Hello my friends, today is May 31st and this is markets weekly. So this past week was a shortened holiday trading week but man it was totally packed with excitement and it all began even before markets opened Tuesday morning. Now over the long weekend, Preston Vandalion of the European Union caught Preston Trump and together they worked out some kind of temporary truth when it comes to trade. Now remember last week Preston Trump told the world that he would impose a 50% tariff on the EU because he was not happy with trade progress. So over the weekend, they managed to delay the implementation of that tariff to several weeks beyond the initial deadline all the way until July 9th, giving the EU and the US plenty of time to work something else. Now the markets really like that news and totally surged.
Now later on in the week, markets got another positive piece of news on the trade front. A US trade court basically said no to Preston Trump's reciprocal tariffs and the markets surged again on that, although notably faded. So this week was all about trade talk news. So today let's talk about that legal ruling and why that's really never going to matter in this context. So there will be tariffs. And secondly, why based on the things that we're seeing, trade talks really are not going well and maybe the president is going to have to do something drastic.
Okay, starting with the legal ruling. So Congress has power over tariffs and stuff like that, but a few decades ago they delegated it to the president. And the president and does it make the law, executes the law, has a wide range of tools through which he can use trade policy. So for example, he can do something called a section 2, 3, 2 tariff where they do a long month, a couple months study, maybe more on a particular sector and finding that that study through that study that foreign countries are not behaving well on the trade, they can do something about it.
Now the section 2, 3, 2 tariff rolled out in aluminum, steel, autos and that's the basis for those tariffs. However, another tool the president has is something called AIPA. So in that case, the president can declare an emergency and the president has a lot of leeway, a lot of discretion to declare an emergency. And once we're in a state of emergency, he can use all these tariffs.
Now some people obviously are not happy with tariffs, challenge them and the trade, the US trade court is saying that yeah, you know, this reciprocal tariff stuff, AIPA powers, this doesn't make sense and so no. Now the president was obviously they're upset about this, impaled, but and also talking about all sorts of other things they can do about it. Now they've been some many smart people who are saying that yeah, this tariff thing, it's going to blow over because the courts will find it to be illegal and it will be game over.
But I really think that misunderstands on a very fundamental way just how the world works and the era that we're in. Now I think to better understand this, we should have some more historical context. So I want to talk about a couple, US presidents that are very similar to Trump and also had clashes with the courts. So let's talk a little bit about Andrew Jackson, president Andrew Jackson who was president during the 1820s and president Roosevelt who was president during the 1930s.
So president Jackson was someone who was basically a populist and by populist I mean someone who drew his, his drew his movement from people who are maybe lower income, less educated. We won with poorly educated, I love the poorly educated. And he identified with people who were basically common men and he would rail against the leads, the educated people, the wealthy people, people in the big cities and so forth.
And he's president, he came at a time when there was great change in the world. The big change from a suffrage point of view was that in the beginning, in the US, the only people who could vote were people who were basically men who owned land. Now during Andrews, the few years, the decades, couple decades preceding Andrew Jackson's presidency, that was being reformed such that all men could vote.
And so suddenly you had a huge change in the composition of the electorate, whereas you had all these people who were not landowners and suddenly they could vote. And these guys obviously were less well off and you know you can think of them as the common man. And so Andrew Jackson appealed to those people and fashioned himself as a populist and he himself was from very humble origins, though of course a war hero and ultimately did become wealthy.
So he would, you know, some of the things that he would do was that he would have these mass rallies and he would make them to be festive events when people would come. It would be pretty chaotic, but you know you'd have barbecue, you'd have alcohol, you know, honestly just like a Trump rally. And his people would just be the people that honestly were not very high status people. And he would, his signature policies that we remember from all the time were things like getting rid of the central bank. Now before we had the federal reserve, we had the Bank of the United States. Now Andrew Jackson was like, you know, this bank there, secret of organization, helping rich people with using funny money and all that, you know, that's not good. So I want to destroy it. And so and to Jackson really tried very hard and did destroy the bank of the United States.
Now when he's doing all these changes, obviously there's going to be a lot of backlash. There are people who have entrenched interest and so forth. And so that made him unpopular with some parts of the public. Now one of his most memorable things was his defiance of the Supreme Court. Now back then the United States was smaller than it is today. And there was a lot of Cherokee land. So Indian land that was sprinkled out in the US. Now the state of Georgia is basically trying to take over some of the Indian land and give it to their own people. Now the Supreme Court ruled against that and said that, you know, that's illegal by treaties and so forth, that land is belongs to the Indian land. And the Supreme Court was totally correct on that.
Now that being said, President Jackson saw that ruling and memorably, again, I don't know, we don't know if he actually said this, but it's not going to extend that. Well, you know, Chief Justice Marshall, you made this ruling. Why don't you go enforce it yourself, right? But of course, the Justice System doesn't have an army, doesn't have a police force, but they can't do anything about it. And so what actually happened was that the Indians were forcibly removed from their lands. And it was actually an event called the Trail of Tears, which was very sad. And they were forcibly removed from their lands and moved farther westward to Oklahoma. And that land was given to other people.
So here is a present of the United States just defying the Supreme Court and that happened. Why? Because President Jackson, super popular. And when you are the government, you are powered, derives, and not from, you know, what some random guy says far away in Washington, D.C., but by popular support in President Jackson understood that. Now secondly, let's talk about President Franklin Delino Roosevelt, who was present during the 1930s. Now at that time, as we all know, it was the Great Depression. Unemployment rate was as high as 25%. It was a time of great misery.
Now Franklin Delino Roosevelt was also a populist and he, his source of support was what he would call the forgotten men. So basically all these people who were, you know, suffering or ordinary people and he would, you know, harness their support against, you know, against the elites. And so what he was trying to do was he was trying to embark upon a very large project of redistribution. And so he was during this era where he massively raised income tax, massively, even creating what many thought then as a wealth tax and then took that money and built all sorts of public works programs and things like social security and so forth.
And so he was basically fundamentally changing how the system worked. Now the Supreme Court of that time was not supportive of his actions, basically saying that what he was doing was illegal. And to be clear, they were totally correct. Now the United States initially was built on a very, on the belief of a small government. So you would have a federal government and you would also have state and local governments. Now since the beginning, the federal government was actually supposed to be a very weak political entity and the power was supposed to largely reside within the states. In fact, in that era, when they tried to pass laws to mandate seatbelts for cars, now they couldn't do that because it was ruled that the federal government did not have the power to mandate seatbelts for the country. So the federal government at that time was not powerful.
And Franklin Delina Roosevelt was basically remaking the system to make the federal government powerful as a way to meet the emergencies of that time. And he was very astute in that he would every week engage in these weekly fireside chats using radio, which was a new technology at that time to build a relationship with the public to let them know what they were doing and of course to earn their trust and support. So Franklin Delina Roosevelt obviously was popular among the public, but again, among the elite. Again, he was not popular because of course he was threatening their interests. Now to be clear, FDR himself was born from a very wealthy family and this elite persona, this populist persona maybe was just manufactured, I don't know. But again, you can see parallels today with President Trump who despite being a populist, identifying with the working class blue collar people is a billionaire and of course very adept at using new media like Twitter.
So when FDR was doing all these big changes, obviously people were unhappy and the Supreme Court was threatening to put an end to it. And so what did FDR do? Well, it was like well, Supreme Court, okay. Well you guys are voting against me. Okay, how many justices do you have there? Okay. I add some more justices to put my own people on the court. In fact, I'll keep putting people on my court until we get enough votes to pass. How about that? And that is obviously a significant constitutional crises and that was really impact his political capital. But the end result was that the Supreme Court backed down and allowed his programs to proceed and allowed him to fundamentally remake the American government.
Now I say these two examples because I think of Trump as very much another person who was trying to remake the global world order. Now this happens every now and then. The US is a very dynamic political system. But you know, President Trump is identifying with the common men, many who have few that things are not going well. And he's challenging the current elite, economic interests and so forth and he's trying to remake the world. Right now what we're seeing for example is that he is systematically trying to dismantle Harvard University, one of the actually probably the most prestigious university in the entire world. Cutting their funding and trying to mess with their admissions process and so forth. And what really surprises me is that no one is standing up and trying to defend Harvard. You have this bastion of the elite and no one is standing up to them. And I think this is consistent with what we see throughout. Polling is that the broader public does not have as much confidence in our institutions as they did in the past. And so they are okay with them being dismantled or changed and kind of how President Trump came to power to begin with.
Now, as in Trump, being a populist president at a time when the institutions are weak at a time when he has, you know, did win an election. So I'd say bought popular support. Again, there are many people who don't like him. But there is also I think at least 20% of the people who think of it as the great leader. So a court basically just the three guys in DC is not going to be able to change this entire movement. President has the support of tens of millions of people. He's on TV all the time. Everyone knows. And of course, many people perceive the court system to be unfair. So these court rulings are just not going to be able to change the president policy. The government itself is not super bound by the law. It's the government creates and enforces the law. So if you're looking at the law, the legal system to kind of change the executive, that's just not going to work in an era of populism.
And if the courts do that, the courts, again, ultimately it's just a few people without an army, unelected their power derives from the consent of the people. And they're not going to be able to win. And so that's why the court in FDR's time bent the knee and that's why any court in this era will have to do the same. So in any case, we probably won't have to get to that extent. The president has acknowledged that there's a lot of other ways to do this. If you look through the existing law, there are current laws where they can impose tariffs of up to 15% for 90 days and during that period, just rolled out new section 232 studies that eventually tariffs and so forth. But there's a lot of tools for them to be able to do this. But I think looking to the legal system to try to stop this tariff policy, that's just not going to happen.
The law is not some magic incantation. It really derives its legitimacy from the public and the public for decades has been looking for change. Now, maybe not particularly on tariffs, but still, I think most people give the president the benefit of the doubt. So I would expect tariffs to continue. And this stuff is just going to be how it is, at least until we get a new president. Okay, the second thing that I want to talk about is trade talks. Now, trade talks have not been going well, obviously. So I think the biggest key you can get from this is from Secretary of Bess and himself who said this.
And what about China, specifically China and that obviously started in a different place, how can you characterize those talks now? I would say that they are a bit stalled. I believe that we will be having more talks with them in the next few weeks. And I believe we may, at some point, have a call between the president and party chair Xi. So basically, that's the sitting secretary of treasury acknowledging that trade talks with China are not going well. This is really surprising because if you notice everyone else in the administration, when you're part of the administration, you're on the same team and you've got to say good things about the president, everything's going well, everything's going well.
And that's what they all say. So when one of them says something different, that's a huge red flag. And that suggests that things are actually really, really going really, really poorly. Now Bess and himself, I know that is a particularly honest person. I remember that at Liberation Day, when he was asked why the president did not have Canada and Mexico on his big poster of reciprocal tariffs, the secretary said, I don't know. That was surprising to me because no one wants to admit they don't know something on TV. And to admit that is also saying that I'm not that important. But he did that and so that tells me he's someone honest.
And so he's being honest again, saying that we're stalling here on trade talks with China. Now furthermore, on Friday, the president had a tweet complaining about trade talks with China, saying that no more Mr. Naisky. Now the reporting suggests that part of the agreement at Geneva was that the US would roll back their tariffs, China would roll back theirs. But also China would be able to expedite or at least continue rear earth shipments. But what seems to be happening is that the Chinese are slow walking their exporting and rear earths and that's impacting businesses in America and making the administration mad. So we'll see what they're going to do.
It looks like on Friday, they also wrote out new regulations saying that they're going to have more enforcement on certain Chinese tech mergers. And also throughout the week, the administration seems to be cracking down on visas for students from China. And that obviously is going to upset people in China. Now the thinking from the administration seems to be that China is our strategic competitor. It doesn't make sense for us to give university places to them, only for them to go back and maybe work in areas that are at odds with the US when we give this to an American who will stay here and try to make build out American industry.
So that seems to be their thinking. Now this is connected to, now despite all this, I think it's noteworthy that the markets really didn't go down a lot. And I think that's connected to something else that is the emergence of the taco trade which stands for Trump always chickens out. Now at a recent press conference, President Trump was actually asked about this and I don't know, he probably doesn't follow Twitter the way that many of us do, but it seemed like he was his first time hearing this. As your Wall Street analyst at Coin New New Term, called the taco trade, they're saying Trump always chickens out on the tariff threats and that's why markets are higher this week.
这似乎是他们的想法。现在这与某件事有关,尽管如此,我认为值得注意的是市场并没有出现大幅下跌。我认为这与另一件事有关,那就是所谓的“taco 交易”,意思是“特朗普总是退缩”。在最近的一次新闻发布会上,有记者问到了这个问题,我不确定特朗普是否像我们许多人那样关注推特,但看起来他似乎是第一次听说这个说法。据称华尔街分析师在Coin New New Term上提出了这个“taco 交易”的说法,他们认为特朗普总是在威胁加征关税时退缩,这也是本周市场上涨的原因。
What's your response to that? I kick out. Chicken out. Oh, chicken out. I've never heard that. And as we all know, Trump over the past decade would always make comments that foreign leaders are laughing at us, laughing at us, thinking that we're stupid. And now I think what the press is saying that Mr. President, the kids are laughing at you. They're saying that you always chicken out.
So we're at this juncture where one is that Trump is giving more resistance from the courts about his tariffs, his trade partners are pushing back against him and it seems like his trade agenda is not going well. And of course, he is being humiliated. So it seems that my best guess is looking at his temper and temperament, he might have to do something. Just to show the world that he's not a chicken.
Okay, so we'll see what that is. Again, this whole week was dominated by headlines. I would not be surprised in the next week were to be the same. All right, talk to you guys next week.