Tesla vs Detroit | Accelerate Faster | 1
发布时间 2022-04-06 07:01:00 来源
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It's November 2008 at an upscaled stay-couse in Beverly Hills, California. Elon Musk is in trouble. He's meeting with his trusted confidante and investor, Jason Callacanis.
现在是2008年11月，我们在加利福尼亚州贝弗利山庄一个高档的住宿区。埃隆·马斯克有麻烦了，他正在会见他值得信任的密友和投资人杰森·卡拉肯尼斯。
How you doing, Elon? I've been better, Jason. Musk's trifecta of companies is in catastrophic financial crisis, SpaceX, Solar City, and his five-year-old electric car startup Tesla are close to going under.
埃隆，你好吗？杰森，我状态不太好。马斯克拥有的三家公司：太空探索技术公司、太阳城市和五年前成立的电动汽车初创企业特斯拉，都处在灾难性的财务危机中，它们都有可能破产。
To keep his empire alive, Musk burned through investor funds and virtually every penny of the millions he made from selling PayPal. It's bad. Very bad. But it turns out things could get worse. The housing market tanked a few months ago, and the country is in a major recession.
为了维持他的帝国，马斯克花光了投资者的资金，几乎用掉了他从出售PayPal赚取的所有百万美元。这很糟糕。非常糟糕。但事实证明情况可能会变得更糟。几个月前，房地产市场崩溃了，整个国家都陷入了严重的衰退。
As Callacanis reaches for a breadstick, he cuts to the chase. I read somewhere that Tesla has about a month of funding left. Is that true? Musk slowly shakes his head. No Jason, that's not true. Not true at all.
卡拉卡尼斯够着一根面包棒，迅速切入正题。我在某个地方读到特斯拉只剩下一个月的资金了，是真的吗？马斯克慢慢摇了摇头。不是真的，杰森。一点也不真。
Callacanis smiles, looking relieved. Musk locks eyes with him. It's more like three weeks. Callacanis grimaces. I'll be honest, I'm living off of loans from friends. I'm writing personal checks to cover payroll. I'm barely sleeping. If I'm going to make this work, I've got to speed up the production of the Roadster.
卡拉卡尼斯微笑着，看起来松了口气。马斯克和他对视着。"其实有三个星期了。" 卡拉卡尼斯皱着眉头说道："老实说，我目前只能靠朋友提供的贷款生活。我正在写个人支票来支付薪资。我几乎睡不着觉。如果我要让这件事成功，我必须加快 Roadster 的生产速度。"
The sleek, wicked, fast EV Roadster debuted in 2006 with a limited run of 100, which sold out in less than three weeks. Respectable, but far from profitable. Musk is ignoring his stake. He's getting fired up. But I'm also getting serious **** about the price tag, Jason. OK, the car's 109,000, but developing new technology is expensive. When we can produce the car in volume, I know the price is going to come down.
那款造型时尚、速度极快的坏坏小电动跑车EV Roadster于2006年首次亮相，限量100辆，不到三周即售罄。虽算可观，但利润微薄。马斯克不在意自己的份额，而是备受激励。但我对价格感到非常担心，杰森。好吧，这款车售价109,000美元，但新技术的研发成本很高。当我们能够批量生产时，我知道价格会下降。
I get it. What about the Model S? How's that going? Musk's face suddenly brightens. Glad you asked.
我明白了。那Model S怎么样啊？它的情况如何呢？马斯克的脸突然放亮了。太好了你问了这个问题。
Check this out. Musk pulls out his blackberry and shows Callacanis a series of mockups of a new EV. He's impressed. It's a sleek, fast-backed sedan. We can manufacture this for $60,000. Maybe even just $50,000. This is our flagship model and it'll scare the **** out of Detroit.
看看这个。马斯克从他的黑莓上拉出一系列新电动汽车的草图，向卡拉卡尼斯展示。卡拉卡尼斯印象深刻。这款新车是一款优雅、快速的轿车。我们可以以$60,000的价格制造它，甚至可能仅需要$50,000。这是我们的旗舰车型，它会把底特律吓个半死。
Classic Elan, Callacanis, things. This guy always has a new, seemingly impossible vision. And his approach is, succeed or die trying. Tell you what, Elan, you pick up the tab tonight and I'll buy two of the Model S's. Like so many, he's buying into Musk's dream.
这个家伙总是拥有新的、看起来不可能的愿景，而他的方法是，要么成功，要么死而后已。听我说，Elan，今晚你付账，我就买两辆Model S。就像许多人一样，他正在跟随马斯克的梦想。
And Musk dreams big. He wants to save the Earth. He wants to colonize Mars. But at this particular moment, he's targeting Detroit. It's a powerful, century-old auto industry built on gas-fueled internal combustion engines. While Musk sees Detroit as the walking dead, Detroit views Musk as a rich hobbyist who could easily be crushed if he actually posed a threat.
马斯克有个大梦想，他想拯救地球，他也想要在火星上建立殖民地。但此时此刻，他的目标是底特律。这里有一个百年历史的汽车工业，它建立在内燃机的燃油之上。马斯克认为底特律已经凋零，而底特律则认为马斯克只是一个富有的业余爱好者，如果他真的成为威胁，轻易就会被击败。
This will be a battle of speed versus heft. And they have both grossly underestimated each other.
"这将是一场速度和重量的比拼。他们两个都大大低估了对方。"
Hi, I'm Sarah Haggi, co-host of Wonder East podcast scamphalancers. In our recent two-part series, Three Weddings and a Funeral, we dive into the story of a German con man who built an entire life on fake names, lies and schemes. And the unlikely true-kind twist that brought this decades-long charade crashing down. Listen to scamphalancers on Amazon Music or wherever you get your podcasts.
嗨，我是Sarah Haggi，Wonder East播客scamphalancers的联合主持人。在我们最近的“三个婚礼和一场葬礼”的两集节目中，我们深入剖析了一个德国骗子的故事，他用虚假身份、谎言和阴谋建立了整个生活。还有一个不可思议的真实转折，让这场长达数十年的骗局瞬间崩塌。请在Amazon Music或任何您获取播客的地方收听scamphalancers。
Some wonder, I'm David Brown and this is Business Wars.
一些人会想，我是David Brown，这里是商业战争节目。
In the 1990s, the government leaned on automakers to make low-emission vehicles. Ford, Chrysler, Honda, General Motors, Nissan and Toyota all introduced electric vehicles. But what they delivered and what consumers wanted were two different things. Consumers wanted an electric car with the feel, look, and roar of gas-guzzling trucks in SUVs. But the sharply scaled-back, odd-looking offerings left consumers cold.
在1990年代，政府向汽车制造商施加压力，要求生产低排放车辆。福特、克莱斯勒、本田、通用汽车、日产和丰田都推出了电动汽车。但他们生产的车辆和消费者想要的车辆有很大不同。消费者想要一辆有着和大型越野车一样感觉、外观和咆哮声的电动汽车。但这些大幅降低了规格、外观奇怪的车型让消费者感到失望。
So Detroit came to an inevitable conclusion. Why build cars that people won't buy when what they're already making is so profitable? In 2002, Elon Musk's Tesla Motors arrived on the scene to challenge that premise, with environmentally friendly, affordable, high-performance cars that people actually want.
所以底特律最终得出了一个不可避免的结论。为什么要生产人们不想购买的汽车，而已经生产的汽车却能带来如此的利润呢？2002年，伊隆·马斯克的特斯拉汽车进入市场，挑战了这个前提，他们生产环保、价格合理、高性能的汽车，而且人们真的想买。
Motors' cities smirked as Musk piloted Tesla through crushing financial crises, spectacular quality control disasters, and his own shocking public displays of bad behavior. But eventually, he got some things right, and in the process, Musk didn't just disrupt the industry. He redefined it.
马斯克在特斯拉经历了严重的财务危机、质量控制灾难和他自己令人震惊的不良行为公开展示之后，汽车工业的城市都嘲笑着。但最终，他做对了一些事情，在这个过程中，马斯克不仅仅打破了这个行业的常规，他重新定义了它。
So much so, that virtually every carmaker is trying to wedge to the front of the EV pack. By 2026, the global sales of EVs are projected to be over a trillion dollars, and with the purse that fat, everyone is pressing the pedal to the metal for pole position.
如此之多，以至于几乎每个汽车制造商都在试图挤进电动汽车领域的前列。 到2026年，电动汽车的全球销售预计将超过一万亿美元，鞍袋丰满，每个人都在努力争取极端位置。
But before all this comes to pass, before Elon Musk is even on the scene, there are just two engineering nerds noodling with the idea of improving electric vehicles.
在所有这些事情发生之前，在埃隆·马斯克甚至出现之前，只有两个工程傻瓜在琢磨着改进电动车的想法。
This is Episode 1. Accelerate. Faster.
这是第一集，加速。更快一点。
It's a lovely spring afternoon in early 2003 in Woodside, a small community in the heart of Silicon Valley, California. Martin Eberhardt and Mark Tarpening are computer engineers and business partners. They like to meet for lunch in a bucolic local park to dream about their future.
在2003年早春的加利福尼亚硅谷中心的小社区伍德赛德，这是一个美好的春日午后。马丁·艾伯哈特和马克·塔彭宁是计算机工程师和商业伙伴。他们喜欢在乡村风景如画的当地公园里共进午餐，为他们的未来梦想做规划。
So what's next on the agenda? Don't laugh, but I think we should do something big that'll make a difference to the planet. Sure, what about something manageable like, I don't know, global warming? Eberhardt smiles. These guys are friends with the history of success.
接下来议程有什么安排？别笑，但我认为我们应该做一些对地球有巨大影响的事情。当然，像全球变暖这样的可管理的事情怎么样？埃伯哈特笑了。这些人是成功历史的朋友。
Back in 1997, they created a groundbreaking electronic book reader that made them rich, a rocket book. They're well versed in cutting edge consumer electronics. I'm thinking an electric sports car, super efficient but seductive. Yeah, and that's something Detroit will never do. GM did actually make an electric vehicle, the two-seater EV1, but it was unprofitable, embarrassing and short-lived. Eventually, GM hauled them all back and turned them into scrap.
1997年，他们发明了一种开创性的电子书阅读器 - 火箭书，从而获得了财富，他们对于前沿的消费电子产品非常熟悉。我在考虑一个电动跑车，既超级高效又诱人。是啊，底特律永远也做不了这样的车。通用汽车确实制造了一辆电动汽车，叫作双座EV1，但它不盈利，令人尴尬，而且寿命短暂。最终，通用汽车把它们全部收回，并将它们变成了废铁。
You know, I once drove an EV1. It looked like some mutant machine from Mars. The battery pack must weigh a ton and was wedged between the two seats. Only went 75 miles without needing a charge. It's a pretty tough sell for people used to getting 200 or 300 miles on a tank of gas. But it was powerful, right? I'll give it that, zero to 60 in 8 seconds. You'd probably get it down too. I bet there's a market for an EV sports car that's really fast and has a long travel range.
你知道吗，我曾经驾驶过一辆EV1。它看起来像来自火星的畸形机器。电池组重得像一吨，夹在两个座位之间。只能行驶75英里就需要充电。对于习惯了一箱汽油能行驶200或300英里的人来说，它很难被接受。但是它很强大，对吧？我得承认这一点，从零加速到60英里只需要8秒。你也可能做到。我敢打赌，市场上一定会有一款速度非常快且续航里程长的电动跑车。
Yeah, look at the Prius. It's certainly not a sports car and you're not cheap, but it's really catching on. The things great with fuel economy and you know who buys them right, people with money. But what if we take that one step further? You know, instead of a hybrid like the Prius, we build a lightweight, pure EV. We could probably do that using lithium ion batteries and you know, make it sexy. They exchange an aha look as the gears and their heads start spinning.
啊，看看普锐斯。它显然不是一辆跑车，而你也不便宜，但它真的很流行。它在燃油经济性方面表现出色，你知道谁会购买它吗，有钱人。但如果我们再进一步呢？你知道，我们不用像普锐斯那样用混合动力，而是建造一个轻量级、纯电动车。我们可能可以使用锂离子电池来实现，并且让它更性感。他们互相看了一眼，头脑开始转动。
Just weeks later, on July 1, 2003, they incorporate their new electric car company. They come up with a name they think sounds cool borrowed from a brilliant, long dead Serbian American inventor. Tesla. Ever hard and tarpening push full tilt to create their electric car. But as they would discover, Detroit automakers had some good reasons to avoid EVs.
只过了几个星期，于2003年7月1日，他们成立了自己的新电动汽车公司。他们想出了一个他们认为听起来很酷的名字，借用了一个已故的塞尔维亚裔美国发明家的名字。特斯拉。他们全力以赴，不断努力地推进他们的电动汽车项目。但正如他们会发现的那样，底特律汽车制造商有一些充分的理由避免使用电动汽车。
The cost of electric batteries alone could raise the sticker price by tens of thousands of dollars pushing them out of reach for lots of customers. And Detroit has one seemingly insurmountable advantage. As far back as the 1920s, the oil industry ensured the Model T's rolling off the assembly line had mile after mile of filling stations on American roads. EV charging stations are as rare as unicorns in the United States.
仅仅是电池的成本就可能使汽车的标价增加数万美元，导致许多顾客无法负担。底特律有一个看起来不可逾越的优势。早在1920年代，石油行业就确保了T型车下线后在美国公路上有无数的加油站。然而，在美国，电动汽车充电站却像独角兽一样稀有。
It seemed like an impossible equation to solve, making an EV with lightweight batteries that would have the driving range of a gas powered vehicle at roughly the same price. After ever hard and tarpening established Tesla Motors, they immediately hit their first wall. They know next to nothing about the car industry and they don't have a factory. Hell they've never even built a car.
这看起来是一个不可能解决的等式，制造一个具有与汽油车相同的行驶里程，价格大致相同且拥有轻量级电池的电动汽车。经过了艰苦、磨砺，特斯拉汽车终于建立起来了，但第一个难关就接踵而来。他们对于汽车行业一窍不通，而且没有工厂。他们甚至从未造过一辆汽车。
Not knowing what they don't know, however, these two Silicon Valley nerds go off road and come up with a whole new paradigm. One that turns the Detroit approach on its head. After all, who needs a factory when you can outsource everything? They'll hire the small, nearly defunct California Bay electric car company AC propulsion to build the motor. They'll contract the UK car maker Lotus to assemble the sports car and drop in the engine.
然而，这两个硅谷的书呆子不知道他们不知道什么，他们走了一条不同的路线，创造了一个全新的范例。这个范例将底特律的方法完全颠覆了。毕竟，你需要工厂吗？你可以将所有事情都外包！他们将雇佣几乎破产的加利福尼亚湾电动汽车公司 AC propulsion 来制造发动机。他们将与英国汽车制造商 Lotus 签订合同，组装跑车并安装引擎。
As for dealership franchises, that's so Detroit. An unnecessary expense. No, Tesla will sell their vehicles directly through the internet. Now, all Tesla Motors needs is money. Mulling through possible investors. The name Elon Musk comes up.
对于经销商特许经营权来说，那是底特律的老旧观念。不必要的开支。不，特斯拉将通过互联网直接销售其汽车。现在，特斯拉只需要钱。在寻找可能的投资者中。艾隆·马斯克这个名字浮出水面。
Musk has money. In 2002, he made $165 million from the sale of PayPal to eBay. And a few years ago, at Stanford, Abberhardt and Tarpening watched Musk lecture enthusiastically about sending mice to Mars. They figure Musk is just eccentric enough to be a definite maybe.
马斯克有很多钱。2002年通过PayPal出售给eBay，他赚了1.65亿美元。几年前，阿伯哈特和塔彭宁在斯坦福听了马斯克兴致勃勃地讲述将老鼠送到火星的演讲。他们认为马斯克可能非常古怪，但也可能成真。
In March 2004, at SpaceX headquarters in El Segundo, California, Martin Eberhardt is led to a glass meeting room. Come on in. Eberhardt shakes hands with Musk and sits back on a small couch next to a shell filled with airplane models. Musk is dressed casually and unshaven. So Martin, a successful electric sports car needs to appeal to smart, influential people who care about the environment. That's where you start.
在2004年三月，马丁·埃伯哈特在SpaceX的加利福尼亚州El Segundo总部被引领进入了一个玻璃会议室。进来吧。埃伯哈特与马斯克握手，坐在一个放满飞机模型的壳体旁边的小沙发上。马斯克穿着休闲，留着胡子。所以，马丁，一款成功的电动运动汽车需要吸引关注环保的聪明、有影响力的人。这就是你的起点。
Manufacturing cell and small numbers create a buzz, and then you make a car for the mainstream buyers. Eberhardt is taken aback for a moment. It's like Musk has been a worm in his brain. See, Detroit has it backwards. They're giving up on EVs. They're dedicated to internal combustion, f***ing 19th century technology. They don't get the future.
制造单元和少量生产引起了轰动，然后你就可以为主流买家制造汽车了。埃伯哈特一时惊讶不已。就像马斯克已经是他脑海中的一条虫子一样。你看，底特律已经弄错了。他们放弃了电动汽车，致力于内燃机，该死的十九世纪技术。他们没有看到未来。
I couldn't agree more, Elon. What do you need to make it happen?
我完全同意，伊隆。你需要什么才能实现它呢？
Eberhardt takes a deep breath and runs through his pitch to create the vehicle they're calling the Roadster. It'll be the coolest high-performance sports car in the world. Design-wise, it'll be the polar opposite of the EV1. And it will save the world.
艾伯哈特深呼吸后开始讲述他的构想，创造一款被称为 Roadster 的车辆。它将会成为世界上最酷的高性能运动车。从设计上来看，它将与 EV1 完全不同。而且它将拯救世界。
Musk listens intently. He's waiting for the ask. So we're going to need 25 million until we break even in 2006, Elon. But right now, we need $7 million to make the prototype.
马斯克认真地倾听着，他在等待具体的要求。所以，埃隆，在我们能在2006年收支平衡之前，我们需要2,500万美元，但现在我们需要700万美元来制作原型。
They work on the project for nearly three hours. Musk is clearly excited by the idea. But Eberhardt still hasn't gotten an answer. Is Musk investing or not? Finally, Musk leans toward Eberhardt.
他们花了近三个小时在项目上工作。马斯克显然对这个想法感到兴奋。但是埃伯哈特仍然没有得到答案。马斯克最终向埃伯哈特倾斜。他会投资还是不会呢？
I'm in Martin. I'll put up six and a half million, and I'll be chairman of the board. Part of the deal. I don't see any problem with that. Uh, one more thing. We need to close this deal in ten days. My wife's having a C-section. Twins. I got to focus on that.
我在马丁哩。我愿出六百五十万，并担任董事长，这是协议的一部分。我认为这没有问题。还有一件事，我们需要在十天内成交。我的太太即将进行剖腹产，生出双胞胎。我需要全身心地关注这件事。
Eberhardt leaves the room speechless. Until today, every time he shared his dream with someone, he'd been met with deep skepticism. Now, he's found a believer, one who's willing to put skin in the game.
艾伯哈特离开房间时无语了。直到今天，每次他和别人分享他的梦想时，都会遇到深深的怀疑。现在，他找到了一个相信他的人，一个愿意冒险的人。
Laurie Yoller is a Tesla Motors board member and a good friend of Eberhardt. She's well connected to Silicon Valley's venture capital investors. But she hasn't had much success selling them on the electric car.
劳瑞·约勒是特斯拉汽车公司的董事会成员，也是埃伯哈特的好朋友。她与硅谷风险投资家关系亲密，但她并没有成功说服他们购买电动汽车。
Yoller is driving home in Silicon Valley. She glances at her phone. Eberhardt says it's Eberhardt. What's up, Martin? Great news, Laurie. Elon Musk is on board for six and a half mil, and he's the new CEO.
Yoller在硅谷驾车回家。她看了一眼手机。Eberhardt在打电话。马丁，怎么了？好消息，劳瑞。伊隆-马斯克加入了，担任新的CEO，花了六百五十万。
Yoller is momentarily stunned. Wow. That's terrific. But Elon Musk, Mr. SpaceX?
Yoller 瞬间惊呆了。哇，真是太棒了。但是，埃隆·马斯克先生，太空探索技术公司的CEO吗？
Exactly. Hey, what's the problem?
嘿，有什么问题吗？
Look, I've heard Musk can be tough to deal with. He's smart and ambitious as hell, sure, but he's stubborn. And let's just say he's got an ego on him.
听着，我听说马斯克可能很难处理。确实，他很聪明和雄心勃勃，但他很固执。而且，我们只能说他很有自我意识。
He's also got a fat wallet, and he seems to really understand what Tesla's all about.
他的钱包也很丰厚，他似乎真正理解Tesla的全部意义。
Okay, but FYI, from what I know, the board at PayPal gave him the boot because he fought with co-founders and wanted to micromanage everything.
好的，但是据我所知，PayPal的董事会开除了他，因为他和联合创始人发生了争执，并想过于控制一切。
I hear you, but trust me, Laurie, actually, now don't trust me. Call him yourself. See what you think.
我听你说的，但相信我，Laurie，现在别相信我。你自己给他打电话，看看你的想法如何。
A few days later, Yoller connects with Musk. To her surprise, she agrees with Eberhard's assessment. Musk convinces her all he wants to be is a wealthy board member of Tesla Motors. The deal closes.
几天后，尤勒与马斯克取得联系。让她惊讶的是，她同意埃伯哈德的评估。马斯克说服她，他只想成为特斯拉汽车的一个富有的董事会成员。这笔交易成功完成。
When the tiny Tesla Group gathers to toast Musk's angel funding, they're on top of the world. They have an independent company on a noble mission. They answer to no one.
当微小的特斯拉团队聚在一起为马斯克的天使投资干杯时，他们感觉自己站在世界之巅。他们拥有一家追求崇高使命的独立公司，不受任何人的管辖。
But Eberhardt and company are in for a shock.
但是艾伯哈特和他的公司将会受到震惊。
Meet Jill Evans. Jill's got it all. A big house, fast car, two kids in a great career. But Jill has a problem. When it comes to love, Jill can never seem to get things right. And then along comes Dean.
遇见吉尔·埃文斯。吉尔有一切。大房子、快车，两个孩子有着很好的职业。但是吉尔有一个问题。在爱情方面，吉尔似乎总是做不对。然后迪恩出现了。
I can't believe my luck. Whoa, I hit the jackpot.
我简直不敢相信我的运气。哇，我赚到大奖了。
It looks like they're going to live happily ever after. But on Halloween night, things get a little gruesome.
看起来他们会有一个幸福美满的结局。但在万圣节晚上，事情变得有点可怕。
This is where the shooting happened outside a building society in New Romney. It's thought the 42-year-old victim was killed after he opened fire on police.
这就是在新罗曼尼一个建筑协会外发生枪击事件的地方。据悉，这位42岁的受害者是在向警察开火后被杀害的。
And Jill's life is changed forever.
并且，吉尔的生活永远改变了。
From Wondery and Novel comes Stolen Hearts. A story about a cop who falls in love with a man who is not all he seems to be.
来自Wondery和Novel出品的《夺心》（Stolen Hearts）。这是一个关于警察爱上了一个并不像表面上那样的男人的故事。
No Stolen Hearts, wherever you get your podcasts. You could binge the entire series, add-free, on Amazon Music. Download the Amazon Music app now.
不管你在哪里聆听，都不要盗用这些心灵。你可以在亚马逊音乐上畅听整部剧集，无广告打扰。现在就下载亚马逊音乐应用程序。
It is the 4th of July 2005 in Woodside, California.
今天是2005年7月4日，在加州伍德赛德。
Hey, everybody, listen up. Fantastic work people.
大家，听我说。大家的工作真棒啊。
Just weeks ago, the team completed the prototype. This took a test drive and was so pleased he invested an additional $9 million.
就在几周前，团队完成了原型。进行了试车后，他非常满意，又投资了900万美元。
But Mark Torpening can't stop thinking about a problem.
但是马克·托本宁无法停止思考一个问题。
He puts down his sparkler and clears his throat. Look, I don't want to put a damper on things, but we know that the lithium-ion batteries are the power answer, but we also need to face the fact that when you string them together, a random bad cell could ignite.
他放下手中的烟花棒，清了清嗓子。你们听着，我并不想让大家心情低落，但我们必须面对这样一种事实：锂离子电池是电力的解决方案，但当你们把它们串联在一起时，如果有一个坏电池，那么可能会引发点燃的事故。
Right Mark, but look, the odds are like, what, one in a million. Tell you what. Let's tape some batteries together with a heating wire and see what happens. Right now, it's a perfect day to explode things, right?
没错，不过你看，这种可能性就像一百万分之一。你听我说，我们可以用加热线把一些电池粘在一起，看看会发生什么。现在正是爆炸的好日子，是吧？
And it's later, they've got 20 batteries in a small pit in the yard. The party mood sobers up quickly as the experiment sinks in.
后来他们在院子的一个小坑里找到了20个电池，这个实验想法让派对气氛迅速沉静下来。
Torpening stares at the toxic fire and swallows hard. That was 20 batteries. The roadster will have 7,000. This could obliterate the company.
托彭尼盯着有毒的火焰，吞了口口水。那里面装着20节电池，可是路跑车需要7000节。这可能会毁掉公司。
I told Elon we'd have the car ready for buyers by early next year. How's that even possible?
我告诉伊隆，我们会在明年初为买家准备好汽车。这怎么可能呢？
The implications are clear. If they can't solve the deadly battery issue, they might as well call Tesla quits and leave the field to Detroit.
这个意思很明显。如果他们不能解决致命电池问题，他们最好放弃特斯拉，把这个领域留给底特律。
In the search for a solution, Tesla engineers blow up a lot of batteries. But in the process, they break technological ground by creating a cooling system and a way to avoid even a single battery cell from overheating.
在寻求解决方案的过程中，特斯拉的工程师炸毁了许多电池。但在这个过程中，他们通过创建一个冷却系统和一种避免任何单个电池过热的方法，打破了技术上的新闻。
Musk takes the wheel from here. With the bravado of a professional wrestler, he's bragging on the upcoming roadster teasing its debut.
马斯克从这里接管了车轮。他就像一名职业摔跤手一样豪气地炫耀着即将亮相的跑车，让人们期待不已。
The General Motors Vice Chairman of Product Development Bob Lutz sees him as a loud mouth huckster. This is a shrewd veteran executive who has worked for Ford Chrysler and now GM. He knows hucksters, and he has little patience for all this hype around Musk.
通用汽车副总裁兼产品开发负责人鲍勃·卢茨认为他是一个好吹牛的推销员。他是一位经验丰富的退休高管，曾在福特、克莱斯勒和现在的通用汽车工作过。他知道推销员，对于围绕马斯克的所有炒作，他没什么耐心。
It's December 2005 in Detroit. Lutz sits in his spacious office at GM corporate headquarters, puffing on an expensive cigar, scowling through the clouds of smoke. His monstrous V16 engine mounted behind him on a pedestal like a trophy head. His top staffer sits across from him, squinting through the haze, waiting for the boss to speak.
现在是2005年12月，在底特律。卢茨坐在通用汽车公司总部宽敞的办公室里，抽着一支昂贵的雪茄，透过烟雾皱着眉头。他那庞大的V16发动机像一个奖杯头一样，安装在他身后的底座上。他的高级员工坐在他的对面，透过烟雾眯着眼，等待老板发言。
Lutz is a former Marine, and he commands respect. We made a mistake with the EV1, and that failure cost the company nearly a billion dollars. Yeah, talk about bad press. Antoyota is rubbing salt in our wounds with that damp Prius. We're getting worships for being environmentally conscious while we churn out gas sucking trucks the size of tanks.
露茨是一名退役海军陆战队员，他备受尊敬。我们在EV1上犯了一个错误，导致公司损失近十亿美元。是的，谈论糟糕的新闻吧。安丰田正在用那辆湿漉漉的普锐斯给我们撒盐。我们因推出像坦克大小的耗油卡车而被认为是环保意识高的公司。
Lutz can't bring himself to say it. But GM lost 8.6 billion this year while Toyota, bullied by Prius, made 9 billion in profits. He tosses a newspaper across the desk. Look at this headline. Apparently the climate is out to kill us all. We both know this global warming thing is a bunch of BS, but the public is interested in this whole green push. GM needs to be viewed as part of that. You think we need to compete with Toyota on the hybrid front? Yeah, we need a Prius fighter.
路兹无法说出来。但通用公司今年亏损了86亿美元，而被普锐斯欺凌的丰田却获得了90亿美元的利润。他将一份报纸扔到桌子上。你看这个标题。显然气候要杀死我们所有人。我们都知道全球变暖是一堆胡说八道，但公众对绿色推动非常感兴趣。通用公司需要被视为其中的一部分。你认为我们需要在混合动力车领域与丰田竞争吗？是的，我们需要一个普锐斯的对手。
But I'm also hearing a lot about Tesla's electric engines using lithium ion batteries, laptop batteries for crying out loud. Tesla, come on. They haven't even debuted a car yet, Bob. We're GM, they're a blip on our radar.
但我也听到了很多有关特斯拉电动发动机使用锂离子电池，甚至是笔记本电池的事情。特斯拉啊，他们甚至还没有推出一辆车呢，Bob。我们是通用汽车公司，而他们只是我们雷达上的一个小点。
Maybe a blip now. But what if Tesla can make an effective, efficient battery? We'll need an answer to that. EVs aren't going to just disappear and we can't make the same mistake twice.
也许现在只是一个小插曲。但如果特斯拉能够制造出一种有效高效的电池呢？我们需要对此有一个答案。电动汽车不会只是消失，我们不能再犯同样的错误。
It's July of 2006 at a star-studded event in a hangar at the Santa Monica Airport. Tesla's debuting two red and black roadsters. Among the 350 guests handpicked by Musk, our governor Arnold Schwarzenegger, Disney's CEO Michael Eisner, and environmentalist and actor Ed Beggley Jr.
在2006年7月，特斯拉在圣塔莫尼卡机场的一个飞行员大厅举办了一场星光熠熠的盛会，首次亮相了两款红黑色的跑车。这350位由马斯克亲自挑选的嘉宾中，包括我们的州长阿诺德·施瓦辛格、迪士尼公司的CEO迈克尔·艾斯纳，以及环保主义者和演员埃德·贝格利·朱尼尔。
The guests circle the roadsters admiringly. The vehicle looks as irresistible as any sports car on the road. Guests are invited to take test drives when they hit the accelerator and they're blown away. The roadster zips from 0 to 60 in 4 seconds in silence without a whiff of fumes. It sails around the airport tarmac like some ride from the future.
客人们欣赏着跑车，围着它转圈。这辆车看起来像路上的任何跑车一样令人难以抗拒。当客人踩下油门踏板试驾时，他们被完全征服了。这辆跑车在安静中从0加速至60英里/小时只用4秒钟，没有任何尾气排放，就像未来的一种交通工具，在机场跑道上轻松飘舞。
Musk steps forward and the crowd goes quiet. Until today, all electric cars have sucked. By the end of the night, 20 people plunk down $100,000 each to reserve cars. Three weeks later, the initial limited run of 100 roadsters is sold out based only on press and word of mouth. Among the buyers are George Clooney, Leonardo DiCaprio, Matt Damon and Governor Schwarzenegger.
马斯克走上前，人群安静了下来。直到今天，所有的电动车都很糟糕。当晚结束时，20个人每人交了10万美元的定金去预订车辆。三周后，由于媒体报道和口碑传播，首批限量生产的100辆Roadster已全部售出。买家中包括乔治·克鲁尼、莱昂纳多·迪卡普里奥、马特·达蒙和州长施瓦辛格。
In the coming weeks, the spotlight is increasingly on Everhard. He's featured on TV interviews and highlighted in press coverage. He's eating it up. To commemorate the moment, his wife buys him vanity license plates that read Mr. Tesla. But all that attention includes scrutiny from a very tough audience, Elon Musk.
在接下来的几周里，人们越来越关注Everhard。他在电视采访中受到了关注，并在新闻报道中被强调。他非常享受这一切。为了纪念这一时刻，他的妻子为他买了写着“特斯拉先生”的个性化车牌。但所有这些关注也包括了来自非常严苛的受众群体Elon Musk的审视。
In late summer of 2006, with interest in the roadster growing at full tilt, Musk becomes consumed with what he says are design flaws. He meets with Everhard on the factory floor. Musk slowly circles the prototype like a predator.
在2006年夏末，由于对敞篷跑车的兴趣非常高涨，马斯克开始对车款的设计缺陷感到着迷。他在工厂的车间和埃弗哈特会面。马斯克像捕食者一样缓慢地绕着原型车转圈。
Look, Martin, the cars are hard to climb into. My wife has a very hard time getting in. But she's pregnant, Elon. The door, I know, we need to lower the door frame and the seats are seriously uncomfortable and the door latches. They should be electronic, not push button. Come on, man.
"瞧，马丁，那些车真难上。我的妻子很难上车。可她现在怀孕了，埃隆。我知道，车门需要降低门框，并且座椅确实很不舒服，车门的扣子也应该是电子的，而不是按钮。拜托了，兄弟。"
Everhard takes a deep breath and tries to go into Zen mode. These are good ideas, Elon, but customized seats will cost a million dollars to develop. And so will the latches. Lowering the frame, that's two million dollars there.
埃弗哈德深吸一口气，试图进入禅定模式。这些都是好主意，伊隆，但定制座椅需要花费一百万美元来研发。卡扣的成本同样如此。降低框架，这就是两百万美元的费用。
Musk ignores him. And the dashboard looks cheap. Everhard is at the breaking point. He stares at Musk. Elon, please, this is all low priority stuff. We've only got nine months to put this car into production. And we're still dealing with serious transmission issues and stability problems and I can't believe you don't share my concerns, Martin. Please just get it. Fucking done.
马斯克不理睬他。而且仪表盘看起来很廉价。埃弗哈德到了崩溃的边缘。他盯着马斯克。伊隆，请，这些都是次要的事情。我们只剩下九个月时间把这辆车投入生产。还有我们仍在处理严重的传动问题和稳定性问题，我不敢相信你不分享我的忧虑，马丁。请弄好它。他妈的。
Musk stalks away as Everhard stands dumbfounded. In November, Everhard has news for the Tesla board. Bad news. The original cost of building each Roadster has ballooned from $49,000 to $83,000. Plus, manufacturing will be pushed back from the summer to the fall of 2007.
马斯克气呼呼地走开了，艾弗哈德目瞪口呆。在11月份，艾弗哈德向特斯拉董事会告知了一个坏消息。建造每辆Roadster的原始成本已经从49000美元飙升到了83000美元。此外，制造计划也从原先的夏季推迟到了2007年的秋季。
Despite these setbacks, Musk is already talking up the next Tesla vehicle. The Model S will follow Musk's three-step plan to go from making a pricey high-performance sports car to creating an affordable luxury sedan to a mass-produced mainstream vehicle.
尽管遭遇了这些挫折，马斯克已经开始宣传下一个特斯拉车型了。Model S将按照马斯克的三步计划，从生产昂贵的高性能跑车转向生产价格实惠的豪华轿车，最后生产大众化的主流车辆。
But the Model S is not just a transitional vehicle in the Tesla lineup. Musk knows it has to be a success and that will stoke Tesla's stock. The company needs that because in 2007, Tesla is in survival mode. Musk wants to take the company public in 2008 because it desperately needs a cash infusion from investors. Or the company will bleed out.
但是，Model S不仅是特斯拉车型中的一个过渡性车辆。马斯克知道它必须取得成功，这将提振特斯拉股票。因为在2007年，特斯拉处于生存模式。马斯克想在2008年将公司公开上市，因为公司迫切需要来自投资者的资金注入。否则，公司将失血过多。
The Roadster's price tag is skyrocketed yet again to $140,000. Musk, the lead Tesla investor, blames much of the problem on what he views as Eberhard's inexperience as a CEO. Musk believes Tesla has outgrown him.
Roadster 的价格标签再次飙升至 140,000 美元。作为特斯拉的主要投资者，马斯克将问题的很大一部分归咎于伊伯哈德作为 CEO 的经验不足。马斯克认为特斯拉已经超越了他。
In August, Musk backed by the board, demotes Eberhard to president of technology, meaning he's pushed out to pasture with few significant duties. He's replaced by a series of interim CEOs to oversee the Roadster's debut.
八月份，马斯克得到董事会的支持，将伊贝哈德降职为技术总裁，这意味着他被转移到草原上执行几项不重要的职责。他被一系列代理CEO所取代，以监督Roadster的首次亮相。
In December, Martin Eberhard, the man referred to as the face and conscience of the company, the guy with Mr. Tesla license plates, leaves the business he co-founded. He's wounded and pissed off.
在去年12月份，被视为公司代表和良心的马丁·埃伯哈德，就是那个开着特斯拉车牌的人，离开了他共同创办的公司。他受伤了并且非常生气。
Working relentlessly, the Tesla team tweaks designs and renegotiates supplier contracts, reducing production costs for the Roadster. Finally, after months of blown deadlines, the first one rolls out in February of 2008. With GM's EV1 left for Roadkill, the Roadster is the only highway-capable EV on the market. Reviews are nearing static, heralding a game-changing moment in electric car history.
特斯拉团队不断努力，对设计进行细微调整并重新谈判供应商合同，降低路虎电动跑车的生产成本。历经数月的拖延，终于在2008年2月，第一台路虎电动跑车推出市场。随着通用电气EV1电动车被抛弃，路虎电动跑车成为市场上唯一一款具备公路行驶能力的电动车。评论达到了静态咆哮，宣称这是电动汽车历史上的一个改变性时刻。
Scott Gears, Jeremy Clarkson, took one out for a spin and marvels as he floors it. Not bad from a motor that's the size of a watermelon and only has one moving car. Orders for the $109,000 sports car stream in. Musk is already focusing on the all-electric Model S. It'll be part SUV, part sedan. He envisions a unique vehicle to best the gas guzzlers coming from traditional automakers like BMW Toyota and GM.
斯科特·吉尔斯和杰里米·克拉克森试驾了一辆，感到惊叹，因为他们让它跑得飞快。这台发动机只有一个运动部件，大小仅相当于一个西瓜，但表现还不错。109,000美元的跑车订单不断涌入。马斯克已经开始专注于全电动Model S。这将是部分SUV、部分轿车。他设想一种独特的车辆来超越来自传统汽车制造商如宝马、丰田和通用汽车等的油耗大户。
Detroit CEOs watch Tesla's roller coaster ride of near-death plunges and sky-high success with horror. It now appears the four-year-old company might be steering the automotive world into his vision of an all-electric existence. But the key to everything is money. Investment Bank Goldman Sachs Group has agreed to put up $100 million to launch production of the Model S by 2011. And that would carry Tesla toward the pot of gold, going public.
底特律的首席执行官们惊恐地观看着特斯拉刚刚经历的起起伏伏和高高低低的成功。现在，这家四年的公司似乎正在将汽车世界引向他所预见的全电动存在。但一切的关键在于金钱。投资银行高盛集团已同意投入1亿美元启动Model S的生产，计划在2011年实现。这将带领特斯拉走向公开上市的银鼎大户。
Then just as these elements are lining up, a bomb drops that might not level just Tesla. But the giants of Detroit, too. It's September 2008 at Tesla headquarters in San Carlos, California. Elon Musk has summoned his senior staffers to a come to Jesus meeting.
就在这些因素开始逐渐契合的时候，突然遭受了一次炸弹袭击，不仅可能会摧毁特斯拉，也有可能会影响底特律的巨头们。时间回到2008年9月，在特斯拉总部位于加州圣卡洛斯的时候，埃隆·马斯克召集了高级员工参加一次关键的会议。
OK, everybody. The recession is hitting every car market hard, including us. We're going to have to make some tough financial choices to survive. The subprime mortgage crisis has become a national financial catastrophe. Investment funding for a fledgling car company has all but disappeared.
大家好。经济衰退影响着所有汽车市场，包括我们在内。我们需要做出一些艰难的财务选择才能生存下来。次级抵押贷款危机已经成为全国金融灾难。初创汽车公司的投资资金几乎消失殆尽。
Musk has put in virtually all he has left. $20 million for a total investment of 75 million into Tesla. But that's just a bandaid. First, I'm taking over a CEO and we're looking at major layoffs. We need to get the Model S designed out to potential buyers and hope more deposits come in. That funding will hopefully allow us to make it to production.
马斯克几乎拿出了他所剩下的所有资金——2千万美元，总投资额达到了7千5百万美元。但这只是暂时的措施。我将接任首席执行官，并进行大规模削减。我们需要将 Model S 设计好并推向潜在买家，希望能获得更多的订金。这些资金有望让我们达到生产目标。
Tesla's head of marketing frowns and speaks up. Elon, we're still trying to get roadsters out the door. You don't know where close to producing the Model S, and you're talking about spending roadster deposits to produce the Model S. I'm sorry, Elon, but is it even ethical for us to do that? What no one in the room knows is that Tesla has already spent millions in roadster deposits to stay afloat.
特斯拉的市场营销负责人皱起眉头说话了。埃隆，我们仍在努力推出跑车。你离生产Model S还很远，你却想要用跑车的订金来生产Model S。对不起，埃隆，但这样做合乎道德吗？会不会有问题？但在房间里没有人知道的是，特斯拉已经花费了数百万的跑车定金来维持运营。
Let me break it down for you. We do this, or we die. By late October, Tesla is down to a poultry half a million dollars, just making payroll is on the line, and bankruptcy is looming. Musk's electric dream is running on fumes. Then, in late November, Tesla gets a shot in the arm of $40 million from existing investors.
让我向您分解一下。我们必须做这个，否则我们就会失败。到了十月底，特斯拉只剩下了区区一百万美元，只有支付工资才是关键，破产的阴影正在逼近。马斯克的电动梦想如今只能借助最后的力量支撑。然而，直到十一月底，特斯拉从现有投资者处获得了四千万美元的注入，提振了信心。
In January 2009, the company gets another crucial bump when AG Dymler comes calling. And it doesn't hurt that the Dymler deal is worth $40 million. Four months later, the company invests another $50 million in Tesla. In March, the Model S prototype has its coming out party at Musk's SpaceX plan.
2009年1月，当艾迪·迪姆勒来访时，这家公司再次获得了至关重要的推动。而且迪姆勒交易价值达到了4000万美元，这也是一笔不小的收入。四个月之后，该公司又向特斯拉投资了5000万美元。在3月份，Model S原型车在马斯克的SpaceX计划中首次亮相。
The car is everything he promised, a sleek beautifully designed sedan. New York Times says the car's lines echo a mazerati, but with SUV level space and a 300 mile single-charge range. Musk tells the crowd Tesla expects to make $20,000 of the Model S annually, but that will depend on significant financing from one particular investor, the U.S. government.
那辆汽车就像它承诺的一样，是一辆美观、流线型的轿车。《纽约时报》表示，这辆车的线条呼应了一辆玛莎拉蒂，但它拥有SUV级别的空间和300英里单次充电里程。马斯克告诉观众，特斯拉公司预计每年生产Model S能带来2万美元的利润，但这将取决于一位特定投资者——美国政府的重要融资支持。
By June 2009, Chrysler and GM are in bankruptcy court. Gas prices are soaring along with new rigid emission standards. It's a perfect time for electric cars to step into the spotlight.
到了2009年6月份，克莱斯勒和通用汽车都面临着破产重组的困境。燃油价格不断飙升，同时新的严格排放标准也在实施。这正是电动汽车脱颖而出的完美时机。
Newly elected President Barack Obama's green agenda calls for 1 million electric cars to hit the roads by 2015. To that end, the Department of Energy loans $1.6 billion to Nissan and $5.9 billion to Ford to fund electric vehicles. Also on the gift list is Tesla, which gets $465 million specifically for the production of the Model S and a factory to make battery packs in electric drive trains for Tesla and other companies.
新当选的美国总统巴拉克·奥巴马的绿色议程要求到2015年上路的电动汽车达到100万辆。为了实现这个目标，能源部向尼桑借贷16亿美元，向福特借贷59亿美元，以资助电动汽车的发展。同时，特斯拉也受到礼遇，获得了4.65亿美元的专款，用于生产模型S和制造电动驱动系统的电池包，以供特斯拉和其他公司使用。
This isn't the wish list Musk had hoped for, but it's a crucial influx of cash as Detroit steps up its electric presence. Ford announces the electric focus set for 2011. Chrysler promises 500,000 EVs will be on the road by 2013. But General Motors Vice Chairman Bob Lutz doesn't need years to debut Chevrolet's answer to the electric challenge. The Chevy Volt will be available in early 2010.
这不是马斯克所希望的愿望清单，但对底特律加强电动车出现非常关键的资金流入。福特宣布了2011年的电动重点。 克莱斯勒承诺到2013年将有500,000辆电动汽车上路。但通用汽车副董事长鲍勃·卢茨不需要多年来展示雪佛兰对电动挑战的回应。雪佛兰Volt将在2010年初推出。
It's 2009, a GM headquarters in Detroit. Lutz has been watching Tesla like a hawk for years. He's long realized the little California company is onto something. And with Toyota and its popular Prius pushing GM aside as the world's top car manufacturer, Lutz knows they need to up the ante to stay in the game.
现在是2009年，在底特律的通用汽车总部。卢茨猎鹰般观察着特斯拉公司多年。他很早就意识到这家加州小公司正在做出一些值得关注的事情。而且随着丰田及其受欢迎的普锐斯车将通用汽车甩到了世界汽车制造商之首的位置，卢茨知道他们需要加快速度才能留在这个游戏中。
The Volt is a plug-in hybrid, a cheaper solution to the costly batteries of an all-electric vehicle. Unlike the Roadster, the Volt isn't a sexy sports car, but it's not meant to be. And at $40,000, it's far more affordable than the $109,000 Tesla machine.
伏特是一款插电混合动力车，是对全电动车昂贵电池的更便宜的解决方案。与Roadster不同，伏特并不是一辆性感的跑车，但它也不需要是。而且以4万美元的价格，比价值109000美元的特斯拉机器更实惠。
Come on in, sit down. New Yorker magazine. Ross for one thing, it's about $60,000 less than the Roadster. Well how does the Volt stack up against the EV1, which GM is already scrapped? Trust me, this isn't the EV1 all over again. It's going to be manufactured in big numbers and a central focus to the GM brand.
过来坐吧。这是《纽约客》杂志。 比如说，它比Roadster便宜6万美元。那么Volt与GM已经放弃的EV1相比如何呢？相信我，这不是EV1再现。它将被大量生产，是GM品牌的中心焦点。
Well how do you feel about Elon Musk's mission to disrupt Detroit? You think he's going to redefine the auto production game? Hardly, everyone who tries to reinvent this business believes that auto companies are populated by dummies, right? But to mass produce cars, you need a large engineering staff, a workforce that demands retirement benefits, a tax staff, a fleet of accountants, and an unbelievable amount of reliability testing that Tesla just can't afford to do.
你觉得埃隆·马斯克打算颠覆底特律的使命，你怎么想？你认为他会重新定义汽车生产的游戏吗？恕我直言，每个试图重新发明这个行业的人都认为汽车公司里面都是些蠢蛋，是不是？但是要大规模生产汽车，你需要一个庞大的工程团队，一支要求退休福利的劳动力，一个税务团队，一支会计团队，还需要进行大量的可靠性测试，而特斯拉目前无法承担这些费用。
Inevitably, Tesla will discover that the only way to succeed on the scale that we have is to be exactly like us. It's Fall of 2009. Martin Eberhard is mad. He's calling his attorney. Hello Martin, I've had it with this ****. Elon Musk being the **** in question. The one and only.
毫无疑问，特斯拉最终会发现，想要在我们的规模上取得成功，唯一的方法是成为和我们完全一样的公司。现在是2009年秋天，马丁·埃伯哈德已经怒了，他正在联系他的律师。你好，马丁，我受够了这个混蛋了。埃隆·马斯克就是那个混蛋，唯一一个。
As Tesla has grown, Eberhard has been watching from the sidelines. He still loves the car and the principles the company was founded on, but he hates Musk. The feeling is mutual. I want to sue him. Every interview I read, he's blaming me for every problem Tesla ever had and he's claiming to be a co-founder. The guy wasn't even in the room when we founded the company. Let's nail him for libel, slander, breach of contract, whatever else we can.
随着特斯拉的发展，埃伯哈德一直在观察着。他仍然喜欢这辆车和公司的创始原则，但他讨厌马斯克。这种感觉是相互的。我想起诉他。我读到的每次采访都在责怪我导致特斯拉所有的问题，同时声称自己是共同创始人。这个人甚至不在我们创立公司的房间里。让我们对他的诽谤、诋毁、违约等行为进行严惩。
Are you sure you want to do this? Absolutely. With this, Tesla's attorneys say my blog posts criticizing Tesla have violated my anti-despairagement agreement. They withdrew my 250,000 stock options. Well, damn. I'll get right on this part. Musk is not an easy man to deal with, but Eberhard is primed for a righteous war.
你确定你要这样做吗？绝对确定。因此，特斯拉的律师说我的博客文章批评特斯拉违反了我的反抨击协议。他们撤回了我的25万股票期权。哎呀。我会很快解决这件事。马斯克不是好对付的人，但艾伯哈德准备好开始一场正义的战争了。
For Musk, this ranks pretty low on his lengthy list of battles he must win. The Model S prototype is lowered investment in government funding, but actual delivery of the sedan to buyers who put down deposits keeps getting pushed back. There are workflow problems, supplier issues, engineers are working in shifts around the clock. Right now, the crew is working on the Model S in a 3,000 square foot tent on the SpaceX lot. The $465 million loan from the government is helpful. But Tesla only gets the money if it has an actual automobile factory, and those traditionally cost $1 billion. The tent is just not going to cut it.
对马斯克来说，这不太重要，因为他必须赢得的战斗太多了。Model S原型车的投资降低了，但实际将该轿车交付给交了订金的买家的日期一直不断地推迟。存在工作流程问题、供应商问题，工程师们在轮班工作。现在，工作团队正在SpaceX的3000平方英尺帐篷中努力工作Model S。来自政府的4.65亿美元贷款对特斯拉有用。但特斯拉只有实际拥有汽车工厂才会获得这笔资金，而传统汽车工厂成本通常高达10亿美元。帐篷恐怕不太够用。
Detroit is waiting to see if the Tesla experiment explodes in Musk's face. At this point, Tesla has accomplished at least one thing it set out to do, lead Detroit to electric cars. But now that Musk has blazed the trail, Detroit has no intention of being anything less than King of the Road.
底特律正在等待看看特斯拉的实验是否会让马斯克措手不及。目前为止，特斯拉已经完成了至少一件它设定的目标，那就是带领底特律向电动汽车方向前进。但是现在，马斯克开辟了这条道路，底特律毫不打算退却，除非它成为道路之王。
Hey Prime members, you can binge every episode of Business Wars ad-free on Amazon Music. Download the Amazon Music app today. Before you can listen ad-free with Wondery Plus and Apple podcasts, before you go, tell us about yourself by completing a short survey at Wondery.com-survey.
嗨，Prime会员，你可以在Amazon Music上畅听每一集《商业战争》无广告版本。今天就下载Amazon Music应用程序吧。在你可以使用Wondery Plus和苹果播客无广告听之前，请先完成Wondery.com-survey的简短调查告诉我们关于你自己的信息。
From Wondery, this is episode 1 of Tesla vs Detroit for Business Wars.
来自Wondery，这是Business Wars的Tesla vs Detroit的第1集。
A quick note about recreations you've been hearing in most cases we can't know exactly what was said those scenes are dramatizations, but they're based on historical research.
关于你们听到的重新创作的一个快速提示，在大多数情况下我们无法确切知道所说的内容，这些场景是戏剧化的，但它们是基于历史研究的。
If you'd like to read more about Tesla, we recommend Powerplay by Tim Higgins and Elon Musk, Tesla, SpaceX, and The Quest for a Fantastic Future by Ashley Vans.
如果你想更多地了解特斯拉，我们推荐读Tim Higgins所著的《Powerplay》以及Ashley Vans撰写的《埃隆·马斯克、特斯拉、太空探索和美好未来的追求》。
I'm your host David Brown, Peter Gilstrap wrote this story, voice acting by Michelle Philippi, Karen Lo is our senior producer and editor, edited and produced by Emily Frost, sound designed by Kyle Randall.
我是你们的主持人大卫·布朗，彼得·吉尔斯特拉普编写了这个故事，米歇尔·菲利皮配音，卡伦·罗是我们的高级制片人和编辑，艾米丽·弗罗斯特负责编辑和制作，凯尔·兰德尔负责声音设计。
Our producer is Dave Schilling.
我们的制片人是戴夫·希林。
Our executive producers are Jenny Lauer Beckman and Marshall Louis, created by Ernan Lopez for Wondery.
我们的执行制片人是珍妮·劳尔·贝克曼和马歇尔·路易斯，由欧南·洛佩兹为Wondery创作。