被许多知名占星家采用。然而，这项技术的起源和历史一直笼罩在神秘之中，因为关于它是何时、如何起源以及如何普及的说法众说纷纭。有些人认为，这项技术可以追溯到13世纪的占星家圭多·贝诺蒂，甚至更早到2世纪的占星家克劳狄乌斯·托勒密。另一些占星家则认为，它是由伊朗占星家阿尔弗雷德·维塔在20世纪20年代或20世纪早期全新创造的。
So I've been researching this topic because it's something I've been thinking about for 20 years and I finally did a research project to figure it out. And it turns out that none of the speculations that people have had up to this point are true, but instead that the technique actually dates back to the 17th century with a couple of students of the famous astrologer, Placidus, who's known for the system of house division that came to be named after him. So what I want to do in this episode is I want to present my research and I want to set the record straight and trace the lineage of the midpoint technique from its origins in the 17th century through its popularization among German astrologers in the early 20th century, all the way until contemporary times.
我一直在研究这个话题，因为我已经思考了20年，终于通过一个研究项目揭开了谜底。结果发现，迄今为止人们的所有猜测都不准确，实际上这种技术可以追溯到17世纪，当时是著名占星家普拉西杜斯的一些学生发明的，普拉西杜斯以他的宫位划分体系闻名。在这集节目中，我想展示我的研究成果，澄清事实，并追溯这种中点技术的起源，从17世纪开始，到20世纪初在德国占星家中得到普及，一直到当代的发展历程。
So that's my goal today and yeah, so there's a lot of different pieces of this that I'm going to present, but we'll see how it goes. All right, so first things first, what is a midpoint from a technical standpoint? The definition is that a midpoint is halfway between two points in a chart or two planets in a chart. So for example, I'll share a diagram where let's say that we have mercury at 10 degrees of Scorpio and we have Jupiter at 20 degrees of Capricorn.
所以，这就是我今天的目标，是的，我将介绍很多不同的内容，但我们先看看情况如何。好了，首先，我们来了解一下从技术角度看，中点是什么。中点的定义是，图表中两个点或两个行星之间的正中间位置。比如，我会分享一个图表，假设我们有水星在天蝎座10度，木星在摩羯座20度的位置。
So there's 70 degrees between those two planets and therefore the middle point or the midway point between the two of them is at about 15 degrees of Sagittarius. So 35 degrees from one and 35 degrees from the other and you end up right at 15 degrees of Sagittarius. So the premise with midpoints is that the midpoint somehow combines the meaning or the influence of the two planets at that midway point and especially if there's a third planet that happens to fall at the midpoint, then it mixes together the meaning of all three.
这两个行星之间有70度的距离，因此它们的中点，或者说中途点，大约在射手座的15度。也就是说，从其中一个行星开始的35度和从另一个行星开始的35度，正好落在射手座的15度。中点的理论是认为中点会在某种程度上结合这两个行星在那个位置的意义或影响，尤其是在有第三个行星恰好位于这个中点时，它会融合三个行星的意义。
So for example, if in our diagram, Venus was at 15 degrees of Sagittarius, then Venus would be at the midway point between Jupiter and Mercury, which then has an effect its thought of combining the meanings of those three planets in different ways. So midpoints can be done either by natal placement or through transits or directions. There's actually lots of different ways that they can be used.
例如，如果在我们的图中，金星位于射手座的15度，那么金星就处于木星和水星之间的中点。这会产生一种效果，通常被认为是以不同方式结合这三个行星的意义。中点可以通过本命位置、过境或方向来确定。实际上，中点有很多不同的使用方法。
And in modern times, in the late 20th century, they were promoted by a number of leading astrologers such as Robert Hand, Noel Till. He'd even led to the invention of new techniques such as the composite chart, the midpoint composite chart, which I did an episode interviewing John Townley, one of the early originators of that technique years ago as an early episode of the astrology podcast. So it was a really prominent technique in the late 20th century and it's become a little bit less so I used to use it a lot when I was doing modern astrology early in my studies, especially being influenced by hand and Noel Till.
在现代，特别是20世纪后期，一些著名的占星家如罗伯特·汉德和诺埃尔·蒂尔推广了一些占星技术。他们甚至发明了新的技术，比如合成盘、终点合成盘。我曾专门采访过约翰·汤利，他是这些技术的早期创始人之一，这段采访在多年前的早期占星播客中发布。所以这些技术在20世纪末非常流行，而如今使用稍微少了一些。在我学习现代占星学的早期阶段，受到汉德和诺埃尔·蒂尔的影响，这种技术是我经常使用的。
But one of the things that I noticed when I got into traditional astrology and ancient astrology is that the technique doesn't really exist in ancient or traditional astrology. It's actually notably absent when you go back prior to the 20th century in terms of astrological texts. And as a result of that, there's been a mystery for quite some time about where it came from.
当我开始研究传统占星术和古代占星术时，我注意到一个现象：这种技术在古代或传统占星术中实际上并不存在。回溯到20世纪之前的占星术文献中，这种技术显著缺失。因此，这种技术的起源长期以来一直是个谜。
And one of the things that's always confused that or confused me for the past 20 years and created a mystery surrounding this is that one of the popularizers of the technique, Reinhold Everton, who wrote a book called The Combination of Stellar Influences in 1940, which was translated into English in 1960 and then influenced people like Rob Hand and Noel Till. In the introduction to that book, one of the things Everton says is he's tracing the origin of the technique is that he attributes it to the 13th century astrologer, Guido Benotti.
在过去的20年里，有一件事一直让我感到困惑并成为一个谜团。这件事与一种技术有关，该技术由一本名为《恒星影响的结合》的书的推广者之一莱因霍尔德·埃弗顿推崇。这本书写于1940年，并在1960年被翻译成英文，后来影响了像罗布·汉德和诺埃尔·蒂尔这样的人。在这本书的序言中，埃弗顿提到他追溯该技术的起源到13世纪的一位占星家，名叫圭多·贝诺蒂。
He says that Guido Benotti mentions it in his text, but the problem with that is about 20 years ago in 2006, 2007, Benjamin Dykes translated all of Guido Benotti's work from the 13th century from Latin into English. And one of the things that was found during the course of that translation is that Benotti doesn't talk about midpoints at all. So it became really clear that Everton, it was kind of an open question of what did that mean was Everton mistaken. Did that mean that the technique had accidentally been invented by like reading something in Benotti that they then inspired the midpoint technique or was it just a completely like a mistaken reading or something like that. It's been a mystery for about 20 years.
他说，Guido Benotti在他的文章中提到过这个，但问题在于，大约在20年前，也就是2006年或2007年，Benjamin Dykes把Guido Benotti 13世纪的作品从拉丁文翻译成了英文。在翻译过程中发现，Benotti并没有提到中点的问题。所以很明显，对于Everton来说，这个问题就像一个悬而未决的谜团：这是否意味着Everton搞错了？是否意味着这种技术是偶然被发明的，比如通过阅读Benotti的某些内容后激发了中点技术，还是只是一次完全的误读？这个谜已经困扰了大约20年。
So I finally recently I was watching a lecture by Jen Zart who gave a lecture on astrology in Germany in the early 20th century that she gave for the Washington State Astrological Association not that long ago, just a few weeks ago, I think. And one of the things that she pointed out was that she said that Alfred Vitta, who was the founder of the Uranian School of Astrology or the Hamburg School of Astrology, learned the technique from an earlier astrologer named Albert Knife. And this got me on a whole research trip to finally research that and figure out where the technique actually came from and how it originated.
所以，最近我终于看了一场由詹·扎特（Jen Zart）主讲的讲座。她不久前为华盛顿州占星协会进行了关于20世纪初德国占星术的讲座，大概就在几周前。我印象深刻的是，她提到阿尔弗雷德·维塔（Alfred Witte），他是乌拉尼亚占星学派或汉堡占星学派的创始人，据说他的技术是从一位早期占星师阿尔伯特·奈夫（Albert Knife）那里学来的。这让我开始深入研究，努力查明这种技术究竟来自哪里，以及它是如何起源的。
And I was able to trace it back further. And one of the starting points for figuring this out was my friend Scott Silverman, I was talking to him about it. And he has a background in Uranian astrology and in the Hamburg School. He pointed out that part of the issue is that the astrologer, Guido Bonati, was commonly confused with another astrologer named Antonio Francesco de Bonatus. So Bonatus and Bonati's names got confused in some of the German literature of the mid 20th century.
我能够进一步追溯这件事。其中一个起点是我的朋友斯科特·西尔弗曼，我和他讨论过这个问题。他在乌拉尼亚占星术和汉堡学派方面有背景知识。他指出问题的部分原因是，占星家吉多·博纳蒂常常与另一位名叫安东尼奥·弗朗西斯科·德·波纳图斯的占星家混淆。所以在20世纪中期的一些德国语文献中，博纳蒂和波纳图斯的名字被混淆了。
And as a result of that, when sometimes they were referring to this Italian astrologer from the 17th century, they're accidentally mistaking him with an astrologer from the 13th century, Guido Bonati, who was the more famous astrologer. So that led me on a whole trek, and it turned out that a lot of this ground had already been researched by another German astrologer named Coke, who was the promoter and who was named after or who the Coke system of houses is named after.
结果，有时候他们在提到这个17世纪的意大利占星师时，会不小心把他与13世纪的著名占星师圭多·博纳蒂（Guido Bonati）搞混，因为后者更加出名。于是，我展开了深入的研究，发现这些领域其实早已被另一位德国占星师Koch研究过。他是这个领域的推动者，“科赫宫位系统”就是以他的名字命名的。
He'd done a lot of really important work in the mid 20th century on the history of house division and other things like that. But he'd already traced to this history back to its originators years ago, prior to the 1980s. There's a collection of papers I found where he traces this back. So I think the history is a little bit more worked out in the German speaking world at this point possibly.
他在20世纪中期做了很多关于房屋划分历史及其他相关领域的重要研究。但是在1980年代之前，他就已经把这些历史追溯到了最初的起源。我找到了一些论文，里面记录了他的追溯过程。所以我认为，在德语国家，这段历史可能已经比较清楚了。
But part of my goal here is to clarify it in the English speaking world. And after spending the past several weeks researching that I've kind of unraveled all of it. So that's what I want to get into now. Let's take it back to the beginning because it turns out when I traced all of the threads and verified everything that it all goes back to the year 1650 and the work of the famous Italian astrologer, the astrologer, Placidus de Titus, or Placidus de Titus.
但我在这里的目标之一是让英语世界更清楚地了解这一点。经过过去几周的研究，我已经梳理清楚了所有内容。现在我想深入探讨一下。让我们回到最开始，因为在追踪和验证所有线索后，我发现这一切都可以追溯到1650年和著名意大利占星家普拉西多·德·蒂图斯的工作。
And one of the things that's really important about Placidus, so Placidus is the astrologer that the most common system of quadrant house division in modern times is named after. And Placidus was writing in a period in the mid 1600s, specifically publishing in 1650, he published a book called Physio Mathematica. And Placidus was writing in a time when astrology was under attack from both sides. It was under attack from the Catholic Church, which kept issuing like papal bulls, trying to outlaw astrology and ban books, especially in the middle of the Inquisition.
关于普拉西德斯有一点非常重要，那就是“普拉西德斯”这个名字来自于一位占星家，他是现代最常用的象限宫位划分系统的命名者。普拉西德斯在17世纪中期创作，他在1650年出版了一本名为《Physio Mathematica》的书。当时的占星术正受到各方攻击，特别是来自天主教会的攻击。当时是宗教裁判所的高峰时期，教会不断发布教皇敕令，试图取缔占星术并禁止相关书籍。
And astrology was also under attack by the scientific revolution where the entire cosmology of how the cosmos was thought to be arranged for centuries was suddenly being broken down and completely reconceptualized in a way that seemed to have negative implications for how astrology had been thought to work up to that point. So in steps, Placidus, who was an Italian monk of the Elivitan Order, and he was a brilliant mathematician and academic, and he wanted to justify astrology from a scientific standpoint, partially to help get around some of the Christian attacks on astrology as well as some of the scientific attacks.
在科学革命时期，天文学受到攻击，数个世纪以来被认为的宇宙排列方式突然被打破并彻底重新构想，这似乎对之前认为占星学的运作方式产生了负面影响。于是，普拉西杜斯这位来自Elivitan教团的意大利修士介入了这一领域。他是一位杰出的数学家和学者，希望从科学的角度为占星学辩护，部分目的是为了避免一些基督教和科学对占星学的攻击。
And Placidus was really focused and ended up, especially creating a new form of house division, but he created it partially based on what he thought was reconstructing to the whole of the world. And nowadays contemporary historians don't actually think that he did reconstruct to the system of house division, but instead he developed or introduced something new. And he created a mix of interpretation of what the polyming was doing, and he created a complex and advanced highly complex system of house division that then took off in subsequent centuries, especially in the English speaking world. So he published this text in 1650. he also published a book of tables in 1657 to help astrologers calculate the technique.
普拉西德斯非常专注于他的研究，他尤其是在创造一种新的宫位划分方法。他的创作部分基于他认为能够重建整个世界的系统。但现今的历史学家认为，他并没有重建宫位划分系统，而是发展或引入了一种新的方法。他结合了对古代研究的解读，创造出了一个复杂且高级的宫位划分系统，这一系统在随后的几个世纪中尤其是在英语世界获得了广泛的传播。他于1650年出版了相关文本，并在1657年出版了一本用于帮助占星师计算这一技术的表格书。
But when he died in 1668, his work was really dense and somewhat incomplete and also very highly controversial. So one of the things that he did in the book, one of the techniques that he really championed was the idea of parallels, and especially the idea of mundane parallels, which is focusing on planets being at equal proportional distances from the angles, such as like the mid-heaven, for example.
1668年他去世时，他的作品内容非常复杂，有些不完整，并且引起了很大的争议。他在书中所做的事情之一，是他非常推崇的一种技法，即平行概念，特别是世俗平行的概念。这个概念重点关注行星与四角（如中天）等距离排列的位置关系。
So let me give a share of diagram to show this idea of mundane parallels. All right, so imagine if you're listening to the audio version, you've got a chart, and you have the mid-heaven degree, the meridian up at the top of the chart. And let's say the sun is over to the right of the mid-heaven, about 32 degrees away, and let's say Jupiter is over to the left of the mid-heaven, also 32 degrees away. So this would be called a parallel or a mundane parallel, because both of the planets have a similar connection to the mid-heaven degree based on just the positions, like when it comes to parallels, parallels have partially to do with declinations.
好的，让我展示一张图来说明这个普通相位的概念。想象一下，如果你在听音频版，你面前有一张图，其中天顶的位置位于图的顶部。假设太阳位于天顶的右侧，约32度的位置，而木星位于天顶的左侧，也同样距离约32度。这种情况下，这就称为相位或普通相位，因为这两颗行星与天顶度数有着类似的关系，只是基于它们的位置。至于相位，部分与赤纬有关。
Let me show you another example. So with parallels, especially zodiacal parallels, which is another type of parallel, you have planets when they're at the same declination, which is north or south of the celestial equator. So for example, if you had Mercury and Venus at the same distance north of the celestial equator, they would be in a parallel, according to declination, where there's also the concept of contra parallel, where, let's say you have one planet that's in the middle of the moon, one planet that's a certain distance above the celestial equator, and then you have another planet that's the same distance below the celestial equator, then they would be considered to be in parallel as a result of having the equal but opposite, opposite declination.
让我给你展示另一个例子。在占星学中，尤其是黄道平行（这是一种特殊的平行），当行星位于同一赤纬时，也就是在天球赤道以北或以南的相同位置时，它们被认为是在平行状态。比如，如果水星和金星都在天球赤道以北的相同距离，那么它们就根据赤纬形成了一个平行关系。另外还有一个相对平行的概念：假设有一颗行星正在月亮的中间，一个行星在天球赤道上方的某个距离，另一个行星在等距离的天球赤道下方，那么它们因为具有相等但相反的赤纬，而被认为是处于平行状态。
So these concepts of like declination and parallels were floating around a little bit, but Placidus was particularly interested in them and particularly interested in the idea of mundane parallels. So to some extent, some of these were like a little bit inspired by earlier concepts, where, for example, Ptolemy explicitly defines sign-based relationships by their equal distances from the solstices or the equinoxes.
这些关于倾斜度和平行线的概念早已存在，但普拉西杜斯对此尤为感兴趣，尤其热衷于日常平行的理念。在某种程度上，这些概念受到一些早期思想的启发。例如，托勒密明确地定义了星座之间的关系，这些关系是根据它们与至日或分点的等距离来确定的。
And this is the idea of Antisha and contra Antisha. So the idea of Antisha is like focused on, let's say, the summer solstice, which is around zero degrees of cancer in the Tropical Zodiac. If you had Mars at 10 degrees of Taurus and you had Venus at 20 degrees of Leo, then they would be considered to be in an Antisha or an Antisha signs, because those signs have the equal amounts of light basically relative to the solstice, the days associated with those degrees, or you have contra Antisha, which focuses instead on the equinoxes rather than the solstices.
这就是Antisha和contra Antisha的概念。Antisha的概念主要集中在夏至，大约位于热带黄道的巨蟹座0度。如果你有火星在金牛座10度，金星在狮子座20度，那么它们被认为处于Antisha或Antisha符号中，因为这些符号相对于夏至有相等的光照量，换句话说，这些度数对应的日子光照时间相等。相反，contra Antisha则不是关注夏至或冬至，而是专注于春分和秋分。
So you have the equinox in Aries, the spring equinox in the Tropical Zodiac, which is the first day of spring, and that's at zero degrees of Aries. And if you had, let's say Mercury at 25 degrees of Capricorn and Saturn at five degrees of Gemini, those would be considered to be in a contra Antisha, especially by sign relative to the spring equinox. So that's the closest approximation you can get actually to a midpoint as far as I can find in the Hellenistic astrological tradition is this notion of like Antisha and contra Antisha, but it's really fixed on those specific degrees of the equinoxes and the solstices, and also in the Hellenistic tradition, it tends to be extended somewhat to the entire signs.
在热带黄道带中，春分点位于白羊座，这意味着春天的第一天，正好在白羊座的0度。如果你有水星在摩羯座的25度，同时土星在双子座的5度，那么根据古希腊的占星传统，这两个行星相对春分点会被认为处于对立的安提沙（contra Antisha），尤其是从星座来看。这个概念类似于一个中点，这是我在古希腊占星传统中能找到的最接近的解释，但它实际上是针对春分和至日的特定度数进行计算的。此外，在希腊化传统中，这种分析通常会扩展到整个星座。
And this notion of like commanding and obeying signs and other concepts like that that tommy talks about as well as other astrologers. So some of that later on ends up informing a little bit some of Placidus was work when it comes to parallels and parallels of declination, and that was to some extent some of Placidus's innovation, this focus on parallels. So, but he publishes his work and it's it needs some work.
这段话的意思是：“汤米以及其他一些占星学家所讨论的关于指令和服从符号等概念，后来在一定程度上影响了普拉西杜斯关于平行和赤纬平行的研究。这可以说是普拉西杜斯的一些创新，他在研究中专注于平行的概念。然而，他发表的作品还是需要一些改进和完善。”
So what happens basically is about. Some years after Placidus publishes his work about 25 years later in 1675 there's two students of Placidus named Francesco Brunacci and Francesco Maria onerati who kind of feared that their teachers work would be lost. So they decided to edit and expand and republish Placidus's work and create this definitive second edition, which is the 1675 Milan edition of Placidus's work Physiomathmatica.
基本上，事情的发展是这样的。在普拉西多斯发表他的作品大约25年后的1675年，普拉西多斯的两名学生弗朗切斯科·布鲁纳奇和弗朗切斯科·玛丽亚·奥内拉蒂担心他们老师的作品会被遗忘。因此，他们决定对普拉西多斯的作品进行编辑、扩展，并重新出版，创造了一个权威的第二版，即1675年米兰版的普拉西多斯作品《Physiomathmatica》。
So they published this in 1675 and one of the things that's important in addition to republishing Placidus's work to help get it out there and promote it more is they also added a like an appendix or they added some additional chapters at the very end of the work as an addition. And what happened is that what seems to have happened is that these two students took inspiration from Placidus's use of parallels and they introduced the concept of the what we know today as the midpoint technique or as they called it equidistances.
所以，他们在1675年发布了这本书，除了重新出版普拉西杜斯的作品以帮助宣传推广外，还在最后添加了附录或额外的章节。似乎发生的事情是，这两位学生从普拉西杜斯使用平行关系中获得了灵感，并引入了我们今天所知的中点技巧，或者如他们所称的等距离法。
So this is in a Latin text it's in the the 17 late 17th century but by this time and this is it this is basically the invention of midpoints is these two students of Placidus in around the year 1675 and it's really interesting reading their work it was written in Latin and one of the things about publishing in the 17th century is that it was really dangerous because especially in Italy because the church was coming down really hard on astrologers and the Inquisition was banning books and indeed Placidus's book would be banned not very long after this all of Placidus's works would be banned not too long after this.
这是用拉丁文撰写的一段文字，来自17世纪晚期。大约在1675年，Placidus的两位学生发明了"中点"的概念。这些学生的研究作品非常有趣，是用拉丁文写成的。在17世纪出版作品有很大的风险，尤其是在意大利，因为当时教会对占星术士进行严厉打击，宗教裁判所也在禁止书籍。实际上，Placidus的书在不久之后就被禁了，他的所有作品都在不久之后被列入禁书名单。
So as a result of that and knowing the danger of publishing on astrology these two students of Placidus adopted pen names basically they published the book under a fake name by scrambling the letters of their name to create an anagram or an alias. So for example French Francesco Brunacci created an anagram and alias and published the book under the name Cersinius Franco Bacci whereas his his friend Francesco Maria on Aradi used the synonym africanos Criota Romano.
因此，由于意识到了出版占星书的危险，普拉西杜斯的这两位学生使用了笔名，实际上他们是用自己名字的字母重新排列成了一种易名或别名来出版书籍。例如，法国的弗朗切斯科·布鲁纳奇（Francesco Brunacci）将字母重新排列，创作了一个别名，以塞尔西尼乌斯·弗兰科·巴奇（Cersinius Franco Bacci）的名义发表了书。而他的朋友弗朗切斯科·玛利亚·阿拉迪（Francesco Maria on Aradi）则使用了笔名阿非利卡诺斯·克里奥塔·罗马诺（africanos Criota Romano）。
So the appendix basically is credited to the two of them under their fake names. So in this appendix I got a hold of it as reading through it and it's really really interesting it's a really piece interesting piece of astrological history because the two of them just seem really excited to introduce this as a new technique and a new concept this idea of what we know of today as mid points but they call equidistances.
所以，这个附录基本上是以他们两个的化名署名的。我拿到了这个附录，读了之后发现真的非常有趣，它是天文学历史上一段非常有意思的内容。因为这两个人似乎真的很兴奋地想要介绍一种新技术和新概念，也就是我们今天所称的“中点”，但他们称之为“等距点”。
So one of the quotes that was about their like excitement is that early on they say quote meanwhile we arranged new cannons which had escaped Placidus and a little later new familiarities were made obvious to us. So familiarity is like the concept or the name for aspects at that time and they continue saying concerning which we are in treated with such frequency that to satisfy those demanding them we deliberately super add them to the new addition of Placidian philosophy with premature zeal.
其中一个关于他们兴奋的引述是，早期他们说：“与此同时，我们布置了新的大炮，这些大炮避开了普拉西达斯，不久后，新的熟悉感对我们来说变得明显。”这里的“熟悉感”就像是当时用来描述某些方面的概念或名称。他们继续说到，我们经常被要求对此进行探讨，为了满足那些对此有需求的人，我们特意提前将它们添加到新版的普拉西达斯哲学中。
So they're kind of like acknowledging that they're adding in this material to the end of the of Placidus is work because they're so excited about it and how well the technique is working in their personal experience that they're excited to get it out there even though it's little premature and it turns out that what it was is. It was excerpts from a book that they were working on that they were going to call Italian astrology and they took some chapters and excerpts on mid points directly from that manuscript they were working on and they put it as an appendix as a as some additional material at the end of Placidus is work or the second edition of Placidus is work.
他们意识到他们在普拉西丢斯的作品末尾添加了这些材料，因为他们对这些内容感到非常兴奋，并且这个技术在他们的个人经验中效果很好，他们迫不及待地想把它发布出去，虽然有点操之过急。实际上，这些是他们正在撰写的一本书中的摘录，他们计划把这本书命名为《意大利占星术》。他们直接从正在创作的手稿中取出了一些章节和有关中点的摘录，并作为附录和附加材料放在普拉西丢斯作品的末尾或者是普拉西丢斯作品的第二版中。
And we'll circle back around to that later but they one of the things I noted as I was reading through this is that they say that they found them as an explanatory factor so and this is really interesting to me they say quote having already refashioned the method of the part of fortune we undertake to uncover a new world in astrological matters.
我们稍后会回到这个话题，但在阅读过程中我注意到，他们提到发现了一个解释因素。这让我感到很有趣，他们说：“在已经重新改造了命运点的方法之后，我们致力于揭示占星事务中的一个新世界。”
This is how they're presenting the midpoint doctrine as a new world in astrological matters so they continue quote for seeing many events and indeed the greatest ones not rarely occurring in activities and in the visitudes of mundane affairs while devoid of the traditional aspects of the stars.
这就是他们如何将中点理论呈现为占星学中的一个新视界：他们继续引用观点，认为许多事件，尤其是一些重大事件，常常在日常事务的活动和变化中发生，而这一切与传统的星体相位无关。
So I think this is really interesting because they're framing it as if sometimes there were events that happened that didn't have a good rationale or a good explanation just based on standard aspects but so they started to suspect that there was something missing and this is where they introduced the midpoint technique.
我觉得这很有趣，因为他们把它描述成有时候发生了一些事件，如果仅仅基于常规因素，无法找到合理的理由或解释。因此，他们开始怀疑是不是遗漏了什么，这就是他们引入“中点技术”的原因。
So I think that's really interesting because that's it's kind of suspiciously like how Alfred Vittin and the Hamburg astrologers would later describe how they came up with some of their techniques but right here these Italian originators of the midpoint technique that's part of how they're framing the introduction of this new technique in their work and they're very conscious about that like about their excitement and about this being a new technique.
我觉得这真的很有趣，因为这听起来有点像阿尔弗雷德·维廷和汉堡占星师后来描述他们如何开发一些技术的方法。但是，早期来自意大利的这些中点技术创始人在他们的工作中引入这一新技术时，也是以类似的方式来构建的。他们对此非常有意识，对这一新技术感到非常兴奋。
So they call them equidistances in Latin and here's a quote so quote they say quote hence it is right that the planets placed in proportional illumination to each other towards the sun also have an equal mode of influencing and mix their qualities with the luminary so that this proportion which it has pleased us to call equidistence is like a certain parallel or antician of T. Planets toward illuminary which functions in the capacity of the equator or meridian or horizon for the middle itself remains and is intercepted between two planets equidistant from it.
在拉丁语中，他们称之为"等距"。这里有一句话引述如下：“因此，行星相对于太阳的光照度是成比例的，所以它们对彼此也有相等的影响方式，并在与发光体的关系中混合它们的特性。因此，我们认为这种比例，称之为等距，就像行星相对于发光体的某种平行或对立，就像赤道、子午线或地平线的功能一样。因为中心点本身保留在其中，并被两个与其等距的行星所包围。”
So and then they they continue later and they say essentially that a midpoint mixes itself with the other two planets so they say quote any planet intercepted between two others mixes itself with this. So it's really interesting because they're they're building on some of the earlier concepts that they're aware of that are almost they're seeing as precursor concepts like the idea of doing mundane parallels which is why they mentioned the meridian or antisha for example that focuses on the the equinoxes and the solstices as the sort of quote unquote midpoint degree but they're now generalized.
他们接着说，基本上一个中点会与另外两个行星混合。具体来说，他们认为，"任何位于两个行星之间的行星都会与它们混合"。这很有趣，因为他们在发展一些他们已经熟知的早期概念，这些概念几乎可以看作是前导概念，比如说世界平行这样的想法，这就是为什么他们提到子午线或对点（antisha），因为这些概念关注于春分和夏至这类所谓的"中点度数"。但现在他们已经进行了泛化。
So they're also using this idea and saying that any two planets or points can have a midpoint in a chart and that it mixes together something about the nature of the two planets with their midpoint. They also have an important definition where they say quote but there is an equidistence in the zodiac consisting of an equal number of zodiacal degrees distance between three planets of which the middle one is intercepted between the other two and is equally distant on both sides and communicates with the virtue or the power of each even if it touches the ray aspect or the bodily orb of neither.
他们也在利用这个概念，并表示在星盘中，任何两个行星或点都可以有一个中点，并且这个中点会将这两个行星的某些特性混合在一起。他们还有一个重要的定义，即在黄道上存在一种等距离，这种等距离是指有三个行星，其间的中间行星夹在另外两个行星之间，并且在两侧的距离相等，即使它不接触任何一个行星的光线相位或本体轨道，也能与每个行星的力量或能量通信。
But when they all touch each other in the orb of their activity it is properly called the besiege meant and the strongest equidistence and that's one of the things that becomes really interesting that they do really early on in this this text is they try to justify the notion of mid points based on some earlier traditional concepts.
当它们在各自的活动范围内相互接触时，这就被恰当地称为围困和最强的等距。这是这篇文章的一大有趣之处，他们在一开始就试图根据一些较早的传统概念来证明中点的概念。
So on the one hand they're like very conscious that this is an innovation and a new technique that they're excited to introduce and they even say with like premature zeal because they're so excited about how it's working in their practice but they also actually interestingly attempt to justify it based on some earlier techniques and traditional concepts in addition to the ones we've already mentioned previously so for example one of the ways they attempt to justify it early on as they say that.
所以，一方面，他们非常清楚地意识到这是一种创新和新技术，并且他们非常兴奋地想要引入，它们甚至带着有些过早的热情表达了这种兴奋，因为他们对这种方法在实践中的效果感到满意。但有趣的是，他们也试图根据一些早期的技术和传统概念来为其辩护，除此之外还有我们之前提到的概念。例如，他们在初期尝试为其辩护的一种方式是他们会说……
So the sex tile and the square are essentially like mid points of the trine and the opposition so for example they're saying that like a trine is 120 degrees whereas a sex tile is halfway between that at 60 degrees or they say that you know an opposition is 180 degrees and the sort of halfway or midpoint between that the equidistence is the square at 90 degrees.
六分相和四分相基本上可以看作是三分相和对分相的中点。例如，三分相是120度，而六分相正好是其中的一半，即60度；同样，对分相是180度，而其一半或中点则是四分相，即90度。
So they're kind of trying to justify it within the context of traditional aspect doctrine theory in a way and then another way that they try to justify it within the context of traditional doctrines is they mention a few times the concept of besiege meant and talk about that is almost being like an idealized midpoint involving three planets.
所以，他们试图在传统的相位理论框架内为其辩护，另外他们还提到了一种隐喻是围困的概念，这种围困就像是一个理想化的中点，涉及到三个行星。
So besiege meant in the medieval tradition which is called enclosure in the Hellenistic tradition can occur bodily or by ray but the sort of idealized form through the bodily conjunction is when you have two planets like let's say two malefic on either side of a conjunction of a third planet which is in between the two of the malefic and this is thought to be a negative condition there's also a positive version of besiege meant which is like two benefits on either side of a third planet which is a positive form of besiege meant or enclosure.
在中世纪的传统中，“包围”意味着将某个元素围住，这在希腊化时期的传统中被称为“封闭”。这种情况可以通过身体的方式或辐射形式发生。理想化的身体包围形式是当你有两个行星，例如两个对人不利的行星位于一个第三行星的两侧，而这个第三行星被夹在这两个不利行星之间。这被认为是一种不利的状态。此外，还有一种积极的包围形式，即两个有利的行星在第三行星的两侧，形成一种积极的包围或封闭状态。
So they're saying that besiege meant is sort of like an idealized form of a midpoint if for example you had let's say one you had Venus at one degree of a sign and Jupiter at three degrees of a sign and mercury at two degrees of a sign then that would be a positive bodily enclosure or besiege meant but it would also be a midpoint because the third planet would literally be right in the middle of the other two so it's interesting how they're trying to take some of these early concepts and treat them almost like his precursors to this notion of midpoints.
他们说，围攻就像是中点的一种理想化形式。比如说，如果金星位于某个星座的1度，木星位于3度，水星则位于2度，那么这就形成了一种正面的天体围攻，而水星也恰好位于金星和木星的中间，所以它也可以被视为中点的一种形式。有趣的是，他们试图将这些早期的概念视为中点概念的前身。
So they also of course have already mentioned like parallels of region and of declination and I actually have a quote about that. because I want to read the quote about aspects because I thought it was interesting how they framed it they say therefore as we considered that the square radiation is the half way point between the conjunction and the opposition and likewise the sex tile is the middle of the trine it seemed that the distance between two planets even if they are not joined by a traditional aspect is of no light strength.
他们当然已经提到过关于区域和赤纬的相似之处，我手边还有一段关于这个主题的引用。我想读一下这段关于相位的引用，因为我觉得他们的表述很有趣。他们说，“因此，我们认为四分相就像是合相与对冲之间的中间点，同样地，六分相是三分相的中间。看来，即使两个行星并没有通过传统的相位相连，其距离也不是毫无意义的。”
We also saw that the ancients and good authors accurately weighed the besiege meant or enclosure of one planet by two others which seems to suggest something of this matter and the reckoning of the parallels of region and of declination persuades us of this no lightly since this true doctrine of placidus and almansoor consists in the force of proportional light. So they're drawing some of these concepts of like proportional light and declination and everything else and they're using these is just as justifications and jumping off points for a new technique so we can it's really interesting as a historical study because we can see the evolution of a technique and how to evolve out of precursor techniques but then these two astrologers these two students of placidus are just setting to take it to another step or take it another step.
我们还看到，古代人和优秀的作家们精确地考量了一颗行星被另外两颗行星包围的情况，这似乎暗示了某种意义。在区域平行线和倾斜角度的计算中，也能感受到这种作用，因为普拉西杜斯和艾尔曼苏尔的真正理论核心在于比例光的力量。他们以此为基础，通过比例光、倾斜角度等概念来证明并发展一种新的技术。这在历史研究中非常有趣，因为我们可以看到一项技术的演变过程，以及它如何从先前的技术中发展出来。而这两位普拉西杜斯学派的学生则试图更进一步地推进这些概念。
Further and sort of like generalize something that was used in a more limited or specific context up to that point. So they're trying to justify it but they're also consciously innovating and introducing a new technique quite deliberately. They also justify it in the context of mundane election astrology as well as natal astrology. They grounded in empirical observations so for example they mentioned a period of unusually pleasant weather in December when the sun was at the midpoint of Jupiter and Venus and they thought that that was like an explanatory thing that explained what they were observing in terms of the unusually warm weather.
进一步说，这种方法原本是在更为有限或特定的环境中使用的，现在有人试图推广和普及。虽然他们试图为此辩解，但同时也在有意识地创新，并刻意引入一种新技术。他们不仅在日常选举占星术和本命占星术中为此辩护，还基于实证观察进行说明。比如，他们提到，在12月，当太阳位于木星和金星的中点时，出现了一段异常宜人的天气，他们认为这可以用来解释他们观察到的异常温暖的天气现象。
Or they had another observation in the kombucha chart such as a type of inception or election chart when the moon was at the Mars Saturn midpoint as a really bad indication for sickness in a specific instance that they had observed. So they're justifying it in all these different branches of astrology and talking about their empirical work and observations about it and but they're drawing and they're partially drawing on an earlier tradition where there were hints of this but the technique really didn't exist up to this point I have to be clear about that.
他们在康普茶图表中有另一个观察，比如一种启动或选择图，当时月亮位于火星和土星的中点，这是他们观察到的某个具体情况下对疾病的一种非常不好的预兆。所以他们在用各类不同的占星分支来为其正当性辩护，并谈论他们的实证研究和观察。此外，他们部分地借鉴了早期的传统，其中有一些暗示，但我必须明确指出，这种技术在此之前实际上并不存在。
It didn't exist in Guido-Binadi and some people sometimes cite the text of tolami like a passage from book three I think chapter 10 of tolami as evidence of midpoints this sometimes gets cited especially in the German astrological literature but this is a mistaken interpretation that comes from a flawed translation from Philip Melanchon from centuries earlier.
在Guido-Binadi中并不存在这一点，有些人有时引用托拉米（tolami）第三本书第十章的文字作为中点的证据，特别是在德国的占星文学中这一点经常被引用。但这是一种错误的理解，因为这是源于几个世纪前Philip Melanchon错误翻译的结果。
And in the recent critical editions of tolami's text I consulted with Levant Lazlo who is the translator of the Horae project which is translating a lot of ancient Greek astrological texts through his website on Patreon it's he's crowdfunding the translation of all these ancient texts and Levant has done a PhD on ancient Greco-Roman astrology. So I was talking with him about this and he retranslated the passage for me and it doesn't talk about midpoints at all so I could have a section like going into that but I would just like to maybe mention it in passing for the purpose of time here that although tolami is sometimes cited as having mentioned midpoints in one passage that passage up to this point has been a mis translation and doesn't say anything about midpoints and if it has been a misdemeanor of the text it's not going to be a misdemeanor of the text.
在我最近查阅的托拉米文本的关键版本中，我咨询了Levant Lazlo，他是Horae项目的翻译者。该项目通过他在Patreon上的网站众筹翻译了许多古希腊的占星学文本。Levant在古希腊-罗马占星学上有博士学位。所以我和他讨论了这个问题，他重新翻译了那段文字，发现其中根本没有提到中点问题。虽然有时托拉米被引述为在某段文字中提到过中点，但到目前为止那段文字被误译了，并没有涉及中点的问题。出于时间考虑，我可能只会在这里简单提一下，尽管如果有文字错误，仍然不会改变文本的实质。
And if it had we would have seen other references to midpoints prior to the 17th century but instead the closest thing you get is like the doctrine of Antisha or Contra Antisha or other things like that which are not really generalizing the context of midpoint the concept of midpoints yet it doesn't get generalized until this this point and one of the things I'll say because this comes up over an over again in historical studies.
如果有这样的概念，我们在17世纪之前就会看到对中点的其他参考。但是实际上，最接近的仅是像Antisha或Contra Antisha这样的教义，而这些并没有真正将中点的概念进行普遍化。直到这个时期，这个概念才得以普及。我想说的一点是，这在历史研究中反复出现。
That if an ancient author had mentioned a technique then usually you would see other instances of that technique getting used by other later astrologers but we don't see midpoints being used outside of that supposed passage of taught of tolami by any other astrologers until like the 17th century and when you see things like that that's usually like a sign that you have to be cautious.
如果一位古代作者提到了一种技术，通常你会发现其他后来的占星家也会使用这种技术。但我们没有看到在据说是托勒密的教义之外，任何其他占星家在17世纪之前使用中点。当你看到这样的情况时，这通常是一个需要保持谨慎的标志。
So this is something about the interpretation might be off which in that instance was resulting from a mistake in translation of that passage. So anyway back to the 17th century these two authors excitedly publish this work on midpoints as this appendix to to placidus and they plan to publish their results in a whole book that was going to be titled Italian astrology which is interesting because that's kind of like how Morinus titled his book basically like French astrology but unfortunately what happened is that the Inquisition banned all of placidus's works in the year 1687 which was not too long after they published that appendix in 1675. So all of placidus's works get banned by the Inquisition and that includes this second edition of physiomathmatica that has this appendix introducing the midpoint technique as a concept.
这段内容讲述的是关于翻译的误差可能导致理解的偏差。有一段文字在翻译时出现了错误，导致了解释上的问题。回到17世纪，这两位作者兴奋地将他们关于中点的研究作为附录发表在普拉西杜斯的作品中，并计划将他们的研究结果整理成一本名为《意大利占星学》的书。这很有趣，因为这与莫里努斯的书名《法国占星学》的命名方式类似。但不幸的是，宗教裁判所在1687年禁止了普拉西杜斯的所有作品，这距离他们在1675年发表附录的时间并不久。因此，普拉西杜斯的所有作品，包括那本第二版的《自然数学》，以及其中介绍中点技术的附录，都被禁止了。
So basically the church found placidus's attempts to make astrology scientific and convincing and as a result of that not only is our placidus's works banned but those two students of placidus realize that it's too dangerous to publish their planned book Italian astrology. So they have to scrap the project and they never end up publishing that text otherwise if they had and if midpoints or if placidus's work hadn't been banned at this point then the technique of midpoints actually probably would have been more widespread or become more common knowledge prior to its popularization in Germany in the early 20th century.
基本上，教会发现普拉西杜斯试图让占星术变得科学和有说服力。因此，不仅普拉西杜斯的作品被禁，那两位普拉西杜斯的学生也意识到出版他们计划中的《意大利占星术》一书太过危险。所以他们不得不放弃这个项目，最终也没有出版这本书。否则，如果他们出版了，或者普拉西杜斯的作品此时没有被禁的话，那么中点技术可能早在 20 世纪初德国普及之前就更广为人知了。
So as a result of that like Brunacci one of the students of planetus placidus shifted into focusing on astronomy and cartography and he's actually known today for this really beautiful celestial map that ironically was published in the year 1787 which was the same year that placidus's works were banned which then puts an end to his ability to publish his big astrological text as well. So it's really sad basically that in at this point like the concept of midpoints then functionally gets suppressed by the Catholic church at this point in history.
因此，布鲁纳奇（Brunacci）——普拉西杜斯（Placidus）的学生之一——开始转向专注于天文学和制图学。讽刺的是，他今天因一幅非常美丽的星图而闻名，而这幅星图正是在1787年出版的，也就是普拉西杜斯的作品被禁的同一年。这意味着他也丧失了继续出版他的重要占星学著作的能力。基本上，这是一件非常可悲的事情，因为在此历史时刻，天文中的中点概念实际上被天主教会所压制。
So placidus's works are banned and interestingly this kind of suppresses the widespread adoption of placidus's techniques including his system of house division in Catholic regions like Italy and France. However, placidus's works being banned by the Catholic church and by the Pope acted as this ironically a powerful endorsement of placidus in Protestant England where they had a different approach going on in terms of Christianity. So as a result of that or partially as a result of that English astrologers eager eagerly secured and translated placidus's works and for example John Partridge heavily promoted placidus's teachings in his book Opus ref for a maturium in 1693.
所以，普拉西杜斯（Placidus）的作品被禁止了，这有趣地抑制了他的技术在意大利和法国等天主教地区的广泛采用，包括他的宫位划分系统。然而，普拉西杜斯的作品被天主教会和教皇禁止，这反而在新教的英国产生了一种强有力的推动作用，因为他们在基督教信仰上有着不同的做法。因此，部分由于这个原因，英国的占星家们热切地获取并翻译了普拉西杜斯的作品。例如，约翰·帕特里奇（John Partridge）在1693年的书《Opus Ref for a Matutium》中极力推崇普拉西杜斯的教学。
But I was looking through this and while he does talk about parallels I don't think he talks about equidistances in this work. He may have been drawing on the original book of placidus rather than the second edition by the students although if there's somebody that knows more about John Partridge and knows if I'm wrong about that if he did mention the equidistances let me know because I'd love to know more about that.
我在查看这篇文章，虽然他确实谈到了平行关系，但我认为他在这项工作中并没有提到等距。他可能引用的是普拉西德斯的原著，而不是学生们的第二版。不过，如果有人对约翰·帕特里奇有更多了解，并能确认我是否错了，他是否提到了等距，请告诉我，因为我很想了解更多关于这方面的内容。
There was a later translation by Manoa Ciboli of placidus's works and this in another book by John Cooper helped to cement placidus's quadrant house system as the sort of default in the English speaking world and Ciboli's translation was published in 1789 titled astronomy and elementary philosophy. But even though he did translate from the second edition of placidus I think he removed the additional material on midpoints from the two students which was contained in the appendices at the end. And as far as I can tell I don't think that material made it in there otherwise there would have been an earlier introduction of this notion of equidistances or midpoints to the English speaking world at that point.
马诺亚·西博利（Manoa Ciboli）曾翻译过普拉西杜斯（Placidus）的作品，他的翻译以及约翰·库珀（John Cooper）在另一本书中的内容，一同帮助普拉西杜斯的象限宫位系统在英语世界中成为默认标准。西博利的翻译于1789年出版，书名为《天文学与基础哲学》。尽管他确实从普拉西杜斯的第二版进行了翻译，但我认为他删除了附录中包含的有关中点的额外内容，这些内容来自普拉西杜斯的两位学生。据我所知，如果这些内容被保留，英语世界可能会更早地接触到等距或中点的概念。
So as far as I can tell that's the case but if anybody knows differently certainly certainly let me know. Okay so interestingly in the year 1687 the same year that all of placidus's works get banned there's another book that is published by another Italian astrologer named Antonio Francesco de Bonatus and he publishes a work titled Universal Natural Astrosophie. That's the English translation of the Latin term universe astrosophia naturalist. So what's interesting is that he reads the second edition of placidus and the appendix by placidus's students that introduced midpoints and he actually mentions it in his book in chapter 11 which is titled of mundane parallels and equidistances.
就我所知，情况确实如此，但如果有人有不同的看法，请一定告诉我。好吧，有趣的是，在1687年，也就是普拉西杜斯（Placidus）的所有作品被禁的同一年，另一位意大利占星家安东尼奥·弗朗切斯科·德·博纳图斯（Antonio Francesco de Bonatus）出版了一本名为《宇宙自然占星学》的书，这是拉丁名称“universe astrosophia naturalist”的英文翻译。有趣的是，他读到了普拉西杜斯的第二版以及普拉西杜斯的学生在附录中引入中点的内容，并且他在自己的书中第十一章中提到了这一点，该章节标题为“论世界的平行和等距”。
And what's interesting is like he picks up on and he realizes that they're using like pednames or pseudonyms so he refers to the theory he attributes it to a certain quote unquote uncertain author and he seems to express some light skepticism about the technique saying that while he hasn't personally verified it through experience he says quote experience has not yet taught me that this should be observed. But he end quote but then he admits that the logic is theoretically sound. and quote hardly against probability. So he kind of concedes that by analogy to how mundane parallels work for example in placidus which is the big technique he promotes that these zodiacal midpoints could produce effective results quote unquote especially if the planet share the same zodiacal sign and it seems like the impression I get is that he respects the placidian phrase.
有趣的是，他注意到并意识到他们在使用笔名或假名，所以他把这个理论归于某个所谓的"不确定的作者"。他似乎对这种技术表现出一些轻微的怀疑，他说他个人并没有通过经验验证过这一点，并引用说道：“经验还未教会我这应该被观察。” 但他也承认这个逻辑在理论上是合理的，并且 "几乎没有违背概率"。所以他多少承认，这就像日常生活中的类比一样，比如在他推广的主要技术——Placidus中，这些黄道中点可能会产生有效结果，特别是在行星共享同一黄道星座的时候。给人的印象是，他对Placidus的表达方式还是很尊重的。
So he's a placidian framework deeply but he kind of draws the line a little bit at some of the newer midpoint theories that are published by his students and his attitude is kind of like that it makes theoretical sense and I won't say that it's wrong but I haven't seen it work and practice myself so I'm going to hold off on fully endorsing it essentially until he has a better idea of the data.
所以他对普拉西迪安框架很有研究，但对于他学生发表的一些较新的中点理论，他有些保留态度。他认为这些理论在理论上有道理，他不会说它们是错的，但自己在实践中没有见过它们有效。因此，在他对这些数据有更好的了解之前，他暂时不会完全支持这些理论。
So one of the things that's interesting about this reference in passing that Benadis makes and this is the guy that later German astrologers would conflate with Guido Benotti who's the earlier astrologer from the 13th century is that this author successfully navigated the the inquisition and the sensors and I was able to keep his book off of the band book list by being basically extremely careful and he published a sort of like sanitized philosophically compliant defense of the idea of celestial influences and and this was important because it was right at the time when the inquisition was outlawing you know the most one of the most famous astrologers which is which is placidus.
贝纳迪（Benadis）在他的作品中提到了一个有趣的现象。后来，德国的占星家经常把他与13世纪早期的占星师圭多·贝诺蒂（Guido Benotti）混为一谈。有趣的是，贝纳迪成功地避开了宗教裁判所和审查制度，并通过极其谨慎的方式，使他的书未被列入禁书名单。他发表了一种经过修饰的、哲学上合规的对天体影响概念的辩护。这一点非常重要，因为当时正值宗教裁判所禁止一位著名占星家普拉西杜斯（Placidus）进行活动的时期。
So as a result of that his successfully navigating that Benadis's work survived and this is the book that then gets passed on eventually to the early 20th century when some of the the German astrologers of the early 20th century and the revival of astrology in Germany pick it up basically and I think this is how partially how the midpoint technique survived into the 20th century was through Benadis's work. So one of the things is that it's interesting that he was able to navigate very carefully some of the censorship that was occurring at the time and we'll see that come up again later with some of the German astrologers because they popularize the midpoint technique in the 1910s and 1920s and 1930s but then the Nazis come to power and start censoring and banning astrology works and some of those German astrologers then that are promoting midpoint and the points have to deal with similar censorship issues as well as similar issues in terms of getting around the authorities at the time and continuing to do astrology by being careful about how they're framing it and trying to make it scientifically or at least look scientifically respectable.
结果是他成功地处理了当时的情况，使得Benadis的作品得以保存。这本书最终在20世纪初被德国的一些占星学者所接触。这些学者在20世纪早期的德国占星复兴中，将这本书发扬光大。我认为这就是为什么中点技术能够在20世纪存续下来的部分原因，正是通过Benadis的作品实现的。有趣的是，他非常巧妙地避开了当时的一些审查制度。后来，我们会看到一些德国的占星学者也面临类似的情况，因为他们在1910年代、1920年代和1930年代推广中点技术，但随之而来的是纳粹掌权，开始审查和禁止占星书籍。这些推广中点技术的德国占星学者也面临着类似的审查问题，他们需要想办法避开当时的权威机构，继续从事占星研究，必须小心地界定其工作，努力使其看上去具有科学性或至少在表面上显得科学上令人尊敬。
So I think that's going to be a recurring theme that we'll explore here in just a little bit but after this point in the 18th century astrology kind of dies out in Europe or goes dormant or underground for the most part in terms of mainstream usage and practitioners and everything else and we go into this low point in terms of the history of astrology in in Europe especially. This is the traditional break for the most part between ancient and traditional astrology versus the modern astrology that gets revived in the early 20th century.
所以，我认为这是一个我们稍后会深入探讨的主题。不过，在18世纪之后，占星术在欧洲的主流使用和从业人员中基本上开始消退、隐匿或沉寂。尤其是在欧洲，占星术的历史进入了一个低谷。这通常被认为是古代和传统占星术与20世纪初复兴的现代占星术之间的传统分界点。
Okay, so that's basically the end of part one and this could be the entire video but that's where midpoints functionally get invented is by the two students of placidus in the mid-delete 17th century. But then part two is going to be the recovery and popularization of the technique of midpoints because the fact that it was suppressed by the Catholic Church meant that they never published their full book that would have incorporated all of their work on midpoints and therefore it doesn't become widely known as a technique. The only book that really kind of survives at that point for the most part is Benadis's work which mentions it and passing at one point in the context of rectification.
好的，这就是第一部分的结束了，这其实可以是整个视频的内容。到了17世纪中叶，普拉西杜斯的两位学生发明了中点技术的功能。在第二部分中，我们将讨论中点技术的恢复和普及。由于这个技术曾被天主教会压制，他们从未能出版完整的书籍来展示他们关于中点的所有研究，因此这项技术没有广泛流传。在那个时间点上，唯一较为完整保存并提到过这个技术的书籍是本纳迪的作品，但也只是偶尔在校正上下文中提到过。
Alright, so midpoints originate then with the Italians in the 17th century and with the students of placidus but then how did they become popularized in modern times and it turns out for that you have to turn to Germany in the early 20th century. So astrology had basically gone dormant in Europe until the late 19th century and early 20th century where it starts being revived in different countries and Germany is one of those countries where it starts being revived in especially in the first decade or so, first decade or two of the century.
好的，轴点起源于17世纪的意大利，最早是由Placidus的学生提出的，但它们在现代是如何普及起来的呢？这就要回溯到20世纪初的德国。基本上，直到19世纪末和20世纪初，欧洲的占星术才逐渐复兴，而德国是最早复兴的国家之一，特别是在20世纪的头十年或二十年。
So for our purposes a really crucial figure is an astrologer named Albert Knight who was born in 1853 and lived till 1924 and he becomes a really crucial link because he was reading classic astrological texts from the Hellenistic and Renaissance period and he seems to have been the person that rediscovered midpoints either through the second edition of placidus or through the reference. To reference to it in the work on rectification by Benadis in the 17th century and then Albert Knight becomes a crucial teacher to several important astrologers in Germany around the year 1911 so he becomes a teacher to Ellsbeth Eberton who becomes really famous astrologer that I did an entire episode on with Jen Zart before on the astrology podcast you should check out if you're interested in this period.
对于我们的目的来说，一个非常重要的人物是名为阿尔伯特·奈特的占星家，他于1853年出生，1924年去世。他是一个关键的纽带，因为他研究了希腊化时期和文艺复兴时期的经典占星文本。他似乎是通过阅读第二版的《花神》或通过参考17世纪贝纳迪斯的校正作品，再次发现中点概念的人。阿尔伯特·奈特在1911年前后成为德国几位重要占星家的老师，其中包括后来成为著名占星家的埃尔斯贝斯·艾伯顿。我之前和詹·扎特在《占星播客》上做过一期关于她的完整节目，如果你对这个时期感兴趣，应该去看看。
He becomes the teacher and supposedly another astrologer named Frank Glon claims that he learned midpoints from Albert Knight and Glon also says in a later paper from 1940 that another important astrologer named Albert Vita learned midpoints from Albert Knight which would have been around this period when Albert Knight was living in Hamburg and teaching astrology there and this other figure at Alfred Vita.
他成为了老师，据说另一位名叫弗兰克·格隆的占星师声称他从阿尔伯特·奈特那里学到了中点。格隆在1940年的一篇后来的文章中还提到，另一位重要的占星师，阿尔弗雷德·维塔，也是从阿尔伯特·奈特那里学到了中点。这大约是在阿尔伯特·奈特居住在汉堡并在那里教授占星学的时期，阿尔弗雷德·维塔也在这个时候。
Vita also lived in Hamburg and studied with Knight for some period of time before World War I so this is where our story on midpoints picks up in the modern period because Alfred Vita learns about midpoints from Knight evidently and then he sent off to World War I which occurs from 1914 to 1918 and then when Vita was born in the 18th century and then when Vita returns he starts publishing papers between 1919 and 1924 on what he calls sensitive points and planetary pictures and this includes discussions about midpoints and he's especially really into midpoint technique and promoting that as a major concept in theory.
在第一次世界大战之前，Vita 曾在汉堡生活，并在一段时间内跟随 Knight 学习。我们的故事从这里展开，因为 Alfred Vita 显然是从 Knight 那里学到了关于中点的知识。然后，他被派往参与从1914年到1918年的第一次世界大战。Vita 出生在18世纪，所以在战争结束后，他从1919年到1924年开始发表论文，讨论他称之为敏感点和行星图像的概念，其中包括对中点的讨论。他特别投入于中点技术，并积极推广这一重要理论概念。
So Alfred Vita ends up creating a new approach to astrology that's really unique and different that's called it's called the Hamburg School in Germany or in the US that came to be known as Uranian astrology. So this involves midpoints I think that he calls planetary pictures that I'm not going to get into the use of dials and other techniques like solar arcs are heavily emphasized although I've read later that solar arcs may have been another technique that Vita learned from Albert Knight although certainly Vita is the one who ends up promoting it and becoming responsible for its promotion in the 20th century.
因此，阿尔弗雷德·维塔创立了一种独特而与众不同的占星学方法，在德国称为汉堡学派，在美国则被称为天王星占星学。这种方法涉及到他称之为“行星图”的中点概念。我不会详细讲解这个概念，此外，该方法还强调使用刻盘和其他技术，比如太阳弧。我读过一些资料说，太阳弧可能是维塔从阿尔伯特·奈特那里学来的另一种技术，尽管毫无疑问，维塔是在20世纪积极推广这一技术的人，并对其普及负有责任。
And the other thing that Vita introduces is the concept of hypothetical planets where he thought that there were other planets out there that would be discovered and he tried to anticipate where those planets would be astrologically and what they would mean. So Alfred Vita's Hamburg School of Astrology becomes popular in the 1920s and influential influencing some German astrologers but it also became very controversial especially due to Vita's use of hypothetical planets and we could do a whole thing but that could probably be a whole separate episode but basically Vita did.
维塔还提出了一个新的概念：假想行星。他认为宇宙中存在尚未被发现的其他行星，并尝试预测这些行星在占星学中的位置及其可能的意义。20世纪20年代，阿尔弗雷德·维塔的汉堡占星学派开始流行，并对一些德国占星师产生了影响。然而，由于维塔使用假想行星，该学派也引发了很大的争议。实际上，关于维塔的研究可以展开一整集讨论，但基本上这就是他所做的事情。
I believe did believe that these were planets that would be discovered actual planetary bodies that were out there and it was occurring in the context of a time period where lots of astronomers were searching for other planets out there but none of Vita's planets were ever actually discovered and in fact in 1930 when Pluto was discovered and it didn't match with any of the four hypothetical planets that Vita had introduced. this basically the whole planet. I don't think there was so people who were stepping into the building and into the hypothetical planets and I've been interested in living a mutually well created, essentially created additional controversy.
我相信，也曾相信这些是未来将被发现的行星，是实际存在于太空中的天体。当时，许多天文学家都在寻找其他行星。然而，维塔提出的行星中，没有一个被真正发现。事实上，1930年当冥王星被发现时，它也不符合维塔假设的四颗行星中的任何一个。这几乎使得整个行星假说失去了支持。我不认为有什么人深入追究这些假设的行星，反而引发了更多的争议。
So in my research I did a bunch of research on this and sorting out the history of the hypothetical planet and things like that that I will probably gloss over today but if people would like a separate episode on that, let me know at some point. All right, so there's a lot of controversy. So Vittas system is influencing different astrologers and one of the astrologers that it influences is Reinhold Eberton.
在我的研究中，我对这个假想行星及其历史进行了大量研究，我今天可能不会详细讲解这些内容。但如果大家希望我单独做一期节目来讨论这些内容，请在某个时间点告诉我。好了，有很多争议。Vittas系统对许多不同的占星家产生了影响，其中一个受到影响的占星家是Reinhold Eberton。
And Eberton was born in 1901. He's the son of the then famous astrologer Ellsbeth Eberton, who became really famous, especially by the 1920s. And Reinhold Eberton becomes active, especially in the late 1920s. He starts publishing a magazine in the late 20s and early 30s. And some of Vittas students and people from the Hamburg School are publishing articles there on Uranian astrology.
埃伯顿出生于1901年。他是当时著名占星家艾尔斯贝斯·埃伯顿的儿子，艾尔斯贝斯在20世纪20年代的声名鹊起。莱因霍尔德·埃伯顿尤其在20世纪20年代末开始活跃起来。他在20年代末和30年代初开始出版一本杂志，其中有一些维塔的学生和汉堡学派的人在那里发表关于天王星占星术的文章。
And eventually Reinhold Eberton creates, he takes some inspiration from some of Vittas techniques, including midpoints and solar arcs and some other things like that. And especially the focus on midpoints. And Eberton ends up creating a new school of astrology called Cosmobiology. And one of the things about cosmobiology is that he ends up putting more of a psychological slant on midpoints and a medical slant on them.
最终，赖因霍尔德·艾伯顿受到一些维塔斯技术的启发，包括中点、太阳弧和其他类似的概念，尤其是对中点的关注。艾伯顿最终创立了一门新的占星学派，称为"宇宙生物学"。该学派的一个特点是艾伯顿对中点技术赋予了更多的心理学和医学角度。
But also he ends up rejecting the hypothetical planets of Alfred Vitta. And part of the reason for that probably is like when Pluto was discovered in 1930 and the fact that it didn't match any of Vittas hypothetical planets for some of the astrologers at the time, that would have been a really negative indication about the plausibility of those planets. And there were additional accusations in the 1920s, for example, that Vitta had taken some of the planets from predictions that earlier astronomers had made without necessarily giving them credit.
但是，他最终还是拒绝了阿尔弗雷德·维塔提出的假想行星。部分原因可能是，当1930年冥王星被发现时，它并不符合维塔的假想行星，这对于当时的一些占星家来说，是对这些行星可信度的强烈负面暗示。而且在1920年代，还有人指责维塔从早期天文学家的预测中借用了某些行星，却没有给予他们应有的信用。
So there's a lot of drama surrounding it and it split the community and it became very acrimonious in the 1920s and 1930s. And as a result of that, there were astrologers like Eberton who drew some inspiration from some of Vittas technical approaches, but they ended up rejecting other parts of the system that seemed too far out there or too implausible. So this is the point where so we end up having two schools.
因此，围绕这个问题产生了很多争议，导致社区分裂，并在1920年代和1930年代变得非常尖锐。结果，有些占星家，比如埃伯顿，从维塔斯的一些技术方法中汲取了灵感，但他们最终拒绝接受其他看起来过于离奇或不太可信的部分。因此，我们最终形成了两个学派。
You have the Hamburg School and the Uranian astrologers and then you have the Cosmobiology School starting in the 1930s with Reinhold Eberton. And unfortunately, eventually Eberton publishes a book, The Combination of Stellar Influences in 1940. And this book, in especially its 1950 edition, becomes the book that's translated into English in 1960 and becomes part of the reason that midpoints became such a common technique in the second half of the 20th century.
你有汉堡学派和乌拉尼亚占星学派，然后在1930年代，科斯莫生物学派由莱因霍尔德·埃博顿开始。不幸的是，埃博顿在1940年出版了一本书《恒星影响的组合》。特别是在1950年的版本中，这本书在1960年被翻译成英语，成为促使中点技术在20世纪后半叶普及的原因之一。
So it was partially through the promotion of the Uranian astrologers that were doing their own promotions and translations and publishing of the technique. But then also Eberton becomes a major source of the promotion of the technique in the late 20th century as well through Cosmobiology and the Cosmobiology School. And then later astrologers, for example, like Rob Hant would be influenced by both of those schools.
因此，部分是因为天王星占星师们在推广、翻译和出版这种技术，他们也在进行自己的宣传。但在20世纪后期，艾伯顿通过宇宙生物学和宇宙生物学学派成为这种技术推广的一个重要来源。之后的一些占星师，比如罗布·汉特，也受到了这两个学派的影响。
And in his book Horoscope Symbols, he gives some delineations for midpoints. I think that book is from 1981 or later Noel Till would be heavily influenced by Eberton and Eberton's book. And he would write some of his own delineations, or what he said was like update some of Eberton's delineations for midpoints. Both in a book in 1994 titled Synthesis and Counseling and Astrology, as well as in another book on Solar Arcs in 2001 that also contained midpoint delineations at the end.
在他的书《Horoscope Symbols》中，他对中点（midpoints）进行了一些详细解释。我认为这本书大概是1981年或更晚的出版。Noel Tyl受到了Eberton及其著作的深刻影响，他自己也写了一些解释，或者说更新了Eberton对中点的一些解释。在1994年的一本名为《Synthesis and Counseling and Astrology》的书中，以及2001年关于太阳弧的另一本书中，他在最后部分也包含了对中点的解释。
So midpoints become popularized in the 20th century as the result of these two astrologers essentially through the work of Alfred Vitta and especially in his students through the Hamburg School and Uranian astrology. But then also through the work of Reinhold Eberton and the School of Cosmobiology. So unfortunately though there's a dark side to this story because this great flourishing of astrology is taking place in the 1920s where astrology has been revived and astrologers are starting to have conferences like literally some of the first astrological conferences.
因此，中点理论在20世纪变得流行，主要是由于两位占星师的工作，特别是通过阿尔弗雷德·维塔及其学生在汉堡学派和乌拉尼亚占星术的努力。此外，还有赖因霍尔德·艾伯顿及其宇宙生物学学派的影响。然而，这个故事也有阴暗的一面，因为这种占星术的蓬勃发展发生在20世纪20年代，那时占星术正被复兴，占星家们开始举办会议，实际上是一些最早的占星会议。
They are putting together associations, they're publishing like lots of texts and magazines. And one of my impressions is just it was an incredibly vibrant time in the astrological community. But then of course in the background there's some really dark political events developing where we start to see the rise of Hitler for example in 1923, Ellsbyth Eberton makes a prediction about the rise of Hitler which becomes very very notable and like prominent in retrospect. And then in 1923 and then in 1933 Hitler becomes Chancellor of Germany and very quickly starts taking over the entire government and essentially from 1933 forward the Nazis take over Germany.
他们正在组建一些协会，并且出版了大量的文本和杂志。在我看来，那时候的占星学界非常活跃。然而，在这一切的背后，政治局势却在迅速恶化。例如，1923年，我们开始看到希特勒的崛起。Ellsbyth Eberton 在这一年做出了关于希特勒崛起的预言，这个预言在后来变得非常著名。接着在1933年，希特勒成为德国的总理，并很快接管了整个政府，事实上从1933年起，纳粹就全面掌控了德国。
And during the 1930s the Nazis start to crack down on astrology basically and there were attempts from the astrologers to like get around this and to still be able to practice astrology but it starts becoming increasingly more and more difficult as the 1930s go on. And one of the things that happened for example is Vittas book, the rule book for planetary pictures which outlines his midpoints as well as his hypothetical planets. It actually gets banned I believe in 1936.
在20世纪30年代，纳粹开始打压占星术。占星家们试图绕过这些限制，继续进行占星活动，但随着时间的推移，这变得越来越困难。例如，其中一个事件是维塔的书——《行星影像规则书》（该书阐述了他的中点以及假想行星）在1936年被禁。
So 1936 that that book had been published in 1928 and yeah and in 1936 the rule book is banned by the Nazis and they treat it as subversive and I think this was partially actually due to the use of phrases like in some of his delineations of like lost battle and incapable leader which the Nazis viewed as subversive so they ended up banning the book. And then things continue to get more and more difficult and tighter and tighter until eventually there's a really important turning point in 1941 where up to this point the astrologers had continued to be able to practice astrology to some extent but then on May 10th 1941 one of Hitler's closest deputies Rudolf Hess does this surprise flight to Scotland without permission from Hitler in an attempt supposedly to strike up like a peace deal with the British.
1936年，那本书已经在1928年出版。而在1936年，纳粹将这本书列为禁书，因为他们认为书中一些短语具有煽动性。在书中，有些描述像是“失败的战役”和“无能的领导者”，这些被纳粹视为煽动性的词汇，因此最终禁止了这本书的流通。之后，情况变得越来越困难，控制愈加严格。直到1941年发生了一个重要的转折点：在此之前，占星家们还能在一定程度上继续从事占星活动，但1941年5月10日，希特勒的一位亲信鲁道夫·赫斯未经允许突然飞往苏格兰，试图与英国达成和平协议。
And when this is discovered the very next day Hitler in the Nazis basically decided to blame astrology for Hess's defection and Hess did have astrological interests and did have did have an astrologer that worked for him as like a secretary but the the details surrounding his flight are still somewhat murky including the motivations and the astrological background behind it there is actually some interesting astrology because there was this tourist stelium that was very close that lined up at that time in May of 1941 and the electional chart for Hess leaving is actually very interesting from an electional standpoint because there's some like positive things in it with all these planets aligning in tourists like a Jupiter Uranus conjunction but then Mars is exactly squaring that tourist stelium from Aquarius which really ruins the electional chart.
当这一切被发现的第二天，希特勒和纳粹基本上决定把赫斯的叛逃归咎于占星术。赫斯对占星术确实有兴趣，并且有一个类似秘书的占星师为他工作。但是，围绕他出逃的细节，包括动机和背后的占星学背景，仍然有些模糊。事实上，那段时间有一些有趣的占星现象，因为1941年5月时有一个金牛座的行星群非常靠近。当时为赫斯出逃所做的择日占星图从择日的角度看非常有趣，因为其中有一些积极的因素，比如木星与天王星的合相，但火星从水瓶座正好与那个金牛座的行星群形成刑相位，这实在破坏了这个择日占星图。
And basically Hess flies to Scotland and then immediately gets imprisoned for the rest of his life by by the British and eventually by the allies and the and yeah the allies until he dies mysteriously I think in like the 1980s. So why this is important for our story is that after Hess's flight the Nazis immediately blame it on the astrologers and a month later on June 9th 1941 they start rounding up all of the astrologers in Germany and they ban astrology they confiscate the books and the papers and the magazines of the astrologers and in some instances the astrologers are actually sent away to concentration camps and there are a number of astrologers who were sent to concentration camps and died in concentration camps at this time.
基本上，赫斯飞到苏格兰后立刻被英国人囚禁，并最终被盟军监禁终身，直到他在1980年代神秘去世。这件事对我们的故事很重要，因为在赫斯逃跑后，纳粹立即将责任归咎于占星家。一个月后，也就是1941年6月9日，他们开始在德国抓捕所有的占星家，禁止占星学，还没收占星家的书籍、文件和杂志。在一些情况下，占星家甚至被送往集中营，当时有许多占星家被送往集中营并在那里去世。
For our purposes one of them that was notable is that Alfred Vitta is arrested right away when they start rounding up the astrologers and then they let him go at one point while they're deciding what to do about him but then he ends up committing suicide about a month later and he leaves a note explicitly saying that he's only doing this because he doesn't want to be sent away to a concentration camp so it's an incredibly like tragic and sad end to his story.
为了我们的目的，其中一个值得注意的地方是，阿尔弗雷德·维塔在开始抓捕占星师时立即被捕，然后他们在决定如何处理他时曾一度释放了他，但他大约一个月后却自杀了。他留下了一封遗书，明确表示他这么做只是因为不想被送到集中营。这是他故事一个极其悲惨和令人难过的结局。
And then Reinhold Eberton is also... Reinhold Eberton is also arrested he ends up getting released but all of the astrologers have to sign papers basically saying that they won't continue to do astrology after that point so from this point forward from 1941 forward astrology becomes completely suppressed in Germany for the rest of the war and what's crazy is that Reinhold Eberton had just published a combination of stellar influences with his interpretation of the midpoints in 1940 and he may have only printed a very small print run on about like 200 copies possibly printed on cards and supposedly he says in an autobiography that only about 20 copies had been sold but then this event happens with Hess and the Nazis ban astrology and they destroy all of his copies of combination of stellar influences so the book almost doesn't survive World War II but then he says that two copies of the book basically survived.
随后，Reinhold Eberton 也被逮捕，但后来被释放。然而，所有的占星师都必须签署文件，承诺从此以后不再从事占星术。因此，从1941年起，直到战争结束，占星术在德国被完全禁止。这件事情非常让人震惊，因为Reinhold Eberton 刚刚在1940年出版了一本关于恒星影响和他对中点解释的书。可能他只印刷了大约200本，印刷在卡片上。在他的自传中，据说这本书只卖出了大约20本。但之后，赫斯事件发生了，纳粹禁止了占星术，并销毁了他所有的书。所以，这本书几乎没有在二战中保存下来。不过，他提到有两本书最终幸存了下来。
So I'll circle back around to that but basically astrology gets outlawed in Germany from 1941 forward. Vittek ends up committing suicide among some astrologers who sent a concentration camps others can't practice all of the Hamburg School has all of their books destroyed even though they just recently published a edition of their rulebook for planetary pictures Eberton has his work in astrology destroyed and suppressed and even Ellsworth Eberton ends up dying in an allied bombing raid in 1944 so that was a major astrologer dying during World War II.
好的，我稍后会回到这一点。基本上，从1941年起，占星术在德国被禁止。Vittek 最终自杀，一些占星学家被送进了集中营，其他人则不能继续从事这项工作。整个汉堡学派的书籍都被销毁，尽管他们刚刚发布了他们关于行星图的规则书。Ebertin 的占星作品被毁并被压制，甚至 Ebertin 本人在1944年的一次盟军轰炸中去世，所以这是第二次世界大战期间一位重要的占星家去世的事件。
So it ends up happening though is eventually the war ends in 1945 and very quickly the astrologers in Germany start to rebuild and the Hamburg school as well as the Eberton school start to rebuild relatively quickly and they start to publish their works and Eberton publishes Rhinald Eberton publishes what would become the main the main version of a combination of stellar influences that would become so influential in the year 1950 so just five years after after the war ends and similarly the students of Vittek get together and they end up putting together a new version of Vittek's rulebook for planetary pictures that contains his midpoint theories that includes the hypothetical planets and Vittek's four hypothetical planets are merged with four others by his associate and his students Segruin to create the sort of like standard list from that point forward.
最终的结果是，战争在1945年结束后，德国的占星家们开始迅速重建。汉堡学派和埃伯顿学派相继重建，并很快开始出版他们的作品。埃伯顿出版了一本书，这本书成为了后来影响深远的《星体影响组合》的主要版本，这个版本在1950年，也就是战争结束仅五年后，产生了很大的影响。与此同时，维特克的学生们也聚集在一起，汇编了一本新的《行星图像规则书》。这本规则书包含了他的中点理论，并引入了假想行星。维特克的四颗假想行星和他的同事兼学生Segruin的另外四颗行星合并，形成了从那时起的标准列表。
So after that midpoint start to become more widespread and in 1960 an English translation of Eberton's book A combination of stellar influences is published and this popularizes the technique in the English speaking world especially in addition to some of the the work that's being done by the Uranian astrologers promoting the technique as well in other ways and eventually you know midpoints become mentioned by a lot of leading astrologers like Rob Hand for example has delineations of midpoints in his book Horoscope symbols in 1981 or Noel Till has two books where he has extensive use of midpoints that are inspired especially by Eberton so then essentially the technique becomes popularized at that point in the late 20th century.
所以，在那之后，中点理论开始变得更加广泛传播。1960年，Eberton的书《星体影响的结合》的英文译本出版，使这种技术在英语世界尤其流行。此外，乌拉尼亚占星家也通过其他方式推广这一技术。最终，中点理论被很多著名占星家提及，例如Rob Hand在他1981年的书《星盘符号》中对中点进行了详细解释，Noel Till的两本书中也大量使用了受到Eberton启发的中点。因此，到了20世纪晚期，这一技术基本上已经广为人知。
All right so to kind of summarize our story and what we learned here and my conclusions from doing this research is that midpoints are functionally introduced as we know them today in 1675 by two students of Placidus who were drawing inspiration from earlier techniques but who were also very conscious that they were introducing something new and innovative and that technique almost didn't survive because it got suppressed by the Catholic Church but it just barely survived possibly in just a reference through a later astrologer named Benatus and that text may have been what influenced the astrologers in Germany in the early 20th century but to clarify that thing again it turns out that Benatus from the 17th century is the one that had the reference to midpoints and midpoints are not mentioned in the 13th century astrologer Guido Benotti.
好的，那么总结一下我们的故事和从中学到的东西，以及我在这次研究中的结论，就是现在我们所了解的中点概念实际上是在1675年由普拉西达斯的两名学生正式引入的。他们从早期的技术中汲取灵感，同时也非常清楚他们正在引入一些新的和创新的东西。然而，这一技术几乎因为天主教会的压制而没能保留下来，但可能通过一位名叫贝纳图斯的后期占星家的引用勉强得以存活下来。这篇文本可能是在20世纪初影响德国占星家的因素。但需要澄清的是，17世纪的贝纳图斯才提到了中点，而13世纪的占星家圭多·贝诺蒂并没有提到中点。
So then in the early 20th century the first astrologer that I can as far as I can tell who started using midpoints was Albert Nipe and he may have been either influenced by the text of Benatus that mentions them in passing or he may have read the second edition of Placidus's works that contained the introduction to midpoints by Placidus's students then Albert Nipe influences and teaches a number of astrologers including Alfred Vitta and Frank Glon both of which would go on to start writing about midpoints certainly in the 1920s and midpoints especially become promoted and the primary proponent of them becomes Alfred Vitta as part of his Hamburg astrology school and approach which later became known as Uranian astrology.
在20世纪初，最早开始使用中点的占星家是阿尔伯特·奈普。据我所知，他可能受到了一本提到中点的本纳图斯文本的影响，或者他读过普拉西杜斯的第二版著作，里面由其学生介绍了中点的概念。随后，阿尔伯特·奈普影响并教导了一些占星家，其中包括阿尔弗雷德·维塔和弗兰克·格隆。他们都在1920年代开始撰写关于中点的文章。中点特别受到推崇，而其主要倡导者成为了阿尔弗雷德·维塔，他把中点作为其汉堡占星学派和方法的一部分，这个学派后来被称为天王星占星学。
Then Vitta's work with midpoints influences Reinhold Eberton who ends up founding the Cosmobiology School of Astrology but Eberton does some work psychological putting more of a psychological spin on midpoints as well as a medical spin and he removes the transneptunian planets or the hypothetical planets of the Hamburg astrology school and then this creates a couple of different streams in which midpoints were then promoted and popularized by those two schools by the Hamburg School and the Cosmobiology School during the course of the 20th century eventually becoming pretty popular by the 70s and 80s and 1990s.
维塔（Vitta）的中点研究影响了莱因霍尔德·艾伯顿（Reinhold Eberton），他最终创立了宇宙生物学占星学派。不过，艾伯顿对中点进行了一些心理学研究，赋予其更多心理学和医学的解释。他还去除了汉堡占星学派关于超海王星行星或假想行星的理论。这便形成了两种不同的流派：汉堡学派和宇宙生物学学派。在整个20世纪，这两所学校不断推广和普及中点理论，最终在1970年代、1980年代和1990年代变得相当流行。
So they almost got suppressed though during the course of astrology getting suppressed under Nazi Germany and some of the works involving those midpoints were almost destroyed entirely. So for me I was struck by the fact that the midpoint doctrine went through functionally like two different periods of suppression one by the Catholic church and the Inquisition in the 1700s in the 17th century the 1600s I should say and then a second one during the 1940s 1930s and 1940s under the Nazis in Germany.
因此，在纳粹德国时期，当占星术遭到压制时，这些中点学说几乎也遭到压制，其中一些相关的作品差点被完全毁掉。让我感到震惊的是，中点理论实际上经历了两个不同的压制时期：第一次是在17世纪的1600年代，天主教会和宗教裁判所的压制；第二次是在1930和1940年代的纳粹德国时期。
So it's not that either of those groups was actively trying to specifically suppress midpoints but it was part of astrology being suppressed in general and so the technique ends up accidentally getting suppressed both times so as a result of that there's something interesting about that history and that's why I wanted to introduce and and outline it in its entirety just a document where this technique comes from especially because as I said it became the launching off point for a number of other techniques including things like composite charts which have become frequently used tool by astrologers today who look into like relationship astrology.
因此，这并不是说这些团体有意地试图特别压制中点，而是因为占星术总体上受到压制，这项技术在两个时期都意外地被忽视了。因此，这段历史本身就很有趣，这就是为什么我想完整地介绍和记录这项技术的起源，特别是因为它后来成为其他多种技术的起点，包括像合成图这样的工具，现如今被关注关系占星的占星师们广泛使用。
A composite chart is like an extrapolation of midpoints between two natal charts so where does that leave us? So you know midpoints I wanted to document this history as a historian of astrology because I'd always been curious about that and I finally wanted to sit down and like work all of this out. I myself haven't really used midpoints that much in in like 20 years since I got into ancient astrology because you know they weren't really used in ancient astrology and so I'm kind of ambivalent in terms of whether I use them or not I don't really have a strong opinion.
合盘图就像是两个本命盘之间中点的推算结果，那么这对我们意味着什么呢？你知道中点的重要性，我想作为一个占星史的研究者记录下这段历史，因为我一直对此很好奇，终于决定坐下来好好研究这个问题。我个人其实已经差不多20年没有怎么使用中点了，自从我开始研究古代占星术，因为古代占星术中并没有广泛使用中点。所以我对是否使用中点的态度有些矛盾，并没有特别的看法。
But I did want to work out this history this recent history in order to sort that out and in order to clarify some of the murky mythology surrounding midpoints and their history and I hope I've been able to accomplish that today and that other historians or other practitioners can build on that history and that historical reconstruction that I've come up with here.
但我确实希望梳理一下这段历史，尤其是最近的历史，以便理清其中的脉络，并澄清有关中点及其历史的一些模糊不清的传说。我希望我今天的努力能够取得成效，也希望其他历史学者或实践者能在我所整理的历史基础上进一步研究和发展。
So like I said a lot of this was already figured out by Walter Koch the German astrologer and historian who promoted the Koch system of houses or what's known as the Koch system of houses already had some references to some of this in some of his books at least one that was published in 1981. So some of this history may already be known about in certain sectors of like the German speaking world but in the English speaking world there was still a lot of murkiness surrounding it especially because of you know like Rhinole the Everton statement that Benotti used midpoints in the combination of stellar influences which which was not a true statement.
就像我之前说的，很多内容其实已经被德国占星家和历史学家沃尔特·科赫搞明白了。他推广了科赫宫位系统，这个系统在他的一些书中至少有一本是1981年出版的，其中已经提到了一些相关内容。因此，在德语世界中的某些领域，这段历史可能已经为人所知。但是在英语世界中，关于这方面的内容仍然有很多模糊不清的地方，尤其是因为像爱佛顿的声明，错误地说贝诺蒂在恒星影响组合中使用了中点，而这并不是真实的说法。
So I hope I've clarified some of this history I want to give a thanks and a shout out to several different people one of the main ones is Jen Zart because she was the one that pointed out to me that Albert Nipe had been the one who taught midpoints to Alfred Vita and she had also she has a library this amazing a library it's an astrology library an institute called the Kayley Institute in Olympia Washington it's called the celestial arts education library.
所以我希望我已经澄清了一些历史。在此，我想特别感谢和致敬几个人，其中一个主要人物是詹·扎特。因为她告诉我，阿尔伯特·尼佩是把中点理论教授给阿尔弗雷德·维塔的人。她还建有一个令人惊叹的图书馆，名为凯利学院，坐落在华盛顿州奥林匹亚，是一个天文艺术教育图书馆。
And she recently launched a patreon where you can support this library in exchange you can sometimes get access to if there's an article in like a obscure publication that you need a scan of you can get a scan of that from her as part of your membership of this library so even if you don't live there physically to read the books you can still both support that work to build a library as well as get some benefit from it.
她最近在Patreon上推出了一个项目，你可以通过支持这个图书馆来获得回报。例如，如果你需要某个不常见出版物中的文章扫描件，作为会员，你可以从她那里得到这个扫描件。所以，即使你不在当地，无法亲自去读书，你仍然可以支持这个图书馆的建设，同时也能从中获益。
So people can find out more information about that at Kayley.institute or just search for on Google the celestial arts education library and you should be able to find it but she sent me a scan of some German conference proceedings that I couldn't find anywhere and couldn't get a hold of so that was really crucial in reconstructing some of this history.
人们可以在 Kayley.institute 网站上找到更多信息，或者在谷歌上搜索“天艺教育图书馆”，应该就能找到。但她给我发来了一份我在其他地方找不到、也无法获取的德国会议记录扫描件，这对于重建这段历史非常关键。
As well as the work that she's done on Elizabeth Everton and astrology in Germany in the early 20th century has been amazing so I'm to give a shout out to her and check out that other episode that her and I did on the astrologer Elizabeth Everton for a little bit more more on that if you'd like. I also want to give a shout out to my friend Scott Silverman who has a background in Uranian astrology. and he was the one actually that initially clarified for me the link between Benades and that the astrologer that Everton was calling Benade was actually the 17th century astrologer Benades and then I was able to research and clarify and work that out and that helped to like fix and clarify this entire history so shout out to Scott Silverman for that as well as for answering some of my questions about Uranian astrology at different points as I was researching its origins and the concepts underlying it and different things like that so thanks a lot to Scott.
她在早期20世纪德国的Elizabeth Everton和占星学方面所做的工作非常出色，所以我想向她致敬，并推荐大家收听我们一起录制的有关占星师Elizabeth Everton的另一期节目，了解更多相关信息。另外，我也想感谢我的朋友Scott Silverman，他拥有乌拉尼亚占星学的背景。他帮我最初弄清楚了Benades和Everton所提到的Benade占星师其实是17世纪的占星师Benades之间的联系。然后，我能够进一步研究、澄清并理顺这些信息，这对于修正和厘清整个历史非常有帮助。因此，也要特别感谢Scott Silverman，他在我研究乌拉尼亚占星学的起源及其基础概念时，回答了我许多问题，非常感谢Scott。
I also want to give a shout out to Philip Graves who also runs a library in the UK it's probably the biggest astrological library in the world and Philip specifically collects scans of not just books but also scans of conference proceedings and astrology journal articles and he sent me several scans of different German astrological periodicals from like the 1920s and 1930s that were super helpful in reconstructing parts of this history and Philip also has an amazing article on his website where he clarifies the publication history of Reinhold Eberton's work the combination of stellar influences because there was a whole thing there about the book was said to be published in 1940 but then real copies of it don't become clear until 1950 and then Philip was able to straighten that out for me and for everybody that what happened was he did a small print run on like cards in 1940 but then it wasn't really fully published in book form until around 1950.
我也要特别感谢Philip Graves，他在英国经营一个图书馆，这里可能是世界上最大的占星学图书馆。Philip不仅收集书籍的扫描件，还收集会议记录和占星学期刊的文章。他给我寄了好几份来自20世纪20年代和30年代的德国占星期刊的扫描件，这些对重建历史非常有帮助。Philip还在他的网站上发表了一篇很棒的文章，澄清了Reinhold Ebertin的作品《星体影响的结合》的出版历史。该书据说是1940年出版的，但直到1950年其真正的副本才逐渐清晰。Philip揭示并理清了这个出版过程，指出1940年时只是以卡片形式进行了少量印刷，而完整的书籍形式要到1950年左右才出版。
So you can find out Philip Graves's website is called Astro Learn and I would recommend checking it out because Philip also will offer things like that for out of print books or ones that aren't in copyright anymore he can scan a copy of like an article for you if there's like an old journal you're trying to research and Philip's help reconstructing some of this has been super valuable so I just wanted to give a shout out to him and recommend that people take advantage of some of the offerings that he has through his website because having astrological libraries is really important and trying to research and piece together this history has really shown me that even though nowadays we think that we have like scans of all these things you can find a PDF online you really can't for so many things and it's only these astrological librarians that build these specialized collections of obscure astrological works and preserve them that were able to draw and they do really important work in terms of allowing us to preserve and reconstruct some of this history.
你可以找到Philip Graves的网站，叫做Astro Learn。我推荐你去查看一下，因为Philip为那些绝版书或不再受版权保护的书籍提供了很多帮助。如果你在研究一些古老的期刊，那么Philip可以扫描一份文章给你。他在重建这些资料方面提供的帮助非常有价值，所以我想特别提及他，并推荐大家利用他的网站上提供的一些资源。拥有占星图书馆非常重要，这段时间的研究让我意识到，尽管现在我们认为网上可以找到所有东西的扫描版或者PDF，但实际上，有很多资料是找不到的。正是这些占星图书管理员们建立了这些关于晦涩占星作品的专业收藏并加以保存，他们的工作让我们能够保留和重建这段历史。他们的工作非常重要。
So Philip and Genzard especially deserve a lot of recognition for that and a lot of support for their work so please check out their websites and I'll put I'll probably put some links to them for this episode. I also wanted to like I said shout out to Walter Koch who had established the binatus and Brunachi thing in the 20th century and also shout out to Michael Feist from Vittu Verlag publishing who had his written some important histories of the Uranian school that I drew on from articles that are posted on his website as well.
因此，Philip 和 Genzard 尤其值得认可和大力支持他们的工作，所以请查看他们的网站。我可能会在这一集提供一些相关链接。另外，我也想向 Walter Koch 致敬，他在 20 世纪创立了 binatus 和 Brunachi 项目。同时，也要向 Vittu Verlag 出版社的 Michael Feist 致敬，他为天王星学派撰写了一些重要的历史，我在他网站上发布的文章中汲取了不少灵感。
All right so I think that's it for this episode so that is in the broad outlines what I understand to be the history of the development and popularization of the midpoint technique there's a number of interesting subtopics that I also ended up researching here including like the origins of the trans-Neptunian planets in the Hamburg school and some of the debates and issues surrounding those was one major subtopic and then another subtopic was the practice and eventual suppression of astrology in Nazi Germany in the 1930s and 1940s so at some point I might do separate topics on that I'm still trying to decide but if anybody would like me to go into those topics more at some point let me know but otherwise I think that's it for this episode.
好的，我想这一集就到这里了。总体来说，我谈到了中点技术的发展和普及历史。此外，我还研究了一些有趣的子话题，包括汉堡学派中有关海王星以外行星的起源，以及围绕这些行星的争议和问题，这是一个主要的子话题；另一个子话题是20世纪30年代和40年代纳粹德国对占星术的实践及其最终取缔。我可能会在某个时候专门讨论这些话题，但现在还在决定中。如果有人希望我深入探讨这些话题，请告诉我。不然的话，这一集就到此为止了。
So thanks so much for watching or listening to this episode of the astrology podcast and I'll see you again next time. If you're a fan of the podcast and you want to get access to bonus content then become a patron through my page on patreon where you can get early access to new episodes attend live recordings and webinars access the monthly election astrology podcast the secret astrology podcast it's only available to patrons or you can even get your name listed in the credits.
非常感谢你收看或收听这一集的占星播客，我们下次再见。如果你是播客的粉丝，并希望获得额外内容，可以通过我的Patreon页面成为会员。在那里你可以提前收听新剧集、参加直播录制和网络研讨会，访问每月的择日占星播客，以及只有会员才能收听的秘密占星播客，你甚至还可以在片尾字幕中看到自己的名字。
Find out more at patreon.com slash astrology podcast special thanks to the patrons on our producers tier including patrons Christy Moe, Ariana Amor, Mandy Ray, Angelique Nambo, Issa Sabah, Jean-Marie Kaplan, Melissa Delano, Sunny Bosbaz. Quatsi Elabarohu, Annie Newman, Ginger Sadley A, Berlin West, and Nikki Crawford.
在 patreon.com/astrology-podcast 了解更多信息。特别感谢我们制片人等级的赞助者，包括 Christy Moe, Ariana Amor, Mandy Ray, Angelique Nambo, Issa Sabah, Jean-Marie Kaplan, Melissa Delano, Sunny Bosbaz, Quatsi Elabarohu, Annie Newman, Ginger Sadley A, Berlin West, 和 Nikki Crawford。
If you're looking for good dates to do things this year then be sure to check out our 2026 Electionless Strategy Report which is a guide to the most fortunate dates in 2026. You can get it at the astrologypodcast.com slash 2026 report.
如果你正在寻找今年适合做事情的好日子，那么一定要查看我们的《2026 年无选举策略报告》。这份报告是关于 2026 年最吉利日期的指南。你可以在 astrologypodcast.com/2026report 获取。
If you're really looking to take your studies of astrology to the next level then consider setting up for my Hellenistic Astrology course which is an online course in ancient astrology where I take people from basic concepts up through intermediate and advanced techniques for reading birth charts. There's over a hundred hours of video lectures plus live webinars and Q&A sessions each month and at the end of the course you get a certificate of completion saying that you studied with me.
如果你真的想提升你的占星学研究水平，可以考虑报名我的希腊化占星课程。这是一门关于古代占星学的在线课程，我会从基础概念开始，带领你逐步掌握中级和高级的星盘解读技巧。课程包含超过100小时的视频讲座，每月还有现场网络研讨会和答疑环节。课程结束后，你会获得一张由我授课的结业证书。
Find out more information at theastrologyschool.com. If you're looking to get an astrological consultation then check out the new consultations page on the podcast website where I have a list of astrologers I recommend for birth chart readings and other types of consultations. You can find that at theastrologypodcast.com slash consultations.
想了解更多信息，请访问 theastrologyschool.com。如果您想进行占星咨询，请查看播客网站上的新咨询页面，我在上面列出了我推荐的占星师，他们提供出生星盘解读和其他类型的咨询服务。您可以在 theastrologypodcast.com/consultations 找到该页面。
The astrology software we use and recommend here on the podcast is called Solar Fire for Windows and you can get a 15% discount on it by using the promo code AP15 at the website alab.com. For Mac users we recommend the program called AstroGold for Mac OS and you can use the promo code Astro Podcast 15 to get a 15% discount at their website which is astrogold.io.
我们在播客中使用并推荐的占星软件叫做Solar Fire，适用于Windows系统。您可以在alabe.com网站上使用促销代码AP15享受15%的折扣。对于Mac用户，我们推荐名为AstroGold的Mac OS软件，您可以在他们的网站astrogold.io上使用促销代码Astro Podcast 15来获得15%的折扣。
And shout out to our sponsors for this episode including the Northwest astrology conference which is happening in Seattle and being live streamed online May 21st through the 25th, 2026. Find out more information at norwack.net as well as the United Astrology Conference which is happening in Chicago this year September 3rd through the 9th, 2026. Find out more information about that at uacastrology.com.
特别鸣谢本期节目的赞助商，其中包括即将在西雅图举行的西北占星大会（Northwest Astrology Conference）。该大会将于2026年5月21日至25日在线直播。了解更多信息，请访问norwack.net。此外，还有今年将在芝加哥举办的联合占星大会（United Astrology Conference），时间是2026年9月3日至9日。更多详情请访问uacastrology.com。