It's the mid-90s, Long Yan and China's southeastern Fuji-en Province. Zhong E-Ming is sitting in his bedroom, reading. Zhong is in middle school, and he spends a lot of time reading. His bed is littered with music magazines and books.
E-Ming, I'm home. Zhong runs to his dad, who works as a librarian for a social science organization. He lugs in a big box and struggles to open it. Dad, what's that? His father smiles, but doesn't answer. Zhong watches and awes his father pulls out a large gray box. A computer? Dad, can I use it? Please, please, can I use it? His dad chuckles as he places the bulky PC on a nearby desk and sorts through a bundle of wires to plug it in. Sure, but first I want to try stock trading. They reopen the Shanghai Stock Exchange.
Zhong is lucky. He was born at the dawn of the 80s, as capitalist changes were sweeping across China. Fujian was one of the first provinces to open up to the outside world. That meant international trade, foreign goods, and a better standard of living. Compared to most people in China, Zhong's family is rich. His dad stands back and admires his handiwork. OK, do you want to turn it on? Yes, please. Zhong steps forward and places his finger on the power button. He watches in amazement as the black screen comes to life. Although this early PC technology will quickly become obsolete, it will open a window of learning and discovery for Zhong. And that knowledge will give Zhong the power to change the world and throw China's tenuous relationship with America in jeopardy.
Hi, I'm Sarah Haggy, co-host of Wondering's podcast, Scample Inswers. In our recent two-part series, Three Weddings and a Funeral, we dive into the story of a German con man who built an entire life on fake names, lies, and schemes, and the unlikely true crime twist that brought this decades-long charade crashing down. Listen to Scample Inswers on Amazon Music or wherever you get your podcasts.
For a Wondry, I'm David Brown and this is Business Wars. In the last episode, Instagram gained momentum as its founders Kevin Sistram and Mike Krieger pivoted to a photography-based site, and Zhong Eaming, got his start in coding, building the technology that would make TikTok revolutionary. Sistram and Zhong were both born in 1983, at the dawn of personal computing. Separated by the Pacific Ocean, they both share a passion for computers and coding. But though their childhoods could not have been more different, they're following the same North Star, the American Dream, but achieving that dream will be a nightmare.
This is Episode 2, Small Place, Big Dream. 1995, Holliston, Massachusetts, a wealthy suburb 30 miles outside of Boston. Twelve-year-old Sistram is sitting at the family computer playing the first-person shooter game Doom 2 from a floppy disk. He's navigating a fantasy world full of danger. Using his keyboard arrows, he points his digital gun at a giant red demon and fires. His parents recently brought home the family's first computer, and Sistram has been playing on it non-stop. Kevin, dinner's nearly ready. Hold on, Mom, I just need to finish this level.
Downstairs his Mom, a marketing executive, is preparing dinner in their large kitchen. His dad, who works in human resources, is reading the newspaper. Sistram finishes the level, the last of the game. But he's not satisfied. He wants to figure out how to make the game last longer. So the next day, he starts to edit the levels of Doom 2, coding the graphics to customize the playing experience. It's his first stab at computer programming, but it won't be his last. He'll go on to code at his exclusive boarding school in Concord, Massachusetts, where he soaks up basic computer science classes. In his downtime, he writes a program for AOL Instant Messenger that kicks other people off line. It's juvenile stuff, but he's honing his coding chops.
Early 2005 in Palo Alto. Sistram strides into Zau Nudelbar about a mile from Stanford where Sistram is studying management science and engineering. He's also taking more computer science classes and building a couple websites on the side. He's dressed in a high-quality button-down shirt and well-fitted, dark jeans. He scans the tables and spots a much shorter man, wearing slip-on sandals, baggy jeans and a zip-up hoodie. With his curly hair and pale skin, he looks like a high school student. In fact, he's a startup founder who's about to make a very interesting proposition. Sistram puts out his hand.
Hi Mark, good to see you again. Hey, thanks for meeting me.
嗨 Mark,很高兴再次见到你。嘿,谢谢你和我约见。
Sistram first met Mark Zuckerberg at a San Francisco party a while back. Zuckerberg, who recently dropped out of Harvard, is becoming a name in Silicon Valley.
He's recruiting college students and recent graduates to help him build out his new website, TheFacebook.com. Zuckerberg gestures to the chair across from him, and Sistram sits down.
Oh yeah, it's a website I've been working on on the side. Basically, people can upload large files and then share or print them. At this point in the internet, it takes ages to upload and download large files like photos. Photo box is quick to use, so it's become popular with Sistram's frat brothers, who upload and download photos after parties.
Word's getting out, and Zuckerberg's looking for a way to get photos onto Facebook.
消息已经传出去了,扎克伯格正在寻找一种将照片上传到Facebook的方法。
Listen Kevin, at Facebook, you get to be on the ground floor of something that's going to be huge. We're about to open up to high school students and then the whole world. We're going to be bigger than Yahoo!
Sistram listens politely, but he isn't sure he believes Zuckerberg's hype. They finish their noodles, and Zuckerberg gives the waiter his credit card. Within a minute, the waiter is back.
Oh, that's weird. Zuckerberg turns to Sistram, trying to play it cool. Ugh, that's just our president. He's forgotten to pay the bill again. Things have been busy, as you can imagine.
The pair splits the bill, but Sistram is not impressed. This guy says he's about to take on the world, but he can't even pay for lunch. He's not joining Facebook.
2005 Sistram dressed in his usual preppy clothes as standing outside the door of an office in San Francisco. He just finished his junior year at Stanford. He nabbed the school's competitive Mayfield Fellowship by building his own version of Craigslist just for Stanford students.
As part of the fellowship, students get internships at Silicon Valley's hottest tech startups. One morning, he stares up at a sign for ODO, a podcasting publishing site where users can record their episodes and aggregate them in a directory.
Sistram's about to meet two men who will have immense influence on his next decisions. A man with dark, thinning hair and thick black glasses opens the door.
The man looks puzzled. Oh, right, right. I forgot you started today. Yep. Here I am.
这个人看起来很困惑。哦,对对。我忘记你今天开始了。没错。我在这里。
The man is Evan Williams, the co-founder and CEO of ODO. Sistram sits down. Then a long-haired man with an earring in a giant beard wanders in. He takes off his headphones and looks at Sistram quizzically.
For the next few weeks, Dorsey shares his knowledge with a Stanford student, giving him coding assignments and teaching him a programming language called JavaScript.
Sistram watches Dorsey and Williams carefully. He notices that Williams is the first person in the office and the last person out. The work never seems to stop.
Sistram 注意到 Dorsey 和 Williams 每天都非常认真地工作。他发现 Williams 是办公室里第一个来的,也是最后一个离开的人。工作似乎永远也做不完。
But even Sistram realizes ODO isn't really taking off. One day, Williams summons his seven-person team to his office. After a bit of a preamble, he gets to the point.
We've decided to pivot. Jack has been working on a messaging service that allows instant updates. He gestures to Dorsey, who's leaning back in his chair.
我们决定改变方向。杰克一直在开发一种消息服务,可以进行即时更新。他朝向坐在椅子上向后靠的多西示意。
So we're going to call it quits with ODO and start working on Jack's side project, Twitter.
所以我们打算结束与ODO的合作,开始着手处理杰克的副业Twitter。
The team is caught off guard, and Sistram is stunned. He's just learned a very valuable lesson about the startup world. Don't get too attached to your first idea.
2007 Mountain View, California. Sistram is sitting in a glass-walled conference room at Google, where he's been working for a year. He's waiting for a young entrepreneur to begin his pitch about why Google should acquire them.
2007年,加利福尼亚州的山景城。Sistram 正坐在 Google 的玻璃包围会议室里,他已经在这里工作了一年。他正在等待一位年轻的企业家开始展示他们为什么应该被 Google 收购。
The young entrepreneur looks nervous as he launches in. I'm here to tell you about a new app that's aimed at a younger demographic. It'll revolutionize the terrain.
Sistram can't do this anymore. It's time to try something else. He resigns from his secure steady job at Google and takes a role at the startup Next Stop.
Sistram 觉得不能再继续这样了。是尝试其他事情的时候了。他辞去了在 Google 的稳定工作,并加入了初创公司 Next Stop。
Sure, it's a risk. But he's seen enough to know that if you can tap into what people really want, the rewards can be huge.
当然,这是有风险的。但是他见过足够的案例,知道如果你能挖掘出人们真正想要的东西,奖励也会非常巨大。
Sistram is making a radical change in his life just as the ground is shifting dramatically in the tech world. A new product is about to hit the market that will launch a frenzied gold rush among developers, and eventually, it will rock Zhang's and Sistram's world.
This is a day I've been looking forward to for two and a half years. June 29, 2007, a dark auditorium. Steve Jobs stands on stage in jeans and his customary black turtleneck in front of a huge screen glowing with the iconic black Apple logo. The room is packed with awestruck followers, cameras are flashing, Jobs signals he's about to begin and the room goes quiet. They wait for the tech oracle to speak.
Every once in a while a revolutionary product comes along that changes everything. Jobs paces along the stage. He chooses his words carefully but there's an energy in his voice hinting that he's going to play with the audience a bit. An iPod, a phone and an internet communicator, an iPod, a phone. Are you getting it? These are not three separate devices. This is one device and we are calling it iPhone. The crowd goes wild. People punch the air with their fists. Jobs soaks it all in, striding the stage triumphantly. Apple's iPhone changes everything.
Before the iPhone there was the bulky blackberry with button keys that business people kept holstered on their hips, a symbol of success. The sleek iPhone is for everyone, email and the internet are readily available. The iPhone elegantly rolls a camera and iPod and a laptop into one device. But the iPhone can also download apps made by other developers, not just Apple. And in 2008 iPhone owners start downloading apps with capabilities that range from frivolous to indispensable. They can make their phone recreate the Star Wars lightsaber noise, play crash bandicoot or read the news. This app in Vita-tational allows Apple to create a cottage industry of app developers. They're all trying to get rich off the next big app.
And Sister Man Zhang are no exception. By 2009 Sister Man is spending his weekends hunkered down in cafes trying to learn how to code mobile apps. None of them take off. He makes an app called Dished for people to rate meals at restaurants. Then, he hits upon a new idea. It's called Urban. The name stems from Sister Man's love of the finer things in life like Top Shelf Kentucky Whiskey. Users post their whereabouts at bars, restaurants and clubs with friends. Whoever posts the most wins prizes. Each update has a photo. But the technology is clunky. The technology might be cumbersome now, but those photos are going to be key to bourbon's future. That is, if system can stay afloat long enough for these pixels to change the world.
Meet Jill Evans. Jill's got it all, a big house, fast car, two kids and a great career, but Jill has a problem. When it comes to love Jill can never seem to get things right. And then along comes Dean. I can't believe my look. Whoa, I hit the jackpot. It looks like they're going to live happily ever after. But on Halloween night things get a little gruesome. This is where the shooting happened outside a building society in New Romney. It's thought the 42 year old victim was killed after he opened fire on police. Jill's life is changed forever. From Wondery and Novel comes stolen hearts. A story about a cop who falls in love with a man who is not all he seems to be. Follow stolen hearts wherever you get your podcasts. You could binge the entire series, ad free, on Amazon Music. Download the Amazon Music app now.
Spring 2010. Sistrum is sipping a cappuccino in a San Francisco coffee shop. He keeps glancing at the door. He's waiting for Steve Anderson, an influential venture capitalist. A casualy dressed man with strawberry blonde hair and an athletic build walks in. Sistrum waves him over and Anderson takes a seat. Kevin, good to see you again. Thanks for taking the time. So tell me about your project. Sistrum starts talking up bourbon. Anderson waits patiently for the number he knows is coming.
I need 50,000 to get off the ground. Anderson pauses to consider. Sistrum's iPhone is lying on the table and he notices it keeps buzzing with notifications. What are all these updates you're getting? Someone looking for you?
I'm pretty sure it's people joining bourbon. Sistrum quickly scrolls. Yep, a whole lot of people just signed up. That's too good. Did you plan that to impress me? I wouldn't do that. This is real growth.
Well, clearly you have something here. But I'm concerned you're solo and that's a risk. You don't have anyone to challenge you to bounce ideas around with. I'm interested, but to be honest, I think you need a co-founder. It's an astute request. After all, the best startups have co-founders, Bill Gates and Paul Allen, Larry Page and Sergey Brand, Bill Hewlett and Dave Packard, Sistrum nods.
Sure, I can find that person. With Sistrum's promise, Anderson writes him a check for $50,000. Then a Google colleague introduces Sistrum to Mark Andreessen, who writes him a much bigger check for a quarter of a million dollars. Now, Sistrum just needs to make good on his promise to find a co-founder. He asks around and eventually lands on a name.
Mike Krieger. Krieger's also a Stanford alum who's already using bourbon. He has a master's in symbolic systems, a program focused on how people interact with computers.. The two run into each other regularly on the weekend at cafes, each toiling away at their respective apps.
Mike Krieger也是斯坦福毕业生,已经开始享用波旁威士忌了。他获得了符号系统方向的硕士学位,这个项目专注于人与计算机的交互。两人经常在周末的咖啡馆里遇见彼此,各自忙着开发自己的应用程序。
Sistrum calls him up. Mike, you don't have been telling you about bourbon? Well, I've gotten funding $300,000 to work with. I'm turning bourbon into a real company. Wow. Congrats, man. Yeah, but I can't do it alone. I need help with the tech and with the company's whole vision. So I have a big question for you. How'd you like to be a co-founder? Krieger wants to build something new and cool for mobile devices. Plus, he likes Sistrum. It's simple as that.
Kelt me in. Together, these two are going to develop one of the biggest apps in the world. But they're not the only ones hoping to spend their bright idea in coding know-how into social media go.
It's 2007 in Beijing, China. Zhang Eming should be on his lunch break, but he's coding at his desk. Zhang works for Cuxin, a travel startup that's like the Chinese version of Expedia. Zhang recently graduated from university with a software engineering degree. Cuxin is his first job, and he's hungry to learn. He's pushing to sit in on all sorts of meetings and to tag along with the sales director.
But today, Zhang is trying to solve a simple problem. He wants to book an in-demand train ticket, but he doesn't want to have to wait in line in person. Online they sell out as soon as they become available. The only way to know when they're on sale is to check repeatedly in real time. There's got to be a better way, Zhang thinks. So he writes a program to notify him when the train ticket he wants goes on sale. He finishes up the last few lines of code and heads out to grab a quick bite. Then he gets a message.
New tickets are available. He quickly goes online and buys them. After work, he drops by the station to pick them up. That was easy.
新票已经可以买了。他很快上网买了一张。下班后,他到车站取票。这太容易了。
As he walks home from the station that night, he passes a construction site for a new housing development. There's a slogan plastered on the side. It reads, small place, big dream. It sticks with him. Zhang is from the middle of nowhere in China, but he believes in the American dream. And he thinks he can achieve it by using technology to improve people's lives.
In 2009, he found a real estate search website called 99 Fang, which translates to 99 rooms. But he notices that all the users are migrating from their computers to smartphones. Clearly, mobile technology is the future.
But lots of coders already know that. The question is, how to get out in front of this? Zhang wants to use artificial intelligence to figure out what people want on social media. If he can execute that simple sounding concept, he can serve up a constant flow of sugary morsels that will leave users hungry for more. And when that happens, the craving will be both addictive and lucrative. Very, very lucrative.
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From Wondery. This is episode two of TikTok vs Instagram for Business Wars. A quick note about the recreations you've been hearing in most cases we can't know exactly what was said at the time those scenes are dramatizations, but they're based on historical research.
这里是Wondery,《商业战争:TikTok vs Instagram》第二集。关于你们听到的复现,我需要说明的是,大多数情况下我们无法确切知道当时说了什么,这些场景是根据历史研究创作的戏剧化再现。
I'm your host David Brown. Natalie Roba-Met wrote this story. Karen Low is our senior producer and editor. Edited and produced by Emily Frost. Sound designed by Kyle Randall. Kate Young is our associate producer. Our executive producers are Jenny Lauer Beckman and Marshall Louis. And by Ernon Low-Pans, for Wondery.