7 Types of Ships that Pirates Used to Wreak Havoc... - YouTube

Pirate ships came in all shapes and sizes. There were big ones and small ones, sail ships and rowing boats. Some were bristling with cannons, others made do with scaryfellas wielding cutlices and grappling hooks. But what types of vessels were most popular among pirates and how were they used?

海盗船的大小和形状千差万别。有大有小，有帆船有划艇。有些船上满载火炮，有些则依靠手持巨型砍刀和抓勾来威慑敌人。但是哪些船型最受海盗欢迎，它们又是如何被使用的呢？

Before we get into the nitty gritty of the differences, we should discuss a few things these boats had in common. If there is one thing that all pirate ships generally shared is that they were not bought and sold as pirate ships. If you were to go back in time to some coastal Caribbean town, walk toward the docks and try and ask some nice-looking shipwrights whether you could perhaps purchase a pirate ship please. You would most likely be laughed at and then taken on an extensive introduction to the local prisons and methods of criminal punishment. No, one did not buy a pirate ship. One could only make a pirate ship.

在我们深入讨论差异之前，我们应该先讨论一些这些船只共同的事情。如果有一件事可以概括所有海盗船的共同点，那就是它们不是作为海盗船购买和出售的。如果你回到时间倒流到加勒比海沿岸的某个城镇，走向码头，试图问一些看起来友好的船匠是否可以购买一艘海盗船。你会被嘲笑，然后被介绍去了解当地的监狱和犯罪惩罚方法。不，海盗船不是可以购买的，只能是自己制造。

Besides pirates typically weren't in the business of buying anything anyway even when it was available and so every ship we call a pirate ship usually started off life as something else a bit more boring before being stolen and refitted for the purpose of piracy. This usually meant making more space for a larger crew and as many cannons as could be crammed on. Cabins were removed, sail arrangements were changed and all kinds of stuff was tipped overboard, all to make room for more potential treasure.

海盗通常并不经营购买任何东西的生意，即使那些东西是可以获得的，因此我们所称的每艘海盗船通常最初都是另一种有点更加无聊的船只，被盗并改装为进行海盗活动。这通常意味着为了容纳更多的船员和尽可能多的火炮，要增加更多空间。舱房被移除，帆的安排也被改变，并且各种东西都被扔到海里，以便为更多的潜在财宝腾出空间。

Cram that conversion with unwashed sea criminals hoist up the jolly roger and you've got yourself a pirate ship. With that in mind let's look at the many varieties of pirate ships criminals used to terrorise the open waves. Welcome to Wars of the World.

把这些没有洗涤过的海盗塞进转换器里，扯起愉快的海盗旗帜，你就有了一艘海盗船。基于这一点，让我们来看看犯罪分子用来恐吓开阔海域的许多种类的海盗船。欢迎来到世界战争。

Slopes were the most common choice during the golden age of pirates during the 16th and 17th century. They sailed around the Caribbean but were hardy enough to cross the Atlantic if necessary. Relatively easily made single-masted slopes were commonly built in the Caribbean itself and were similarly easily adapted for pirate antics. A large bow sprit the beam that extended from the slopes prow meant that slopes had an increased canvas area, more sail coverage, more wind utilized, more maneuverability. This was the great advantage offered by slopes, speed and control. Although usually small, no more than a hundred tons and capable of holding 18 cannons at most, slopes were made to be fast, capable of reaching speeds of up to 10 knots.

在16和17世纪海盗的黄金时代，坡度是最常见的选择。他们在加勒比海航行，但如果必要，也足够强大可以穿越大西洋。相对容易制造的单桅坡度通常在加勒比海本地建造，并且同样易于适应海盗戏法。一根长杠杆从坡度的船首伸出的大船头，意味着坡度拥有更大的帆布面积，更多的旗帜覆盖，更多的风力利用，更灵活的操纵。这是坡度提供的巨大优势，即速度和控制。虽然通常很小，不超过100吨并且最多能装18门火炮，坡度被制造成快速的船只，能够达到10节的速度。

In a slope pirates could ensure they could get up real close to any merchant vessel before they had had too much time to prepare. Staring over at a slope, brimming with ruthless cutthroats close enough to smell, merchant sailors can be forgiven for surrendering to the crew of these small but nimble vessels. On top of this should pirates find a crew a bit better prepared than they'd expect it. A hasty retreat was always an option. A shallow draft meant it could reach the sections of sandy shoreline, bed-aramed and larger vessels couldn't get near, perfect in the reef-strune Caribbean sea. With the waters of the Caribbean filled with privateers and navies of Europe's monarchies, always on the prowl. The option to just catch the wind and get out of an area fast shouldn't be underestimated.

在一个斜坡上，海盗可以确保在商船有足够时间做准备之前就可以靠近他们。站在斜坡上，面对着充满无情的海盗，足以让商船水手向这些小而灵活的船员投降。此外，如果海盗发现船员比他们预期的要好，那么他们总是可以进行紧急撤退的。浅吃水使得这些船可以靠近那些床架和大船都无法接近的沙滩。在布满私掠者和欧洲各个君主国的海军的加勒比海上，随时都有人巡逻。逃离这个区域是一个快速的选择，也不应被低估。

Cheap, simple to capture, sail and replace. The slope was an easy choice for pirates just starting out in their criminal careers.

便宜、简单易学、易替换的帆船。对于那些刚开始涉足犯罪生涯的海盗来说，斜坡是一个很容易的选择。

Another favorite of the pirates of the Caribbean and Atlantic was the two mastered schooner. Like the slope, this boat was fast, easy to maneuver and enjoyed for its size, a large capacity for guns and cannons. A narrower hole and even shallower draft meant that schooners could easily hide in shallow estuaries in order to escape enemies. The downside of course is that this vessel couldn't hold as much booty or crew. Still, schooners were perfect for fast raids, capable of outpacing most other ships at sea. In the hands of an enterprising pirate captain and his crew, they were fierce some vessels indeed.

加勒比海和大西洋海盗的另一种最喜爱的船只是双桅横帆船。与斜帆船类似，这种船只速度快，易于操纵，受到欢迎的原因是由于其体积，有很大的枪炮容量。较窄的船舱和更浅的吃水线意味着横帆船可以轻松地藏在浅水河口中，以逃避敌人。当然，这个船只的缺点是它不能容纳太多的掠夺品或船员。但是，横帆船非常适合进行快速袭击，能够超过大多数其他船只的速度。在一个有进取心的海盗船长和他的船员的手中，它们是极具威力的船只。

Now we're starting to get to some of the big ships. The Brighantine was one of them, capable of weighing as much as 200 tons. They were true icons during the Golden Age of Sail, combining both speed and size. Like the schooner, the Brighantine had a shallow draft, two masts and a large boussprit. Unlike sloups and schooners however, Brighantines were large with enough space to position cannons within the hull. This gave much more protection to pirate crews for when things got ugly. With big holes, some 24 cannons and enough space to hold over 100 men, Brighantines gave a pirate captain a lot more options, engaging in long battles and targeting the largest of spoils first and foremost among them.

现在我们来到了一些大船的领域。Brighantine 是其中之一，重量可达 200 吨。在帆船黄金时代，它们是真正的标志，兼具速度和尺寸。像 Schooner 一样，Brighantine 也有一个浅吃水线、两根桅杆和一个大的小三角帆杆。不过，与 Sloops 和 Schooners 不同的是，Brighantines 很大，足够容纳船内炮管。这为海盗船员提供了更多保护，防备时局恶劣。Brighantines 身形巨大，有24 门大炮和足够的空间容纳100多人，给海盗船长带来了更多选择，能够参与长时间的战斗，首先瞄准最大的猎物。

Incredibly, none of this came at the expense of speed. Utilising square sails and even orbs during times when the winds were low, the Brighantine, commonly known as a Brigh, was a fast, maneuverable ship that was adored by pirates, navies and civilians alike. Small wonder why they were the ideal boat for a pirate captain of significant standing, for whom the Brighantine gave the perfect mix of abilities.

令人难以置信的是，这一切都没有以速度为代价。 Brighantine船利用方形帆甚至在风低的时候使用球体帆，是一艘快速、易操作的船只，深受海盗、海军和平民的喜爱。难怪它们是具有显著地位的海盗船长的理想船只，为他们提供了完美的能力组合。

William Kidd sailed a version of a brick, the three mastered 287 tonne adventure galley, using it to pass all the way around the Cape of Good Hope and into the Indian Ocean.

威廉·基德乘坐一艘三桅、重287吨的冒险加利帆船的一种版本，使用它绕过好望角并进入印度洋。

Square rigged ships were a broad category of vessel. More often than not, they were captured merchant ships of significant size, identified by their large square sails and three masts. Not designed as fighting vessels, their weight and large hold meant that they were slow and cumbersome to sail. These ships usually weighed more than 1000 tons.

方形帆船是一种广泛的船只类别。通常情况下，它们是较大的商船被捕后改装而成，以其大型方帆和三根桅杆为标志。由于它们并非为战斗船只设计，其重量和大型货舱意味着它们航行缓慢而笨拙。这些船通常重量超过1000吨。

Due to their lack of agility, pirates were unlikely to choose a square rigged ship as their first choice, but in a pinch they could do a lot worse. Square rigged ships were great for stealing large amounts of booty and could navigate through deep oceans with ease. They were also very common to find on the open waters, for they were widely used in transatlantic slave trade, carrying everything from sugar to human slaves. They also looked big, and in the naval scene at the time, big equals bad. Everyone can see the size of your ship in their telescope. Paint a few fake cannons on the port side and you've got merchants surrendering their cargo's left right and centre. All in all not bad and as a result of their impressive intimidation factor, they wound up in pirate fleets regularly.

由于缺乏敏捷性，海盗们不太可能首选方形帆船，但在万不得已的情况下，他们也可以选择。方形帆船盗取大量赃物非常方便，并且可以轻松地在深海航行。在公海上，方形帆船也非常常见，因为它们广泛用于跨大西洋奴隶贸易，运输从糖到人类奴隶的一切。此外，它们看起来很大，在当时的海军场景中，大型船只等同于不好的事情。每个人都可以用望远镜看到您船只的大小。在港口一侧画几个假大炮，然后您就可以让商人们献出他们的货物了。总体而言，方形帆船并不糟糕，由于其给人留下的强大威慑力，它们成为海盗舰队的常客。

The Dutch float was technically a square rigged ship, perfectly designed for carrying large amounts of cargo. This ship combined massive size with a galley like design. Popularized by the trading heavyweight that was the Dutch United Provinces, a float was cheaply built but sturdy. Cumbersome but with massive possibilities for customization for any creatively minded pirate captain. Often weighing over 300 tons, these vast vessels were sometimes just too tempting for pirates to abandon after a successful raid and just look at them. They are massive. Standing aboard that hulk, it would be hard for any pirate captain when offered the chance to take one to say no.

荷兰浮船是一种技术上正方形帆船，完美设计可搭载大量货物。这种船将庞大的尺寸与船坞般的设计结合在了一起。由荷兰联省贸易重镇推广而来，浮船造价低廉而坚固。虽然有些笨重，但对于任何有创造性的海盗船长来说，都有巨大的自定义可能性。这些庞大的船只常常重达300吨以上，有时候海盗在成功掠夺后因无法割舍船只的庞大魅力而选择将其保留。站在那巨潮的甲板上，很难对任何一个海盗船长说不，当他被提供机会拥有一艘时。

Interestingly, these ships had a wide, flat-bottomed cross-section. This made them very useful when navigating the Caribbean, although not by design. They were made this way in order to cunningly evade taxes and tolls. All shipping, passing through the straits accessing Denmark, Norway and Sweden were taxed by the Danish based on their deck area, not the actual capacity of their holds. This sneaky design allowed the Dutch to dodge taxes and remain dominant in trade. They were as popular with pirates as they must have been unpopular with Danish tax officials. Many believe the legendary ghost ship, the flying Dutchman, to be a Dutch float. Sightings of this mysterious ship seem endless, with even the future King George V, claiming to have cited the thing off the coast of Australia in the summer of 1880 when he was only 15 years old.

有趣的是，这些船具有宽广的扁平底部截面。尽管这并非设计意图，但这使它们在航行加勒比海时非常有用。它们是以这种方式制造的，以巧妙地逃避税收和过路费。通过通往丹麦、挪威和瑞典的海峡的所有船只都会按其甲板面积而非实际货仓容量向丹麦征税。这种狡猾的设计使荷兰人得以避开税收，保持贸易上的主导地位。它们对海盗们很受欢迎，但一定很不受丹麦税务官员的欢迎。许多人认为传说中的鬼船“飞来荷兰人”就是一艘荷兰船。这个神秘船只的目击报告似乎无穷无尽，甚至连未来的国王乔治五世在1880年夏天他只有15岁时声称看到它在澳大利亚海岸附近出现过。

I'm sure this is the one you've been waiting for. The galleon, the heavyweight champion of pirate vessels, scourge of merchant shipping and pirate hunters alike. A Spanish design, the galleon combined the need to carry large cargoes while still being able to defend itself with cannons. Often crammed with silver and gold stripped from the crumbling empires and enslaved peoples of the new world, these ships needed to be well defended because the attention they attracted was immense. There was no prize in the Atlantic, more dangerous and more sought after. Capturing one, let alone sailing one, was enough to make any pirate captain incredibly rich, as well as incredibly impressive.

我相信这就是你一直在等待的船只。这是加載量巨大、是海盗船中最重硬派的冠军船型——大西洋商船以及海盗猎人的噩梦。作为一款西班牙船型，该型号兼顾了大量货物的运载和使用火炮自卫的需要。这些船经常装载着从萎靡的帝国和殖民地人民身上掠夺来的白银和黄金，使得它们需要强有力的防护，因为引人注目的程度非常高。在大西洋中，没有比这个更危险和被追逐的目标了。一艘船的捕获，更别说驾驶它，足以让任何海盗船长荣富显赫。

A galleon shows hundreds of years of shipbuilding experience in its design, looking at a picture of a 15th century manor war. You can see how the stern castle at the back part of the ship and the four castle at the front are both extremely tall. This made the ship top heavy and hard to handle, but was crucial in the up close naval warfare of the time. Well, in the more modern galleons during the Golden Age of Sail, this four castle disappears, but the high castle remains, giving the galleons a distinctive silhouette even when viewed from a distance.

一艘大型帆船的设计反映了数百年的造船经验。看一张15世纪的庄园战争图片，你可以看到船尾的城堡和船首的四个城堡都非常高大。这让船变得非常重，难以操控，但在当时的近距离海战中至关重要。在更现代的帆船，如黄金时代的加利昂帆船中，四个城堡消失了，但高高的城堡仍然存在，即使从远处看也能给加利昂帆船带来独特的轮廓。

The main fighting power of these ships though were their gun decks, with as many as 70 cannons and with crews up to 200 strong, galleons were capable of outgunning any other vessel outside of the navies of Europe's mononkes. A pirate captain leading one of these ships was nothing short of unbeatable.

这些船的主要战斗力在于它们的炮甲板，每艘船有多达70门大炮，船员可达200人。在欧洲君主国海军之外，加利恩战舰能够比其他任何船只更优秀地发挥火力优势。率领这些船只的海盗船长几乎是无敌的。

That is, unbeatable, save for one exception, with size and weaponry came compromises, speed and maneuverability the most important among them. These ships could also only dark in deep water ports and were limited from a great many pirate bases. They were always at risk of storms and sand dunes, and whereas moving slowly is a slight negative to a galleon in lawful hands, for everyone on board knew that few pirates would ever be crazy enough to face them, let alone succeed in the endeavour. In the hands of lawless pirates, this simply wasn't the case.

这些船舶几乎无敌，除了一个例外，因为在尺寸和武器装备方面存在妥协，速度和机动性是其中最重要的。这些船只只能在深水港口靠岸，限制了许多海盗基地的使用。它们总是处于风暴和沙丘的风险之中，而对于一艘合法的大帆船来说，慢速移动只是轻微的负面影响，因为船上每个人都知道很少有海盗会疯狂到挑战它们，更不要说在这个努力中获得成功了。但在无法无天的海盗手中，情况就不一样了。

Pursued at times with relentless energy from large and well-equipped regional forces, pirates could rarely afford to plot around the sea in a massive galleon, making a statement wherever they went. One incredibly famous galleon was the Queen Anne's Revenge. Captain by its infamous pirate captain Edwood Teach, the Queen Anne's Revenge was a well-armed French slave ship, converted following its capture into one of the most formidable pirate vessels of all time.

有时，海盗会被装备精良的地方军队不断追逐，因此很少有机会驾驶巨大的加蓬帆船在海上巡逻，炫耀自己的存在。其中一艘非常著名的加蓬帆船是女王安妮的复仇号。由臭名昭著的海盗船长Edwood Teach操纵，女王安妮的复仇号是一艘武装到牙齿的法国奴隶船，在被俘获后被改造成为有史以来最强大的海盗船之一。

Finally we come to frigates, but be warned this entry comes with something of an asterisk. That's because frigates were a pretty loose category to define a ship changing drastically over the years. Compare a frigate of the 18th century to one from the 19th, and then again look at one in the 21st. Thankfully for all a line at the time, it was the first of these that pirates during the age of sale were able to get their hands on.

最后我们来谈谈护卫舰，但要警告你，这篇文章有些标志。因为在历史上，护卫舰是一个相当宽泛的定义，随着年代的变迁而发生了巨大的变化。把18世纪的护卫舰与19世纪的护卫舰相比较，再来看看21世纪的护卫舰。幸运的是，在海盗时代，他们能够得到的是从前者中脱颖而出的舰艇。

Still, a well-armed frigate in the hands of pirates would have been a truly fearsome prospect for any sailor to face. Generally speaking, ships known as frigates would have had one or two gondex, but were smaller and more nimble than ships of the lines used in naval battles. Make no mistake however, these were warships purpose-built for battle. They were well-made, well-armed with as many as 40 cannons, and they meant business.

然而，一艘被海盗掌控的武装良好的护卫舰对于任何水手来说都是一个真正可怕的前景。一般来说，被称为护卫舰的船只可能会有一个或两个甲板，但比在海战中使用的战舰更小、更敏捷。但不要误解，这些都是专门建造用于战斗的战舰。它们工艺精良，武装良好，拥有多达40门火炮，并且意在发挥作用。

Although technically outgunned by galleons, their speed and modern design meant that they could run rings around these well-armed but cumbersome ships. One of the most famous pirate run frigates was the fancy, the famous ship captained by Henry Avery. It was with this fearsome vessel that he battled the royal fleet of the Indian Mughal Empire, capturing the treasure filled 1,600 tonn Gangesa Y, and making himself the equivalent of a 17th century pirate billionaire in the process.

虽然在军舰方面技术不如大型帆船，但海盗的速度和现代化设计使他们能够在这些武装精良但笨重的船只周围转圈。最著名的海盗护卫舰之一是“芬西”，这艘著名的船由亨利·艾弗里船长指挥。就是这艘令人畏惧的船只，艾弗里与印度莫卧儿帝国王家舰队展开了激战，并夺下了载满财宝的1600吨淡水鱼船，使他在这个过程中成为了17世纪的海盗富翁。

In the era of the Golden Age of Sail, when the ship was your steed and your weapon, a ship like the fancy plowed through foes like a nuclear bomb, a true terror of all pirate vessels. And there you have seven types of pirate ship. Please leave a comment down below with your own thoughts and reactions, and remember to like this video and subscribe to support the channel. Thank you for watching, and I'll see you next time.

在帆船黄金时代，船便是你的坐骑和武器。像"花哨"这样的船在敌人中穿行，堪比核弹，使所有海盗船都感到恐惧。在此，我们有七种类型的海盗船。请在下方留下您自己的想法和反应，记得点赞这个视频并订阅支持本频道。感谢您的观看，我们下次见。