【TED演讲】想学会一个语言？就像玩电子游戏般地去说出来 | Marianna Pascal | TEDxPenangRoad - YouTube

So for the past 20 years I've been helping Malaysians and other Southeast Asians to speak better English And through training thousands of Southeast Asians. I've discovered a very surprising truth I've discovered that how well somebody communicates in English Actually has very little to do with their English level. It has a lot to do with their attitude towards English There are people out there who have a very very low level of English and they can communicate very very well One of them that I remember was a student a participant of my name Faisal He was a factory supervisor English level very very low But this guy could just sit and listen to anybody very calmly clearly and then he could respond Absolutely express his thoughts Beautifully at a very low level of English So today I want to share with you what is so different about people like Faisal how do they do it and Second of all why is this so important not only to you but to your children to your community and to the future of Malaysia And third of all what's one thing you can do starting today if you want to speak with that calm Clear confidence that people like Faisal has

所以在过去的20年里，我一直在帮助马来西亚人和其他东南亚人改善他们的英语口语，通过培训成千上万的东南亚人，我发现了一个非常惊人的事实。我发现一个人在英语沟通方面的表现实际上与他们的英语水平关系不大，与他们对英语的态度有很大关系。有些人英语水平非常低，但他们可以非常好地进行沟通。我记得有一位叫法萨尔的学生，他是一名工厂主管，英语水平非常低，但这个人可以很冷静、清晰地倾听别人的讲话，然后能够非常清晰地表达自己的想法，用一种非常低水平的英语表达得非常美丽。 所以今天我想和大家分享一下像法萨尔这样的人到底有什么不同，他们是如何做到的。其次，为什么这对你、对你的孩子、对你的社区和对马来西亚的未来都如此重要。最后，如果你想拥有像法萨尔这样冷静、清晰有自信的表达方式，从今天开始你可以做的一件事是什么。

So first of all what is so different? How do people like Faisal do it? So to answer that question, I'm going to take you back about 10 years Okay so I was training staff at that time and my daughter at that time was taking piano lessons and I started to notice two really strong similarities between my daughter's attitude Or thinking towards playing the piano and a lot of Malaysians Thinking or attitude towards English Now first of all I should tell you my daughter Absolutely hated piano hated the lessons hated practicing. This is my daughter practicing piano. Okay. This is as good as it got this is the real thing and She dreaded going to piano lessons because to my daughter Going to piano lessons she was filled with this sort of dread because it was all about Not screwing up right because like for a lot of piano students to both my daughter and her teacher Her success in piano was measured by how few mistakes she made Now at the same time I noticed that a lot of Malaysians went into English conversations with the same sort of Feeling of dread this sort of feeling that they were going to be judged by how many mistakes they were going to make And whether or not they were going to screw up

首先，究竟有什么不同呢？像费萨尔这样的人是如何做到的？为了回答这个问题，让我带你回到大约10年前。当时我正在培训员工，同时我的女儿在学钢琴。我开始注意到我女儿的态度或想法在弹钢琴方面和许多马来西亚人对待英语的态度或想法之间有两个非常相似之处。首先，我必须告诉你，我女儿绝对讨厌弹钢琴，讨厌上课，讨厌练习。她非常讨厌去上钢琴课，因为对她来说，去上钢琴课充满了这种畏惧感，因为一切都是关于不出错的。她担心不出错，因为对于许多钢琴学生来说，她的成功是通过她犯的错误越少来衡量的。与此同时，我也注意到很多马来西亚人在英语交流时也带着同样的畏惧感，他们担心自己会因犯错误而受到判断，害怕自己是否会出错。

Now the second similarity that I noticed was to do a self image you see my daughter She knew what good piano sounded like right because we've all heard good piano and she knew what her level was and she knew how long she'd have to play for to speak to play like that and A lot of Malaysians I noticed had this idea of what good proper English is supposed to sound like And what there I see a lot of you nodding and what their English sounded like and how far they'd have to go to get there And they also felt like they were like my daughter just bad bad piano player Bad English speaker right my English not so good like cannot sorry. I shy I cannot So I could see these similarities, but I still couldn't figure out okay

现在我注意到的第二个相似之处是关于自我形象。你看，我的女儿知道什么是好钢琴声音，因为我们都听过好的钢琴声音，她知道自己水平在哪里，知道自己要练多久才能弹奏得像那样。我注意到很多马来西亚人有一个关于什么是良好标准英语应该听起来像的概念。我看到很多人点头表示认同，他们知道他们的英语听起来像什么，还有他们还要走多远才能达到那个标准。他们也觉得他们就像我的女儿一样，只是弹钢琴很差劲的坏钢琴手，英语说得很糟糕的糟糕英语使用者。我的英语不太好，不好意思，我害羞，我不行。我能看到这些相似之处，但我还是想不明白。

What is it about these people like Faisal that are so different that can just do it? smoothly calmly with confidence And one day I discovered that answer and I discovered it quite by chance It was a day when my computer broke down and I had to go to a cyber cafe now Okay, it was my first time and I discovered cyber cafes are disgusting places, okay? They're really gross they're smelly and they're filled with boys and they're all playing noisy violent games. They're just disgusting places But I have to go there so I sit down and I start noticing this guy beside me and I become very very interested in this guy next to me Now this guy is playing this game that is basically it's like Shooting people until they die and that's it right. That's the game right and and I'm noticing that this guy is not very good

有些人，比如费萨尔，是怎么做到那么容易、平静、充满自信的呢？有一天，我偶然发现了答案。那是一天，我的电脑坏了，我不得不去网吧。好吧，那是我第一次去，我发现网吧是令人讨厌的地方，是吧？它们非常恶心，又臭又满是男孩们，他们打着吵闹的暴力游戏。它们只是令人作呕的地方。但我必须去，于是我坐下来，开始注意到我旁边的这个家伙，我对他非常感兴趣。这个家伙正在玩一个基本上就是射杀人直至他们死亡的游戏。那就是游戏，对吧？我注意到这个家伙并不是很厉害。

He's like in fact terrible right because I'm looking and I'm seeing like a lot of shooting and and and and not much dying right? But what really interested me was behind this lousy player were three of his friends sort of standing there watching him play And what I really noticed was even though this guy was terrible even though his friends were watching him there was no embarrassment there was no feeling of being judged there was no shyness in fact quite the opposite this guy's like totally Focused on the bad guys smile on his face All he can think about is is is killing these guys right? And I'm watching him and I suddenly realized this is it This is the same attitude attitude that people like Faisal have when they speak English just like this guy When Faisal goes into an English conversation He doesn't feel judged. He's entirely focused on the person that he's speaking to and the result he wants to get He's got no self-awareness no thoughts about his own mistakes I want to share with you a real true example to paint a picture of Somebody who speaks English like they're playing piano and someone who speaks English like they're playing a computer game And this is a true story Happened to me a while ago.

他就像实际上很糟糕，因为我看到很多射击，但几乎没有人死对吧？但真正吸引我的是，在这个糟糕的玩家背后，有三个朋友在旁边看着他玩。我真正注意到的是，即使这个家伙很糟糕，即使他的朋友在看着他，他们没有感到尴尬，没有被判断的感觉，也没有羞怯，事实上相反，这个家伙完全专注于脸上洋溢着笑容，他所有的想法都是要杀死这些家伙。我看着他，突然意识到，这就是了。这就是费萨尔之类的人在说英语时的态度，就像这个家伙一样。费萨尔进入英语对话时，感觉不被评判，完全专注于与对方交流和达到预期的结果，没有自我意识，也没有考虑自己的错误。我想分享一个真实的例子给你，描绘一个像弹奏钢琴一样说英语的人和一个像玩电脑游戏一样说英语的人，这是一则真实故事，发生在我身上一段时间前。

I was in a pharmacy. I had to buy Omega My doctor said I should get Omega and I go to the shelf. There's tons of Omega. There's Omega. That's high in DHA Omega. That's high in EPA and I don't know which one to buy Now the sales rep happened to be there and I saw she was like this well-dressed professional woman I walk over to her and I see this look as she sees me this sort of it's a look I recognize very well her eyes go all wide it's sort of that panic Oh my god, I got to speak to a native speaker and she's gonna judge me and notice my mistakes I Go up to her and I explain my situation which which Omega do I get and she starts explaining to me Everything about DHA and EPA you could possibly imagine She speaks very quickly goes all around in circles and when she finishes No idea what to buy So I turn to the girl behind the counter now the girl behind the counter I heard her before her English level is very low

我在一家药店。我需要买欧米茄。我的医生说我应该买欧米茄，所以我走到货架前。那里有很多种欧米茄。有含有DHA的欧米茄。有含有EPA的欧米茄，我不知道要买哪种。这时售货员碰巧在那里，我看到她是一个穿着得体的专业女士。我走向她，看到她看到我的时候有一种熟悉的表情，她的眼睛睁大，像是有点慌张，哦天啊，我得和一个母语为英语的人交谈，她会评判我，注意到我的错误。我走向她，解释我的情况，问我应该买哪种欧米茄，她开始向我解释一切关于DHA和EPA的事情，你能想象到的。她说得很快，绕来绕去，当她讲完时，我完全不知道应该买什么。于是我去问柜台后面的那个女孩，我之前听到她的英语水平很低。

But when I walk over to her this girl There's no fear in fact. She's just looking at me. You know that look like yeah, okay, so how Yeah, I've been in Malaysia a long time So I go up to her and I explain the problem EPA DHA she looks at me she says okay EPA for heart DHA for brain Your heart okay or not So I said Yeah, yeah, I said my heart is really it's I think it's pretty good. She says Your brain okay or not I Said no No, my brain is not as good as it used to be she looks you said okay, la you take omega DHA camp Problem solved right so we've got two different kinds of communicators We've got the one who's got a high level but totally focused on herself and getting it right and therefore very ineffective We've got another one Low level totally focused on the person she's talking to and getting a result Effective and therein lies the difference Now why is this distinction so important not just to you to your children but to the future of Malaysia and countries like Malaysia And to answer that Let's take a look at who actually is speaking English in the world today, okay? So if we looked at all of the English conversations in the whole world taking place right now on planet Earth We would see that for every native speaker like me There are five non-native speakers and if we listen to every conversation in English on planet Earth right now We would notice that 96% of those conversations Involved non-native English speakers only four percent of those conversations are native speaker to native speaker

但当我走过去，走向她，这个女孩并不害怕。实际上，她只是看着我。你知道那种看着你的眼神，是的，好的，那么怎么样呢？是的，我在马来西亚呆了很长时间了，所以我走到她跟前，解释问题EPA DHA，她看着我，说好的，EPA是为了心脏，DHA是为了大脑，你的心脏好吗？我说是的，是的，我说我的心脏真的很好。她说你的大脑好吗？我说不，不，我的大脑不像以前那样好了，她看着你说好的，你就服用欧米茄DHA胶囊，问题解决了，所以我们有两种不同类型的沟通者。一个是高水平但完全专注于自己并且效果很差的，另一个是低水平但完全专注于她正在交谈的人并且取得了结果的沟通者，差异就在于此。那么为什么这种区别如此重要，不仅对你和你的孩子而言，对马来西亚和类似国家的未来也很重要。为了回答这个问题，让我们来看看今天世界上谁实际上在讲英语吧，好吗？如果我们看看地球上正在进行的所有英语对话，我们会发现对于像我这样的母语者，有五名非母语者；如果我们现在在地球上听每一个英语对话，我们会注意到96%的对话涉及非母语的英语使用者，只有4%的对话是母语者之间的。

This is not my language anymore. This language belongs to you It's not an art to be mastered. It's just a tool To use to get a result and I want to give you a real life example of what English is today in the world real English today This is another true story. I Was at a barbecue a little while ago. This was a barbecue for engineers engineers from all over the world and And they were making hot dogs now some of the hot dogs were Regular hot dogs and some were these these cheese hot dogs, you know with the cheese in the middle French engineer is cooking the hot dogs and he turns to this Korean engineer and he says Would you like a hot dog? And the Korean guy says yes, please he says do you want the cheese and The Korean guy looks around at the table. He says I I know see cheese French guy says a zuh-zuh-hut dog is contains cheese Korean guy doesn't understand him right so the French engineer tries again the hot dog is is making from with the cheese Korean guys still doesn't understand he tries again. He says zuh-hut dog is coming is Coming from no, so she's coming from zuh-hut dog Korean guy cannot understand now. There's Japanese engineer Who's been listening to this conversation turns to the Korean engineer and he says ah ah? Chisa integrator He understands Everybody understands so this is what English is today It's just a tool to play around with to get a result like a computer game

这不再是我的语言了。这种语言属于你。这不是被掌握的艺术，它只是一个工具，用来获取结果。我想给你一个真实的例子，展示今天世界上英语的实际应用情况。这是另一个真实故事。我有一段时间前参加了一个烧烤派对。这是一个来自世界各地的工程师参与的烧烤派对。他们在做热狗，一些是普通的热狗，一些是有芝士的。一个法国工程师在煮热狗时转身向一位韩国工程师说：“你想要一个热狗吗？”韩国人说：“是的，请。”他问：“你要芝士吗？”韩国人看了看桌子上，说：“我没有看到芝士。”法国人说：“热狗里有芝士。”韩国人还是听不懂，法国工程师再试一次说：“热狗是用芝士做的。”韩国人还是无法理解，他再试了一次说：“热狗里含有芝士。”而韩国人还是不能理解。有一个日本工程师听到这段对话后转向那位韩国工程师说：“啊，芝士热狗。”他马上就明白了。每个人都明白了。这就是今天的英语，只是一个用来玩耍和获取结果的工具，就像一款电脑游戏一样。

Now the challenge is that we know in schools all around the world, right? English is not really being taught like it's a tool to play with It's still being taught like it's an art to master and students are judged more on correctness than on clarity Some of you might remember the old comprehension exam in school Does anybody remember in school when you would you would get a question about a text that you read? You'd have to read through some text right and then answer a question to show that you understood the text And this may have happened to you that you showed that you understood the text But you got a big X because you made a little grammar mistake Like this student now this student clearly understood paragraph 4 but no not correct Because he left the letter n off the word environment But in the real world what would matter in the real world? What would matter is did you understand the email or did you understand your customer so that you can go ahead and take action?

现在的挑战是我们知道世界各地的学校里，对英语的教学并不像教一个可以灵活运用的工具，而是被教授为需要掌握的艺术，学生更多地被判定在正确性方面而非清晰度方面做评判。你们中有些人可能会记得在学校里那个旧的理解考试。还记得在学校里你们会看到一个关于你读过的文本问题的情景吗？你需要仔细阅读一些文本，然后回答一个问题来展示你是否理解了文本。也许你曾经经历过这样的情况，你展示了你理解了文本，但因为有一点语法错误，你就得到一个大大的X。就像现在这个学生，这个学生显然理解了第四段，但不是正确的，因为他忘了在单词"environment"中加上字母n。但在现实世界中，什么才重要呢？在现实世界中，重要的是你是否理解了邮件或者你是否理解了你的客户，以便你可以继续采取行动。

Now the problem that is see here Over and over is that people take the attitude they developed about English in school And they bring it into their adult life and into their work And if you're in a stressful situation and you're having a conversation and you're trying to give a result to someone and Say it correctly your brain multitasks. It cannot do two things at once And what I see is the brain just shutting down and You may recognize these three symptoms of the brain shutting down The first one is that you're listening goes Someone's talking to you and you're so busy Thinking about how you're going to respond and and express yourself correctly You don't actually hear what the other person said and I can see a lot of nodding in the audience The second thing to go is you're speaking your mind sort of shuts down and that vocabulary you do know Just disappears and you the words don't come out The third thing to go is your confidence and the worst thing about this is You may only be confident because you cannot express yourself Clearly But to the person talking to you they may misunderstand this as a lack of confidence in your ability to do the thing The job to perform So if you want to speak English like Faisal with that great confidence Here's the one thing that you can do When you speak don't focus on yourself Focus on the other person and the result you want to achieve Imagine a next generation of Malaysians all with that wonderful confidence in communication that Faisal has at any level of English Because let's remember that English today. It's not an art to be mastered It's just a tool to use to get a result and that tool belongs to you Thank you.

现在我们看到的问题是，人们经常会将他们在学校对英语形成的态度带入到成年生活和工作中。当你处于紧张的情况中，正在和别人交谈并试图给出一个结果时，如果你想要正确地表达，你的大脑就必须同时进行多任务处理。它无法同时做两件事。我看到大脑就像是在关闭自己，你可能会注意到大脑关闭的三个症状。第一个是你的倾听能力下降，有人正在和你说话，而你却忙于考虑怎么回答和正确表达自己，实际上并没有听到对方说的话，我看到很多观众在点头。第二个减弱的是说话时，你的大脑有点停滞，你原本知道的词汇突然不见了，你无法说出正确的词语。第三个减弱的是你的自信心，最糟糕的是，你可能只是因为无法清晰地表达自己而失去信心。但对于与你交谈的人来说，他们可能误解为你对处理任务的能力缺乏信心。所以，如果你想像Faisal一样以极大的自信讲英语，这里有一件事你可以做。当你说话时，不要把注意力放在自己身上，而是关注对方和你想要达到的结果。想象一下下一代马来西亚人，都有像Faisal一样对英语沟通充满自信，无论英语水平如何。因为让我们铭记，英语如今不是要掌握的艺术，它只是一个工具，用来获得结果，而这个工具属于你们。谢谢。