Hawaiʻi's Journey to Statehood | The Last Queen | 1
发布时间 2023-03-22 15:01:00 来源
摘要
In 1893 the independent island kingdom of Hawaiʻi flourished under the leadership of its monarch, Queen Lili’uokalani. But as the leaders of Hawaiʻi’s lucrative sugar industry gained power, the Queen struggled to maintain control. Soon, the so-called sugar barons, with the backing of American politicians, began plotting to overthrow the Queen.The contested and controversial removal of Hawaiʻi’s last reigning monarch would pave the way for the kingdom to be annexed as a U.S. territory, forever changing the fate of the islands.Listen ad free with Wondery+. Join Wondery+ for exclusives, binges, early access, and ad free listening. Available in the Wondery App. https://wondery.app.link/historytellersSupport us by supporting our sponsors!See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.
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嘿，Prime会员，你们可以在亚马逊音乐上无广告地收听美国历史讲述者，今天就下载该应用程序吧。
Imagine it's the afternoon of January 14, 1893. You're a longtime friend and advisor to Hawaii's Queen, Lili Okalani. She summoned you to Iolani Palace in downtown Honolulu, and you're fighting your way through a crowd of her supporters who have gathered outside.
想象一下，现在是1893年1月14日下午。你是夏威夷女王莉莉·奥卡兰尼的长期朋友和顾问。她把你召集到位于檀香山市中心的约兰尼宫，你正在与聚集在外面的她的支持者抢占道路。
It's been a tumultuous few months. Tensions have escalated between native Hawaiians and those beholden to the powerful sugarlaby in the islands. Yesterday, the queen asked you to become her Minister of Foreign Affairs just two days after her previous cabinet resigned.
这几个月来真是动荡不安。夏威夷本地人和那些受制于强大的糖业之家的人之间的紧张局势不断升级。昨天，女王在她之前的内阁辞职只有两天后，邀请您成为她的外交部长。
You enter a reception area called the Blue Room, named for its thick satin drapes. The 54-year-old queen arrives, wearing a lavender gown and limping slightly, still bothered by a childhood injury. She then sits at a head of a long table, and nods for you and three other newly appointed ministers to join you.
你进入一个名为蓝色房间的接待区，因它那厚实的缎子窗帘而得名。54岁的女王穿着一件淡紫色的礼服，轻微地跛着，因为她仍受到童年时的一次伤害的困扰。她接着坐在长桌的首席位置，示意你和其他三位新任命的部长加入进来。
Did you hear that crowd outside, gentlemen? They're expecting me to announce the passage of a new replacement constitution and restore the Hawaiian people's right to vote. You've all had a chance to read it, and I expect you to do the right thing today and sign it.
各位先生，你们听到外面那群人了吗？他们期望我宣布通过了一部新的宪法替代方案，并恢复夏威夷人民的投票权。你们都有机会阅读过它，我期待你们今天做正确的事情，签字支持。
I doubt your majesty, why such haste, I believe we need more time to review the document. Such a bold move requires approval by the legislature as well. Plus, we need to consider the consequences. There are men in the business community here who will strongly oppose this.
陛下，我对您的匆忙有所怀疑。我认为我们需要更多时间来审查文件。这样的大胆举动也需要立法机构的批准。另外，我们还需要考虑后果。我们这里有些商界人士将会强烈反对这个决定。
Oh, I'm well aware, but that's not your concern. As your queen, I command you to sign this document. The queen handpicked you, expecting your unquestioned loyalty, and you are loyal to her. But you and the other ministers are also under intense pressure from her powerful opponents, a group of American businessmen and sugar barons known as the annexation club.
哦，我知道这点，但这不是你的事情。作为你的女王，我命令你签署这份文件。女王精心挑选了你，期望你无条件的忠诚，而你也忠于她。但你和其他大臣也受到来自她的强大对手的巨大压力，这个组织由一群美国商人和糖果大亨组成，被称为吞并俱乐部。
Majesty, you must understand this constitution will be viewed as a revolutionary act. It's my duty to advise you to proceed with more caution.
陛下，您必须明白这部宪法会被视为一项革命性行为。我的责任是建议您更加谨慎地继续。
The queen sits up straight, her face growing red with anger. Gentlemen, if you won't sign it, then you too must resign, and I'll appoint another cabinet, and that will do what must be done. Now sign it.
女王挺直身子，脸色因愤怒而变得通红。先生们，如果你们不签字，那么你们也必须辞职，我将任命另一个内阁来完成必须完成的事情。现在，请签字。
Then as if they had planned it in advance, the other three ministers rise in unison and walk out. It's now just you and the queen who appears distraught.
然后，就像他们事先计划好了一样，其他三位部长一齐站起来走了出去。现在，只剩下你和看起来心烦意乱的女王了。
Your majesty, listen, I'll support you whatever you decide. But if you insist on enacting this new constitution today, the annexation club, the sugarmen, they're going to strike back. They'll say you're stripping them of their livelihoods.
陛下，请听我说，无论你决定什么，我都会支持你。但如果你坚持今天颁布这个新宪法，合并俱乐部和糖业人将会反击。他们会说你剥夺了他们的谋生方式。
Like they've stripped my people of their voting rights? No as well as I do how much our people have suffered. I'm tired of letting these outsiders run our country. Delays and negotiations will not serve us.
他们剥夺了我们人民的选举权，就像剥夺了我的人民的选举权？我很清楚我们的人民遭受了多少苦难。我厌倦了让这些外人来统治我们的国家。拖延和谈判不会为我们服务。
Even if it will avoid bloodshed? Majesty, please do not underestimate what these men are capable of.
陛下，即使这样可以避免流血，您也不要低估这些人的能力。请不要忽视这一点。
The queen glances out the windows toward the crowds that have begun chanting outside. Their words echo through the palace, Hawaii for Hawaiians. You can feel how strongly your queen has drawn to them. How much she wants to step out on that balcony and proclaim that a new constitution has been signed.
皇后朝窗外瞥了一眼，看到了开始高呼口号的人群。他们的声音在宫殿中回荡，呼喊着“夏威夷为夏威夷人”。你可以感受到你的皇后是多么的被他们所吸引，多么想走出阳台，宣布新宪法已经签署。
So you hope you can convince the queen to choose a safer path and delay her push for a new constitution. Hawaii is your home and it should be a free place for free Hawaiians who can vote and participate in its governance. But you don't want to see it torn apart.
那么你希望能说服女王选择更安全的道路，延缓她对新宪法的推动。夏威夷是你的家园，应该是一个自由的地方，自由的夏威夷人可以投票、参与治理。但你不想看到它被撕裂。
From Wondery, I'm Lindsey Graham and this is American History Tellers, Our History, Your Story. On our show, we'll take you to the events, the times and the people that shaped America and Americans. Our values are struggles in our dreams. We'll put you in the shoes of everyday citizens as history was being made and we'll show you how the events of the times affected them, their families, and affects you now.
我是Lindsey Graham，来自Wondery，欢迎收听《美国历史讲述者：我们的历史，你的故事》。在我们的节目中，我们将带你领略那些塑造美国和美国人的事件、时代和人物。我们的价值观是我们的斗争和梦想。我们会让你身临其境地感受历史时期普通人的生活，并向你展示这些事件如何影响他们、他们的家庭，以及现在对你的影响。
The Hawaiian Islands are one of the most remote places on earth, thousands of miles from any mainland. Eight major islands and scores of smaller islands and aitles make up an archipelago that stretches across 1500 miles in the middle of the Pacific Ocean. For centuries that geographic isolation protected Hawaii and its inhabitants from outside influences. But by the 19th century that had begun to change.
夏威夷群岛是地球上最偏远的地方之一，距离任何大陆数千英里。八个主要岛屿和成百上千的小岛和礁石组成了一座跨越太平洋中部1500英里的群岛。几个世纪以来，这种地理上的孤立保护了夏威夷及其居民不受外界的影响。但到了19世纪，这种情况已经开始改变。
The arrival of American and European missionaries, whalers and farmers transformed Hawaii's culture, economy and landscape. The growth of the powerful sugar industry brought fresh waves of immigrant laborers and drew the attention of political leaders from the mainland US who began to see the island's economic and strategic potential.
美国和欧洲的传教士、捕鲸人和农民的到来，改变了夏威夷的文化、经济和景观。强大的糖业发展引来了新一批移民劳工，并引起了美国本土的政治领袖的注意，他们开始看到这个岛屿的经济和战略潜力。
Until the islands remained an independent kingdom until 1893, that year a clash between Hawaii's monarch, Queen Lillio Kalani and American business interests set in motion a series of events that would remake Hawaii into a US territory and eventually the 50th state. This is episode one of our four part series on Hawaii's journey to statehood, the last queen.
直到1893年，这些岛屿仍是一个独立的王国。那一年，夏威夷的君王莉莉乌卡兰尼女王和美国商业利益之间的冲突导致了一系列事件，最终将夏威夷改为美国领土，并最终成为第50个州。这是我们关于夏威夷通往州份的旅程的四部曲之一——《最后的女王》。
The first Polynesian explorers to reach the Hawaiian Islands over a thousand years ago found an untouched paradise, a land of folded cliffs and towering waterfalls, deep green hill-size spotted with colorful flowers. There were no predators, no snakes and very few insects. It offered abundant drinkable water and its shores teemed with fish.
超过一千年前，第一批到达夏威夷群岛的波利尼西亚探险家发现了一个未被触碰的天堂。这里是一片折叠悬崖和高耸瀑布的土地，深绿色的山丘上布满了五颜六色的花朵。这里没有食肉动物，也没有蛇，昆虫很少。这里有充足的可饮用的水资源，海岸线上有大量的鱼类。
Over the centuries as more settlers arrived from Samoa to Hiti and other South Pacific islands, various priests and chiefs ruled numerous different Hawaii and tribes. Then in the late 1700s one man began to unite the islands. King Kamehameha I conquered all the other chiefs and by 1810 had unified the islands into one kingdom. The king expanded trade and created a unified legal system. When he died in 1819, his son became king and his grandson after that. The house of Kamehameha would reign for eight decades.
数个世纪以来，随着来自萨摩亚和其他南太平洋岛屿的移民不断增加，各种祭司和酋长统治了许多不同的夏威夷和部落。然后在18世纪末，一位男子开始统一这些岛屿。卡美哈美哈一世国王征服了所有其他首领，到1810年把岛屿统一成一个王国。这位国王扩大了贸易并建立了一个统一的法律系统。他于1819年去世后，他的儿子成为国王，之后是孙子。卡美哈美哈王朝将统治八个十年。
But the island would not be there as alone. Explorers from other parts of the world had also begun visiting Hawaii. Starting with British explorer James Cook in 1778, Captain Cook and his men marveled at the lush paradise of what Cook called the Sandwich Islands. And their arrival quickly brought conflict. In 1779 during Cook's second visit to the islands, tensions between native Hawaiians and Cook's men escalated. Until in one incident, angry Hawaiians stabbed and killed Cook as he was attempting to kidnap a local chief in retaliation for a stolen boat. After the captain's death, Cook's men killed as many as 30 Hawaiians. And after Cook, more Europeans followed.
但这座岛不再孤独了。来自世界其他地方的探险家也开始访问夏威夷。从1778年开始，英国探险家詹姆斯·库克（James Cook）和他的手下们惊叹于库克所称的“三明治群岛”的美丽。但他们的到来很快带来了冲突。在1779年库克第二次访问夏威夷期间，本地夏威夷人和库克手下的紧张局势升级。在一次事件中，愤怒的夏威夷人刺伤并杀死了库克，因为他试图绑架一位本地酋长，以报复被盗的小船。在船长的死后，库克的手下杀死了多达30名夏威夷人。而在库克之后，更多的欧洲人前来夏威夷。
Christian missionaries began arriving from New England in the 1820s. After them came the Wailers who visited Hawaii on their way to and from whale hunting grounds off the coast of Japan. The Wailers turned the island's largest city, Honolulu, into a bustling seaport full of sailors and merchants from every corner of the globe. Most native Hawaiians viewed these newcomers not as a threat, but as a source of new ideas and customs. Many willingly converted to Christianity, including King Kamehameha II. His successor King Kamehameha III brought western style changes to Hawaii's government, transitioning from an absolute monarchy to a constitutional one.
从19世纪20年代起，基督教传教士开始从新英格兰地区抵达夏威夷。接着，捕鲸者也来到夏威夷，他们在前往和离开日本海岸捕鲸场时会经过夏威夷。捕鲸者让夏威夷最大的城市——檀香山变成一个繁华的海港，满是来自世界各地的水手和商人。大多数夏威夷土著人并没有将这些新来者视为威胁，而是视之为新思想和习俗的源泉。许多人都自愿改信基督教，包括卡美哈美哈二世国王。他的继任者卡美哈美哈三世国王为夏威夷政府带来了西式的改变，从绝对君主制向宪政制度转变。
The Bill of Rights and a Judiciary and National Legislature. Starting in the 1840s, Hawaiians could vote for their representatives in government. The King also enacted western style land reforms. Traditionally, all Hawaiian land was held under the stewardship of the King and communally shared. But starting in 1848, Kamehameha III decided to introduce private land ownership. At first, under a new system called Mahalai, only native Hawaiians could own land. When in 1850, the Hawaiian legislature passed the Alien Land ownership act, which for the first time allowed foreigners to buy or lease property.
从19世纪40年代开始，夏威夷人可以投票选举政府代表。国王还实施了西式土地改革。传统上，所有夏威夷土地都由国王托管并共享。但从1848年开始，卡美哈美哈三世决定引入私有土地所有权。起初，在称为Mahalai的新系统下，只有夏威夷本土人可以拥有土地。当夏威夷立法机构在1850年通过外国人土地所有权法案后，外国人第一次被允许购买或租赁财产。
One group in particular soon took advantage of the new law. Sugar growers. In the 1850s, American and European farmers discovered that the Hawaiian Islands climate, soil, and water were ideal for cultivating sugar cane. Under allowances given them by the Alien Land ownership act, they began scooping up vast parcels of land. A few pioneers created large-scale sugar plantations on the islands of Oahu, Maui, and Lani. And a number of businesses expanded into sugar exports, including many started by the descendents of missionaries. Hawaiian sugar also got a boost from the American Civil War, which decimated plantations in the Southern American States and caused sugar prices to soar.
有一个特别的群体很快就利用了这项新法律，即糖种植者。在19世纪50年代，美洲和欧洲的农民发现夏威夷群岛的气候、土壤和水都非常适合种植甘蔗。根据外国人土地所有权法案给予的特许权，他们开始收购大片土地。一些先驱者在瓦胡岛、毛伊岛和拉尼岛上创建了大规模的糖田。许多从传教士后代开始的企业也涉足了糖的出口。夏威夷的糖还得益于美国内战，这场战争摧毁了南部美国州的糖厂，导致了糖价飙升。
To keep up with demand and compete with Caribbean sugar, Hawaiians' plantation owners brought in immigrant contract workers from China, Japan, and Portugal to work the fields. By the mid-1860s, more than 30 Hawaiian plantations were exporting 18 million pounds of refined sugar every year. But market turbulence and consolidation compressed the sugar industry into just a handful of companies, which became known as the Big Five.
为了满足需求并与加勒比地区的糖竞争，夏威夷的种植园主引进来自中国、日本和葡萄牙的移民合同工人来工作。到19世纪60年代中期，超过30个夏威夷种植园每年出口1800万磅精炼白糖。但市场动荡和整合将糖业压缩到了几家大公司，这些公司被称为“大五”。
Over the course of the 1870s, these five companies expanded into every corner of Hawai'i's economy, from banking to shipping to real estate. Many of the leaders of these businesses, the so-called sugarbearers, became politicians and judges. Some developed close ties to the monarchy, even marrying into the extended royal family, further cementing their power and influence on the economy and government of the islands. But the explosive growth of Hawai'i sugar economy did little to benefit native Hawaiians.
在19世纪70年代的时间段中，这五家公司扩展到夏威夷经济的各个角落，从银行到航运到房地产。这些企业的许多领导者，也被称为糖业巨头，成为政治家和法官。有些与王室有着密切的联系，甚至嫁入了扩展的皇室家族，进一步巩固了他们对夏威夷群岛经济和政府的影响力和权力。但是，夏威夷的糖业经济的爆炸式增长对土著夏威夷人的利益几乎没有任何帮助。
Some found work on plantations, but most owners preferred laborers from abroad who could be indentured and forced to work for less. More troubling for native islanders were the infectious diseases introduced by foreigners. Indigenous Hawaiians, with no natural immunity, died by the thousands who diseases like influenza, cholera, tuberculosis, the mums, measles, and smallpox. At the time of Captain Cook's arrival, Hawai'i's native population was estimated to be between 200,000 and 1 million. But by 1874, only a century later, their numbers had dropped to roughly 50,000.
一些人在种植园找到了工作，但大多数业主更喜欢来自国外的劳工，因为他们可以被契约并强迫以较低的工资工作。对于土著夏威夷人来说更令人担忧的是外国人带来的传染病。夏威夷土著人没有自然免疫力，因流感、霍乱、结核病、腮腺炎、麻疹和天花等疾病而死亡数以千计。在库克船长到达夏威夷时，该地的原住民人口估计在20万至100万之间。但是一百年后的1874年，他们的人口数量已经降至大约5万左右。
That same year, Hawai'i saw the crowning of a new king, whose policies would further transform the island kingdom. Known as the Mary Monarch, King David Kala Kawa was a champion of Hawaiian culture, history, music, and dance. He liked to drink, sing, and play the ukulele, an instrument that had been introduced to the islands by Portuguese immigrants.
同一年，夏威夷见证了新国王的加冕，他的政策将进一步改变这个岛国王国。这位被称为Mary Monarch的国王大卫·卡拉·卡瓦是夏威夷文化、历史、音乐和舞蹈的支持者。他喜欢喝酒、唱歌和弹尤克里里，这是由葡萄牙移民引入夏威夷群岛的一种乐器。
After King David Kala Kawa's rule, advances in business and education brought prosperity to the islands. He even brought electricity to the Royal Palace, four years before the White House got electric lights. King Kala Kawa also became increasingly friendly with the powerful owners of the big five sugar companies. And at their behest, the king traveled the world to encourage immigrants to come work the sugar plantations.
在国王戴维·卡拉·卡瓦统治后，商业和教育的进步为这些岛屿带来了繁荣。他甚至在白宫通电四年之前，就为皇家宫殿通了电。国王卡拉·卡瓦还越来越友好地与五大糖业公司的强大老板们交往。在他们的要求下，国王走遍全球，鼓励移民来种植糖田工作。
In 1875, Kala Kawa signed a free trade agreement with the United States, known as the Resiprocity Treaty, which eliminated taxes on Hawaiian sugar. The treaty also allowed the U.S. Navy to use a lagoon west of Honolulu called Pearl Harbor to anchor, refuel, and repair its ships. Many native Hawaiians and their legislators opposed the American naval presence at Pearl Harbor, as well as the broader influx of American citizens that had increased in the first years of Kala Kawa's reign.
在1875年，卡拉卡瓦与美国签署了一项自由贸易协定，称为相互关系条约，这消除了对夏威夷糖的税收。该条约还允许美国海军使用位于檀香山西部的珍珠港来锚定、加油和修理其舰船。许多夏威夷土著人和他们的立法者反对美国海军在珍珠港的存在，以及在卡拉卡瓦统治的最初几年增加的更广泛的美国公民涌入。
Hawaiians called these white outsiders Howley, and many worried as they began to exert more influence at time-seeming to challenge the independence of the Maraki itself. One of the leaders of the so-called Howley was a son of Christian missionaries named Lauren Thurston. Thurston was born and raised in Hawaii and became a prominent lawyer and legislator, closely tied to the sugarbearers.
夏威夷人称这些白人外来者为Howley。随着他们的影响力越来越大，许多人开始感到担忧，似乎挑战了玛拉基本身的独立性。所谓的Howley领袖之一是基督教传教士的儿子劳伦·瑟斯顿。瑟斯顿出生并在夏威夷长大，成为一名知名的律师和立法者，与糖业巨头密切联系。
Deeply conservative in his politics, Thurston headed the missionary party, founded by descendants of the missionary families. By 1887, Thurston also helped organize a secret group of white business leaders known as the Hawaiian League. This group opposed many of King Kala Kawa's policies and began scheming to depose him and take more control of Hawaii's government.
翻译：瑟斯顿在政治上非常保守，领导了由传教士家族后裔创立的传教士党。到1887年，瑟斯顿还帮助组织了一个名为夏威夷同盟的白人商业领袖秘密团体。这个团体反对卡拉卡瓦国王的许多政策，并开始策划废黜他并控制夏威夷政府。
In June of that year, Thurston drafted a proposed new constitution, one that would strip power from the Maraki in favor of Thurston and his allies and then demanded that the King sign it. King's Hawaiian League was backed by an all-white volunteer militia called the Honolulu Rivals. The King knew the militia might be called into action if he resisted.
那年六月，瑟斯顿起草了一份拟议的新宪法，旨在剥夺玛拉基的权力，支持瑟斯顿及其盟友，然后要求国王签署。国王的夏威夷联盟得到了一个名为檀香山竞争者的全白色志愿军的支持。国王知道如果他抵抗，这支军队可能会被召集行动。
And so reluctantly, he gave in and signed what came to be known as the Bayonet Constitution. So called, because Kala Kawa had apparently consented to it only at gunpoint. This new charter shifted power into the hands of the legislature, which was increasingly controlled by American and European business interests. He eliminated the King's veto power and his ability to appoint members to the legislature, reducing him to a mere figurehead.
于是他在不情愿的情况下妥协了，签署了后来被称为刺刀宪法的文件。所谓刺刀宪法，是因为卡拉卡瓦据说只是在枪口威逼下才同意签署的。这个新的宪章将权力移交给了由美国和欧洲商业利益控制的议会。他取消了国王的否决权和任命议员的权力，使他沦为一个无足轻重的名义上的领袖。
It also established land ownership requirements in order to vote or hold legislative office, which disenfranchised many native Hawaiians while granting foreign landowners like Thurston's Hawaiian League the right to vote. And then, after the signing of the new constitution, in a weakened political position, Kala Kawa made more concessions. He agreed to add Thurston to his cabinet as interior minister, and in late 1887, he reluctantly signed a new treaty that gave the US an exclusive lease to Pearl Harbor. The Kingdom of Hawaii seemed to be in the throes of a hostile takeover.
这也规定了投票或担任立法职务的土地所有权要求，使许多夏威夷土著失去了选举权，同时赋予像瑟斯顿的夏威夷联盟这样的外国土地所有者投票权。在签署新宪法后，卡拉卡瓦处于虚弱的政治地位，他做出了更多的妥协。他同意将瑟斯顿加入内阁担任内政部长，1887年末，他不情愿地签署了一个新条约，将珍珠港的独家租赁权交给了美国。夏威夷王国似乎正在被敌意接管。
Apollonets and loyalists alike, alarmed by King Kala Kawa's ineffectual leadership, urged him to abdicate, but the Mary Monarch clung to what remained of his dwindling power base. Then in 1890, the King's health began failing. His family's wishes he decided to travel to California, hoping the mild climate there would help him recover. But instead, his condition only got worse.
阿波罗網民和忠诚者都对卡拉卡瓦国王无能的领导感到警惕，敦促他退位，但玛丽君主依附于他消减的权力基础。然后在1890年，国王的健康开始恶化。他的家人希望他能去加利福尼亚旅行，希望那里温和的气候能帮助他康复。但相反，他的情况只变得更糟。
Imagine it's January 16, 1891. You are the manager of the Pacific phonograph company, which markets and sells an exciting recent invention, Thomas Edison's Wax-Cylinder recording machines. Today, you're at the Palace Hotel in San Francisco, not far from your office. You're here, though, to meet with Hawaii's King, David Kala Kawa, who's on an extended visit to California.
假设现在是1891年1月16日。你是太平洋留声机公司的经理，负责市场和销售富有创新精神的新发明：托马斯•爱迪生的蜡柱录音机。今天，你在旧金山宫殿酒店，离你的办公室不远。然而你这次是来会见正在加利福尼亚州进行长途访问的夏威夷国王大卫•卡拉卡瓦。
You plan to give the King a demonstration of Edison's cutting-edge technology and maybe capture the King's voice for posterity. He recently suffered a stroke, and when you find him, he's in bed, propped up by pillows. Working quickly, you explain the machine as you set up a Wax-Recording Cylinder in place and adjust the cone-shaped mouthpiece.
你计划向国王展示爱迪生先进的技术，并可能录下国王的声音留作纪念。他最近患了中风，当你找到他时，他在床上靠枕头支撑身体。你迅速行动，安装了一个蜡制录音圆筒，并调整了锥形口音器，一边解释着这台机器的使用方法。
Your majesty, this is the greatest achievement of Edison's inventive genius. You speak into this cone, loudly if you can, and your people will be able to hear your words many years from now. What, what would I say? Well, perhaps you could tell a story about your visit to California. I'm quite tired.
陛下，这是爱迪生发明精神最伟大的成就。您向这个圆锥形物体大声说话，您的子民很多年后就能听到您的话。我该说些什么呢？也许您可以讲述您访问加利福尼亚的故事。我很累了。
Let's do a trial run, just a few words, and then more when I'm feeling better. I'm nodding and turn the hand crank on the machine, and the Wax-Cylinder begins to spin. King sits up and leans forward, and you motion for him to speak into the funnel-shaped receiver. Aloha Kawa. Aloha Kawa. The King's next few words are also in Hawaiian. They make no sense to you, but you're sure his people will understand.
让我们先试运转一下，只需要说几个词，等我感觉好些再多说。我点头，转动机器的手摇，蜡圆筒开始旋转。国王坐起身，向前倾身，你示意他对着漏斗状的接收器说话。阿洛哈卡瓦。阿洛哈卡瓦。国王接下来说的几句话也是夏威夷语。你听不懂，但你相信他的人民会明白的。
And then thankfully, he switches to English. We greet each other. Here we are in California. We'll soon be leaving here to return to my people back home to Hawaii. This magical machine is recording my voice, and my people will one day hear what I have said. You encourage the King to keep speaking, but he does seem exhausted. He manages a few more words in Hawaiian before switching back again to English. I am a man who is seriously ill. Please. Tell my people I've tried.
然后值得庆幸的是，他转换成了英语。我们互相问候。我们在加利福尼亚。我们很快就要离开这里回到我在夏威夷的家乡。这个神奇的机器正在记录我的声音，我的人民将来会听到我说的话。你鼓励国王继续讲话，但他似乎很疲惫。他用夏威夷语说了几句话，然后又转换成英语。我是一个身患重病的人。请。告诉我的人民我已经尽力了。
The King then lays back in bed. His eyes flutter and he appears to drift off. One of his assistants asks you to pack up the machine and leave. Because you put everything away, looking the King, almost perfectly still in bed, you can tell he is gravely ill. You wonder if you've just recorded the King of Hawaii's final words. On January 18, 1891, while staying at the Palis Hotel in San Francisco, King David Kala Kawa slipped into a coma. Two days later, he died. He was only 54 years old. Hawaiians wouldn't learn of the Mary Monarch's death until January 29, when a US naval cruiser, the USS Charleston, arrived at Honolulu Harbor carrying his remains.
国王随后躺回床上。他的眼睛闪烁着，似乎在入睡。他的一位助手让你收拾机器走人。由于你已经把一切东西都收拾起来了，所以你可以看到躺在床上的国王几乎一动不动，你能感受到他病得很重。你想知道自己是否刚刚录下了夏威夷国王的临终之言。在1891年1月18日，国王大卫·卡拉·卡瓦在旧金山的帕利斯酒店陷入昏迷。两天后，他去世了。他才54岁。直到1月29日，美国海军巡洋舰“查尔斯顿号”运载着他的遗体抵达檀香山港口时，夏威夷人才得知“玛丽皇后”的去世。
Four years, the men of big sugar had conspired to reduce the King's power and manipulate Hawaii's laws to support the sugar industry. Kala Kawa had been friendly to US sugar concerns, but these men had long viewed the monarchy itself as an obstacle. They didn't want to have to deal with a new king, and they had little interest in protecting the rights of his subjects.
四年来，大糖厂的人一直密谋着削弱国王的权力，并操纵夏威夷的法律来支持糖业。卡拉·卡瓦一直对美国糖业关切友好，但这些人长期以来一直把君主制本身视为一个障碍。他们不想要处理一个新国王，并且对保护他的臣民权利几乎没有兴趣。
So when Kala Kawa died, the sugar barons and their allies saw an opening. They may have controlled much of the King's business and trade, but they did not fully control the government. Not yet. But the sugar barons soon realized that they faced a formidable new opponent. With the King's death, his sister, Liliokolani, ascended to the throne, and from the start, the new queen let it be known that she would not be a pawn to big sugar.
当卡拉卡瓦去世时，糖业大亨及其盟友看到了机会。他们可能控制了国王的很多商业和贸易，但他们尚未完全控制政府。但是糖业大亨很快意识到他们面临一个强大的新对手。随着国王的去世，他的妹妹莉莉欧科拉尼登上了王位，从一开始，新女王便宣布她不会成为大糖的棋子。
One of her first acts was to request the resignation of her brother's cabinet. After that, she planned to strengthen the power of the monarchy and restore voting rights to Native Hawaiians, who had begun petitioning the queen to replace the bayonet constitution. Hawaii for Hawaiians became a rallying cry. The new queen became a force for change and an advocate for her people above all else. She had long felt that her brother had been too friendly with the sugar barons and men like Lauren Thurston, so she began working to reverse many of his decisions and policies.
她最初的行动之一是要求她的兄弟内阁辞职。接着，她计划要加强君主制的权力，并恢复原住民夏威夷人的选举权，他们开始请愿女王取代刺刀宪法。夏威夷人的夏威夷，成为了一个集结号。新女王成为了变革的力量，她以上人民的利益为首要任务。她一直觉得她的兄弟与糖业巨头和劳伦·瑟士通这样的人关系过于密切，因此她开始努力撤回他做过的很多决定和政策。
This was an alarming turn of events for Thurston's Hawaiian League and the big five sugar businesses. Growing concerned, they believed that he was now time to put it in to Hawaii's outdated monarchy, even if doing so would require a revolution.
这对瑟斯顿的夏威夷联盟和五大糖业企业来说，是一个令人震惊的事件转折。感到担忧的他们认为，现在是时候结束夏威夷过时的君主制度了，即使这需要发动一场革命。
In 1892, Hawaii Sugar Base Economy took a sharp downturn. A year earlier, the McKinley Act had gone into effect. This policy eliminated tariffs on sugar imports into the United States from other countries and provided financial support for U.S. sugar manufacturers, bringing an end to the advantage Hawaii Sugar exporters had enjoyed since the reciprocity treaty of 1875. And as Hawaii's economy entered a depression, the executives of big sugar became convinced that controlling the legislature was not enough.
1892年，夏威夷的糖基经济急剧下滑。一年前，麦金利法案已经生效。这项政策取消了从其他国家进口糖的关税，并为美国糖业提供了财政支持，结束了夏威夷糖业出口商自1875年互惠条约以来所享有的优势。随着夏威夷经济进入萧条，大型糖业高管们开始确信仅仅控制立法机构是不够的。
I play Margaret McMannis, the formidable leader of a small band of vampires, living below the streets of 1978 New York City. Jack Kilmer plays Arnourator, Joey Peacock, an irreverent, eternally young 19-year-old with some discipline problems. Despite their differences, Margaret has managed to keep Joey and the rest of her unconventional families safe for decades, until one night when they find three little kid vampires and Margaret's world is turned upside down forever. You can listen to the lesser dead, ad-free and exclusively on Wondry Plus. Join Wondry Plus in the Wondry app or on Apple Podcasts.
我扮演玛格丽特·麦克曼尼斯，一小群吸血鬼的可怕领袖，他们居住在1978年的纽约街道下面。杰克·基尔默扮演阿诺乌托尔，乔伊·皮科克则饰演一个不敬、永远年轻的19岁少年，有些纪律问题。尽管他们之间存在巨大差异，但玛格丽特已经成功地让乔伊和她不寻常的家庭成员们安全生活了几十年，直到有一天晚上他们发现了三个小吸血鬼孩子，这一切都改变了。你可以在Wondry Plus上无广告、独家收听《较小的死》。加入Wondry Plus在Wondry应用程序或苹果播客上。
Meet Jill Evans. Jill's got it all, a big house, fast car, two kids in a great career, but Jill has a problem. When it comes to love, Jill can never seem to get things right. And then along comes Dean. I can't believe my luck! Whoa, I hit the jackpot! It looks like they're going to live happily ever after, but on Halloween night, things get a little gruesome.
见到吉尔·埃文斯。吉尔拥有一切，一幢大房子，一辆快车，两个在事业上很出色的孩子，但吉尔有个问题。当涉及到爱情时，吉尔似乎总是无法搞定。然后代恩出现了。我简直不敢相信我的运气！哇，我中了头奖！看起来他们将会幸福地生活在一起，但在万圣节晚上，事情变得有点恐怖。
This is where the shooting happened outside a building society in New Romney. It's thought the 42-year-old victim was killed after he opened fire on police. And Jill's life is changed forever. From Wondry and Novel comes Stolen Hearts, a story about a cop who falls in love with a man who is not all he seems to be. No Stolen Hearts, wherever you get your podcasts, you could binge the entire series, add free, on Amazon Music. Download the Amazon Music app now.
这就是在新罗姆尼的一个建筑协会外发生枪击事件的地方。据信，这位42岁的受害者在向警察开枪后被杀了。同时，吉尔的生活永久改变了。Wondry和Novel推出了《被盗的心》，讲述了一个警察爱上了一个看似并非真正自己的男人的故事。在任何地方收听无广告的《被盗的心》，都能在Amazon Music上 binge 整个系列。现在下载Amazon Music应用程序。
They decided the best way to save their industry was to get rid of Queen Lillio Colony, who had fought them at every turn, and the best way to ouster was to arrange for Hawaii to be annexed by the United States. So in 1892, the Hawaiian League reformed under a bolder name, one that clearly stated their aim, the annexation club. Their most vocal leader was still Lauren Thurston, the ringleader behind the bayonet constitution. And in March 1892, Thurston traveled to Washington, D.C. to gain support for his plan to annex Hawaii by force if necessary.
他们决定拯救他们的产业的最佳方式是摆脱一直与他们作对的Lillio Queen Colony，而最好的逐出方法是安排夏威夷被美国吞并。因此，在1892年，夏威夷同盟会改组成一个更大胆的名字，一个清楚陈述他们目标的名字，即吞并俱乐部。他们最有声望的领袖仍然是劳伦·瑟斯顿，是负责制定军事政权宪法的头目。于是，在1892年3月，瑟斯顿前往华盛顿特区，争取他的计划，即如有必要，通过武力吞并夏威夷。
He was well known in Washington and had the ear of powerful men in the capital. He received encouragement from the Secretary of the Navy and indirectly from President Benjamin Harrison, who declined to meet with Thurston in person, but sent an aide to let him know that the administration was sympathetic to his cause. Later that year, in late 1892, having learned of Thurston's efforts, one of the Queen's advisors warned her by letter, the enemy is in the household.
他在华盛顿很有名，获得了首都强大的男子们的支持。海军部长鼓励他，而总统本杰明·哈里森虽然拒绝亲自会见瑟斯顿，但派遣一名助手表示政府对他的事业持同情态度。同年晚些时候，即1892年末，当女王的一名顾问得知瑟斯顿的努力后，通过信件向女王发出警告，敌人已在家中。
On January 12, 1893, in an effort to protect the embattled monarchy, Lili Okalani dismissed the entire legislature, which had completed its term. She then secretly drafted a new constitution to replace the bayonet constitution her brother had signed under duress. The terms of this new constitution would change voter eligibility requirements, restoring voting rights to Native Hawaiians and even enfranchising Asian immigrant laborers for the first time. Each change she felt would reduce the power of Thurston and his white allies and give her more political clout to continue advancing her Hawaii for Hawaiians agenda.
1893年1月12日，为保护遭到攻击的君主制度，莉莉·奥卡兰尼解散了已经完成任期的整个立法机关。她随后秘密起草了一份新宪法，以代替她的兄弟在强迫下签署的“刺刀宪法”。这份新宪法的条款将改变选民资格要求，恢复原住民夏威夷人的投票权，并首次赋予亚裔移民劳工投票权。每一项变革都会减少瑟斯顿及其白人盟友的权力，并赋予她更多的政治影响力，以继续推动她的夏威夷人为夏威夷而努力的议程。
Next, Lili Okalani replaced her cabinet ministers with four men she hoped would be more amenable to her plans, including two with Hawaiian ancestry. On January 14, she met with these new ministers and insisted that they either sign the new constitution or resign. She had wanted to announce the new signed constitution that afternoon from the balcony of EO Galani Palace. But Thurston and his allies had caught wind of this new constitution and pressured her ministers not to sign it.
接下来，莉莉·奥卡兰尼用四个人替换了她的内阁大臣，希望他们更愿意支持她的计划，包括两个具有夏威夷血统的人。1月14日，她与这些新部长会面，并要求他们要么签署新宪法，要么辞职。她原本希望在EO Galani Palace的阳台上宣布新签署的宪法，但瑟斯顿和他的盟友已经得知了这个新宪法，并向她的部长施加压力，不要签署它。
When the queen threatened to appoint a new cabinet that would, all but one of her ministers walked out. The fourth, a plantation owner with Hawaiian ancestry named Sam Parker, commenced the queen to delay her plans in the hopes of avoiding reprisals from the annexation club. Lili Okalani appeared on the balcony that afternoon and told the crowd of supporters that obstacles had arisen, but she would soon deliver a new constitution. Thurston and his allies were not going to let that happen.
当女王威胁要任命一个新的内阁时，除了其中一个部长，其余全部辞职了。第四个是一个拥有夏威夷血统的种植园主名叫萨姆·帕克，在防止被吞并俱乐部的报复之前，要求女王推迟她的计划。那天下午，莉莉·奥卡兰尼出现在阳台上，告诉支持者们出现了障碍，但她很快就会传达一份新宪法。瑟斯顿和他的盟友们不会让这种事情发生。
That very night members of the annexation club met and renamed themselves yet again, this time to the committee of safety. They were convinced the queen was acting recklessly, that their lives and property were in peril, and it was time to take matters into their own hands. Thurston worked late into the night to draft documents and create a new provisional government for Hawaii. Lili and his committee called on allies to gather for a mass meeting at the downtown armory on Monday, January 16th, to air their grievances against the queen.
那晚，吞并俱乐部的成员聚会，并再次更名为“安全委员会”。他们相信女王的行为有失分寸，他们的生命和财产处于危险之中，是时候采取行动了。瑟斯顿一直工作到深夜，起草文件并创建了夏威夷的新的临时政府。利利和他的委员会呼吁盟友于1月16日星期一在市中心武库集会，抗议女王的错误行为。
Meanwhile, the queen's supporters urged her to declare martial law and arrest her opposition. But the committee of safety had enlisted help. They were now backed by US armed forces on the naval ship, the USS Boston, anchored in Honolulu Harbor. The showdown seemed imminent. Imagine it's January 16th, 1893. Two days after Queen Liliokolani replaced her entire cabinet and introduced a controversial new constitution. She threatened to enact it by royal fiat bypassing her cabinet and the legislature.
与此同时，女王的支持者们敦促她宣布戒严并逮捕反对派。但安全委员会已经寻求帮助。他们现在得到了美国武装部队的支持，这些军队在停泊在檀香山港口的海军船上——USS波士顿号。决斗似乎不可避免。想象一下，现在是1893年1月16日，女王莉莉乌·卡拉尼刚刚更换了她的整个内阁，并提出了一个备受争议的新宪法。她威胁要通过皇家法令来实施，绕过她的内阁和立法机构。
You and other members of the committee of safety are determined to stop her, but you're worried things are moving too fast. A crowd has gathered inside the armory in downtown Honolulu, waiting for you and other members of the committee to address them. You've been encouraging the committee to proceed with patience and moderation, but neither interests Lauren Thurston, who desperately wants the committee of safety to depose the queen.
你和安全委员会的其他成员都决心阻止她，但你担心事情进展得太快了。一群人聚集在位于檀香山市中心的军械库内，等待你和安全委员会的其他成员向他们发表讲话。你一直在鼓励委员会保持耐心和温和，但对劳伦·瑟斯顿来说，这两者都不是她迫切希望安全委员会罢黜女王的关注点。
Knowing you're an obstacle to his plans, Thurston corners you and pokes a skinny finger into your chest. You hear that grumbling crowd out there? That is the sound of progress my friend. Those people want a new regime and we can give it to them tonight.
Thurston觉得你妨碍了他的计划，于是把你逼到角落，用瘦瘦的手指戳着你的胸口。你听到外面那嘟哝的人群了吗？那是进步的声音，我的朋友。那些人想要一个新的政权，今晚我们可以给他们。
I agree that it might be time for change, but there are constitutional steps we can take to achieve that. We don't need to escalate an already risky situation. Constitutional steps. What the queen has done is the opposite. It's downright treasonous. The conservative members of the committee want a representative and responsible government, not this tyranny.
我同意可能是时候改变了，但我们可以采取宪法步骤来实现这一点。我们不需要将已经存在风险的局势升级。宪法步骤。女王所做的正相反。这是彻头彻尾的叛国行为。委员会的保守成员想要代表性和负责任的政府，而不是这种暴政。
Inside the armory, the crowd has grown larger and louder. They're eager for Thurston's upcoming speech. Now I still think cooler heads can prevail here Lauren. Let me address the crowd first. I believe I can make a case for negotiating with the queen. I'll shout you off the stage.
军器库里，人群越来越多，越发喧闹。他们热切期待着瑟斯顿即将发表的讲话。劳伦，我仍然认为在这里冷静的头脑可以取胜。让我先面对人群。我相信我可以就与女王进行谈判的重要性提出论据。我会把你从舞台上赶下来的。
No, no, no. The time for negotiating has passed. We must stand firm and protect America's interests in Hawaii. It's time to act. But if that action ends in bloodshed, just think about what the instability could do to our businesses. No, it's the queen who's unstable. She's violated her overvolves. And unless radical measures are taken, she will continue to ride roughshod over our liberties.
不，不，不，谈判的时间已经过去了。我们必须站稳脚跟，保护美国在夏威夷的利益。现在是采取行动的时候了。但是如果这种行动导致流血，就要考虑到不稳定会对我们的生意造成什么影响。不，不稳定的是女王。她违反了她的职责。除非采取激进的措施，否则她将继续践踏我们的自由。
Well, what would you have us do? Is that a thing in the Marines? Yes, yes, that's precisely what we should do. I've already discussed it with Stevens and he agreed to have the Marines ready to go. What? If you understand if you do this, there's no turning back. I understand perfectly. Last Saturday, the sun rose on a peaceful and smiling city, but today it does not. And whose fault is that? Queen and no one else's. So for the sake of all Hawaiians, she has to go.
那么，你想让我们做什么？海军陆战队里有这种事吗？是的，没错，那正是我们应该做的。我已经和史蒂文斯商量过了，他同意让海军陆战队准备出发。什么？如果你这样做了，就没有回头路了。我完全明白。上个星期六，太阳升起在一个平静而微笑的城市，但现在不是这样了。这是谁的错？皇后，没有别人。所以，为了所有夏威夷人的利益，她必须走。
You realize it's no use. Houston loves his rhetoric and his mind is made up. Nothing you can say will sway him so you fold your arms and stand down. And watch as he struts on to stage to cheers and chance of more than a thousand people, all hungry to bring an end to Hawaiian's self-rule.
你意识到这毫无用处。休斯顿喜欢他的华丽辞藻，且他已经下定决心了。你说什么都无法改变他的想法，于是你只好双臂交叉，默默退出。你看着他昂首阔步走上台，听着一千多人欢呼和呐喊，他们都渴望结束夏威夷的自治。
The afternoon and evening of January 16, 1893 was a turning point in Hawai'i's history. At their rally at the downtown armory, members of the Committee of Safety whipped the crowd into a frenzy. Lauren Thurston claimed the Queen's actions would destroy us all. Men like Henry Baldwin, a one-armed sugar man from Maui, recommended moderation, but were shouted down.
1893年1月16日的下午和晚上是夏威夷历史的转折点。在市中心军械库的集会上，安全委员会成员煽动了人群。劳伦·瑟斯顿声称女王的行动会毁灭我们所有人。像一只来自毛伊岛的糖商，亨利·鲍德温这样的人建议适度，但他们被喊叫了下来。
Into the escalating tension stepped another player. John Stevens, the U.S. minister to Hawai'i, a pastor and former newspaper man from Maine, Stevens had been appointed to the State Department role in 1889 by an old friend who now happened to be president Harrison's secretary of state. During his tenure, Stevens had aligned himself with white businessmen like Thurston and had openly voiced his support for annexation. He did not hide his disdain for the monarchy.
局势升温时，又有一位参与者进入了场景。约翰·史蒂文斯（John Stevens）是美国驻夏威夷公使，来自缅因州的一位牧师和前报社编辑，由于一个老朋友恰好当时担任哈里森总统的国务卿，他于1889年被任命到这个国务部门。在任期间，史蒂文斯与像瑟斯顿这样的白人商人结盟，公开表达了他对吞并夏威夷的支持。他也没有掩饰他对君主制的鄙视。
Even so, the Queen now appealed to Stevens, offering to back down from her pursuit of a new constitution and uphold the current one. In return, though, she wanted Stevens to protect her and her government. Stevens declined. Acting on his own authority but convinced the State Department would support him, he decided to decide with Thurston and the Committee of Safety.
即便如此，女王现在向史蒂文斯提出上诉，表示愿意放弃追求新宪法并维护现行宪法。然而，她希望史蒂文斯能保护她和她的政府。史蒂文斯拒绝了。他凭借自己的权威行事，但相信国务院会支持他，他决定与瑟斯顿和安全委员会一起决定。
Stevens agreed to commit armed Marines from the U.S.S. Boston, a naval cruiser stationed at Honolulu Harbor. On the afternoon of the 16th, Stevens sent a letter to the commander of the cruiser, ordering the Marines and sailors on board to Kamashore to secure the safety of American life and property. At 5 p.m. that day, four boats delivered platoons totaling 164 men to the Honolulu waterfront. As with rifles and machine guns, they marched uphill toward the Royal Palace.
史蒂文斯同意调遣位于檀香山港口的海军巡洋舰波士顿号上的武装海军陆战队员。16日下午，史蒂文斯向该巡洋舰的指挥官发送了一封信，命令舰上的海军陆战队员和水手前往卡马岸确保美国人的生命和财产安全。当天下午5点，四艘小船将共164名陆战队员送到檀香山海滨。带着步枪和机枪，他们向皇家宫殿的山坡上 marched。
The unpaid streets of downtown were nearly deserted. The Queen stood on the balcony and watched the men from the U.S.S. Boston approach information. A drummer kept a steady beat and trumpets blared until just below the Queen's balcony, the Marines stopped and raised their rifles. The parade was designed to look like a royal tribute, but the Queen saw for what it was, an armed threat.
市中心的未铺设的街道几乎被遗弃了。女王站在阳台上，看着来自美国波士顿号的士兵们接近情报。一个鼓手不停地敲打着鼓点，小号吹响着喇叭，直到海军陆战队员们停在女王阳台下，举起了步枪。这场游行被设计成一次皇家致敬，但女王看出了它的真正本质，一个带有武装威胁的表演。
And while both Stevens and Thurston took to their beds that evening, claiming illness and refusing to see any visitors, from bed Thurston began dictating the draft of a proclamation that would abolish the monarchy and create a new government.
当晚，史蒂文斯和瑟斯顿两人都病倒了，并拒绝接见任何访客。但是，瑟斯顿躺在床上开始口授一份废除君主制、建立新政府宣言的草稿。
Other members of the Committee of Safety visited the home of Sanford Dull, another descendant of missionaries who would help draft the bayonet constitution back in 1887 and was then serving as a justice on Hawaii's Supreme Court. They asked Dull to become president of a new provisional government.
安全委员会的其他成员拜访了桑福德·达尔的家，他是传教士的后代，曾在1887年帮助起草了刺刀宪法，并当时在夏威夷最高法院担任法官。他们请达尔成为新临时政府的总统。
Dull had worked closely with the Queen and her brother before and was seen as a more moderate choice of leader than the fiery Thurston. Dull initially declined the offer, but the next day he visited John Stevens who encouraged him to embrace the position as a great opportunity. After that conversation with Stevens, Sanford Dull agreed to serve as president of Hawaii.
Dull 曾与女王与她的兄弟密切合作，被视为比热情激烈的 Thursto 更温和的领导人选。Dull 最初拒绝了这个职位的提议，但第二天他拜访了约翰·史蒂文斯，后者鼓励他将其作为一个巨大的机会来接受这个职位。在与史蒂文斯的谈话之后，桑福德·达尔同意担任夏威夷总统。
And later that morning, a representative from the Committee of Safety read Thurston's proclamation from the steps of the building that was home to the Kingdom of Hawaii's legislative offices and courts. Proclamation called for abolishing Hawaii's monarchy and replacing it with a provisional government.
那天早上稍后，安全委员会的代表在夏威夷王国立法办公室和法院所在的建筑物台阶上宣读了瑟斯顿的公告。公告要求废除夏威夷王朝，并建立临时政府来代替。
Again, from bed, Stevens authorized the new government in a letter to his superiors at the State Department, writing, the Hawaiian pair is now fully ripe, and this is the golden hour for the United States to pluck it.
再次从床上，史蒂文斯在一封给国务院上级的信中授权新政府，写道，夏威夷现在已经完全成熟了，这是美国摘取的黄金时刻。
As soon as the new government took over, Dull declared martial law and the U.S. flag was raised over government buildings. From Washington, D.C., outgoing U.S. president Benjamin Harrison supported the bloodless coup and seeing that resistance would only lead to bloodshed and perhaps her own death, the Queen surrendered to what she called the superior force of the United States of America.
当新政府接管后，达尔宣布了戒严；美国旗帜悬挂在政府建筑上。来自华盛顿特区的即将离任的美国总统本杰明·哈里森支持这场非流血政变；因为她明白抵抗只会导致流血，甚至可能会导致自己的死亡，女王向所谓的强大的美利坚合众国力量投降了。
But Queen Lili Okalani was not willing to go quietly. Though she agreed to vacate the palace, she refused to abdicate and refused to recognize the provisional government or Dull's leadership. In a statement of protest delivered to Dull on the night of January 17th, the Queen said she was not done fighting and insisted that Dull's leadership was temporary.
但是莉莉·奥卡兰尼女王并不愿意默默无声地离开。尽管她同意离开宫殿，但她拒绝退位，并拒绝承认临时政府或达尔的领导地位。在1月17日晚上提交给达尔的抗议声明中，女王表达了她仍在斗争的立场，并坚称达尔的领导是暂时的。
She believed that once officials in Washington learned the facts and the world came to her defense, the coup would be overturned and she would be reinstated as the rightful sovereign of her land and people. Queen Lili Okalani was placing her hopes on the global community and on the incoming Democratic president, Grover Cleveland, believing that the fate of her kingdom hung in the balance.
她相信，华盛顿的官员一旦了解了事实，世界上的人们都为她辩护，政变将被推翻，她将恢复其国家和人民的合法统治者的地位。莉莉·奥卡兰尼女王将她的希望寄托在全球社区和即将上任的民主党总统格罗弗·克利夫兰身上，相信她的王国的命运悬在一线。
In the weeks after the bloodless coup, critics in the American press condemned the takeover and questioned the legitimacy of the new Hawaiian government. The New York Times called the coup a shameful conspiracy and the political crime of the century. The Omaha World Herald called it a mighty injustice to the natives.
在无流血政变之后的几周里，美国媒体的评论家谴责了政变，并质疑夏威夷新政府的合法性。纽约时报称政变是一起可耻的阴谋和本世纪的政治犯罪。奥马哈世界先驱称其是对土著人民的莫大不公。
But internationally, most countries with diplomatic ties to the U.S. recognized the takeover. Lauren Thurston and other business leaders wasted no time, traveling to Washington to lobby Congress and President Harrison to take the next step in annex Hawaii.
但从国际上来看，与美国有外交关系的大多数国家都认可了夏威夷的接管。劳伦·瑟斯顿和其他商业领袖没有浪费时间，前往华盛顿游说国会和总统哈里森采取下一步合并夏威夷。
On February 14, 1893, less than a month after the coup, outgoing President Harrison complied, signing a treaty of annexation which he submitted to the Senate. But Harrison's successor Grover Cleveland had no intention of seeing the treaty through.
在1893年2月14日，政变不到一个月，前总统哈里森顺从地签署了一份并吞条约并提交给参议院。但哈里森的继任者格罗弗·克利夫兰并没有打算推动这份条约通过。
He had already served one term as President before Harrison, during which time he had maintained friendly relations with the Hawaiian monarchy. In 1887, he had welcomed then-princess Lili Okalani to the White House. He lost his reelection bid to Harrison in 1888. Cleveland ran again though in 1892, this time defeating his Republican rival.
他在哈里森之前已经当过一届总统，在任期间他一直与夏威夷王室保持友好关系。1887年，他欢迎了时任太子妃莉莉·奥卡拉尼来到白宫。他在1888年竞选连任中输给了哈里森。但他在1892年再次参选，并成功击败了共和党对手。
An anti-imperialist Cleveland was vocally critical of the coup in Hawaii, which he later called an act of war. So shortly after returning to the presidency on March 4, 1893, Cleveland withdrew the treaty of annexation. He also dismissed John Stevens as minister to Hawaii and recalled him to Washington.
克利夫兰是一个反帝国主义者，对夏威夷的政变公开发表了批评，他后来称之为一种战争行为。所以在1893年3月4日重返总统职位后不久，克利夫兰撤回了并吞夏威夷的条约。他还解雇了约翰·史蒂文斯担任夏威夷的大臣，并召回他返回华盛顿。
Cleveland then assigned James Blunt, a former congressman from Georgia, to visit Honolulu and investigate the situation. In July, Blunt submitted a scathing report to the president. His findings declared that a deep wrong had been done, that John Stevens and the military had abused their authority and that the Queen should be reinstated.
克利夫兰总统随后安排了前来自佐治亚州的国会议员詹姆斯·布朗特访问檀香山并调查当时的情况。7月，布朗特向总统递交了一份猛烈批评的报告。报告指出，当时发生了严重的错误，约翰·史蒂文斯和军方滥用了权力，应该恢复女王的地位。
Cleveland concurred. He called the coup an embarrassment and said the US should take steps to repair the monarchy, but attempts at reconciliation failed when Queen Liliokalani stubbornly declined to offer amnesty to Thurston and other members responsible for the coup.
克利夫兰表示同意。他称政变是一件令人尴尬的事，表示美国应采取措施修复君主制度，不过，当女王莉莉乌卡兰尼固执地拒绝赦免瑟斯顿和其他责任人时，和解尝试失败了。
Later that year, in late 1893, President Cleveland sent former Kentucky Congressman Albert Willis to serve as the new minister to Hawaii. In meetings with Willis, the deposed Queen suggested that the men responsible for the takeover were guilty of treason and deserve death, not amnesty.
那一年晚些时候，即1893年末，克利夫兰总统派前肯塔基州众议员艾伯特·威利斯担任夏威夷的新任部长。被废黜的女王在与威利斯的会谈中建议，夺权负责人应被视为叛逆罪犯，应受死刑，而不是赦免。
According to Willis, the Queen went so far as to suggest that men like Thurston should be beheaded. Faced with the Queen's refusal to grant amnesty, Cleveland grew reluctant to further a restoration of the monarchy and referred the matter to Congress which had issued a report in 1894 that refuted James Blunt's findings and exonerated Stevens and the others.
威利斯表示，女王甚至提出像瑟斯顿这样的男人应该被斩首。面对女王拒绝赦免的态度，克利夫兰渐渐不愿再推进君主制的恢复，并将此事提交给国会，国会在1894年发布报告，驳斥了詹姆斯·布朗特的发现并证明了史蒂文斯和其他人的清白。
So on July 4, 1894, the Senate passed a resolution that opposed restoring the Queen to power and supported the new government which was still being led by Sanford-Doll. The Senate chose not to pursue formal annexation at the time, but its inaction in restoring the Queen effectively created the Republic of Hawaii led by Sanford-Doll.
因此，1894年7月4日，参议院通过了一项决议，反对恢复女王的权力，支持由桑福德·多尔领导的新政府。当时参议院选择不追求正式的合并，但是它未能恢复女王的地位，从实际上有效地建立了由桑福德·多尔领导的夏威夷共和国。
Then in January of 1895, a group of roughly 200 armed men loyal to the Queen attempted to retake control of the islands by force. They were quickly disarmed by policemen and volunteer soldiers loyal to the provisional government and forced to surrender. When Lillial Kalani was accused of supporting the failed rebellion, even though there was no real evidence she played a role in it.
1895年1月，约200名效忠女王的武装人员试图通过武力夺回对岛屿的控制。他们很快被忠于临时政府的警察和志愿士兵缴械并迫使投降。当莉莉亚卡拉尼被指责支持失败的叛乱时，尽管没有确凿证据表明她在其中扮演了任何角色。
Still, she was sentenced to house arrest inside Iolani Palace. Released after eight months, she undertook a tour of the U.S., again lobbying against annexation and seeking support for restoration of her monarchy. But the U.S. was set for another change in leadership.
然而，她被判在伊奥拉尼宫内软禁。在软禁了八个月后，她进行了一次美国之旅，再次游说反对吞并，并寻求恢复她王国的支持。但是，在美国即将进行另一次领导层变革。
In 1897, William McKinley became president and quickly abandoned Grover Cleveland's tentative efforts at reconciliation. McKinley agreed to support Sanford-Doll's request to annex Hawaii, in part because he feared Japan's growing interest in the islands. The Japanese population of Hawaii had risen sharply as Japanese laborers came to work on the sugar plantations.
1897年，威廉·麦金利成为总统，迅速放弃了格罗弗·克利夫兰试图和解的努力。麦金利同意支持桑福德-多尔请求吞并夏威夷的要求，部分原因是他担心日本对该岛的兴趣日益增长。随着日本劳工来到糖厂工作，夏威夷的日本人口急剧增加。
McKinley and others believed Japan had its eye on the Hawaiian islands, and if the U.S. didn't take them, Japan would. So in late 1897, Lillial Kalani was back in the United States, lobbying members of Congress to reinstate her, and she found some sympathetic years. But then, in February of 1898, the U.S.S. main exploded and sank in the harbor of Havana Cuba, killing 267 American sailors and igniting the Spanish-American war.
麦金利和其他人认为日本对夏威夷群岛虎视眈眈，如果美国不掌控这一地区，日本就可能会采取行动。因此，在1897年末，利利亚·卡兰尼回到美国，游说国会议员恢复她的地位，并且找到了一些同情者。但是，1898年2月，美国海军主力舰在古巴哈瓦那港爆炸沉没，导致267名美国水手死亡，引发了西班牙美国战争。
That conflict bolstered the case for annexing Hawaii, which would become an important naval refueling stop between the West Coast and fighting in the Philippines, then still a Spanish colony. With war fever sweeping through the United States, clean Lillial Kalani was running out of options.
那场冲突增强了吞并夏威夷的理由，这将成为西海岸与在菲律宾的战斗之间的重要海军补给站，当时菲律宾仍是西班牙殖民地。战争热情席卷美国，干净的莉莉·卡拉尼已经没有太多选择了。
Imagine it's May 30, 1898, a few months since the start of the Spanish-American war, and you are back in Hawaii where you were born. But it's been a while since you left your home in Oahu to attend school in the States and in the list. Now you're a soldier.
想象一下，现在是1898年5月30日，距离西班牙-美国战争开始已经过去几个月了，你回到了你出生的夏威夷。但是自从你离开故乡大岛去美国上学以来已经有一段时间了。现在你是一名士兵。
On shore leave while your troop carrier, the U.S. has trost and refuels for the rest of the journey to the Philippines. But to welcome you and your fellow servicemen and to wish you well as you head out to fight, it seems like the whole city of Honolulu has closed down and come out into the streets, waving and cheering as you and your fellow soldiers march by.
当你的军队船运载器“美国信托”在加沙波德海军基地休息时，会安排补给和燃油以进行前往菲律宾的余下旅程。为了欢迎你和你的战友们，祝福你们踏上战场，整个檀香山市似乎都关闭了大门，涌到街头高呼欢呼，向你和你的战友们致意。
You turn to another man in your unit who looks to be enjoying the attention. "I can't believe it. I hardly recognize this place. It's gotten so Americanized and what is everyone so excited about? They know we're going to war, right?"
你转向同单位的另一位男士，他似乎正在享受这种关注，“我简直不能相信啊。我几乎认不出这个地方了，变得这么美式化了。而且大家为什么这么兴奋呢？他们知道我们要去打仗了，对不对？”
"You sure are. Remember the main!"
你确实是。记住主要的东西！
"It just doesn't look like Hawaii."
它只是看起来不像夏威夷。
"What do you mean it doesn't look like Hawaii? You're from here, right? Everyone here looks pretty much just like you."
你是说这儿不像夏威夷？你是本地人吧？这里的每个人看起来都和你差不多。
You realize the soldier is right. You were born in Oahu, but you're white, like most everyone in the cheering crowd around you. You wonder where the native Hawaiians are. This isn't Hawaii, like this you're right, because it'll be America soon. An excitation, an excitation.
你意识到那个士兵是对的。你出生在瓦胡岛，但你是白人，就像你周围欢呼的大部分人一样。你不知道原住民夏威夷人在哪里。这不是夏威夷，这一点你是正确的，因为它很快就会成为美国了。有点兴奋，有点兴奋。
"Hey look, I don't know why you're so long. If this isn't Hawaii, then what was all that at the pier yesterday, huh? We arrived to a tropical feast, a big spread. I must have eaten six of those ham sandwiches. I never would have thought of eating ham with pineapple, but that was delicious. And tomorrow, I heard they're sending us off with some Hawaiian ceremony and a flag made by some Hawaiian ladies. Our ship carried the Hawaiian king here when he died back in 91. This isn't Hawaii?"
嘿看着，我不知道为什么你这么长。如果这不是夏威夷，那昨天在码头上那些又是什么呢？我们来到了一个热带盛宴，摆了很多餐点。我必须吃了六个火腿三明治。我从来没想过要用菠萝来吃火腿，但那真的很美味。我听说明天，他们会用夏威夷仪式和由一些夏威夷女士制作的旗帜为我们送行。我们的船在 91 年时曾把夏威夷国王的遗体运回这里。这不是夏威夷吗？
You ignore your fellow soldier and scan the crowd as you march further through the streets of Honolulu. You finally spot a native face, but he quickly turns and heads inside a building, the door shutting tight behind him.
当你在檀香山的街道上行进时，你忽视了你的战友，扫视着人群。最终，你发现了一个本地人的脸，但他很快就转身进入建筑内，门紧紧地关上了。
The Hawaii you remember was vibrant, peaceful and joyful, with men like him and other native Hawaiian mixed-race people, each contributing to Hawaii's unique independence and blend of cultures. But you realize that the sight of you and the other American soldiers in uniform probably just bring back bad memories of the coup. You're a walking, armed reminder of who's in charge of these islands now.
你记忆中的夏威夷是充满活力、和平和快乐的。像他和其他土著夏威夷混血儿一样，每个人都为夏威夷独特的独立和文化融合做出了贡献。但你意识到，你和其他身着制服的美国士兵的出现可能会让人们想起政变的糟糕回忆。你是散步时提醒人们现在谁掌管这些岛屿的武装代表。
No, this isn't Hawaii. President McKinley considered Hawaii a strategic stepping stone, economic and military between the US and Asia. And he felt that annexing Hawaii would keep it out of the hands of Japan.
不，这不是夏威夷。麦金利总统认为夏威夷是美国和亚洲之间的重要战略跳板，具有经济和军事意义。他认为吞并夏威夷可以使其避免落入日本之手。
But at first his efforts to gain congressional support for annexation stalled. That changed when on April 25, 1898 the US declared war on Spain and Commodore George Dewey attacked and defeated the Spanish fleet at Manila Bay in the Philippines. The unexpected victory was a sensation in the press and stoked public support for expanding the war effort.
起初，他努力争取国会的支持以实现合并，但遭遇了停滞。1898年4月25日，美国向西班牙宣战，乔治·杜威海军准将在菲律宾的马尼拉湾袭击并击败了西班牙舰队。这场意外的胜利引起了媒体的轰动，激发了公众扩大战争努力的支持。
McKinley agreed to send more troops and ships began departing from San Francisco in late May bound for Manila. They all stopped in Honolulu to load up on coal and provisions. By mid-1898 it had become apparent that Hawaii was indeed a vital naval outpost.
麦金利同意派遣更多的部队，船只从五月下旬开始从旧金山出发前往马尼拉。它们都在檀香山停泊，装载煤炭和物资。到了1898年中期，显然夏威夷真的是一个关键的海军前哨站。
Dole and other leaders of the provisional government welcomed the US military with open arms. They created coal storage lots at the Honolulu Peers and offered to send local volunteers from the Hawaiian National Guard to fight in Cuba and the Philippines. Meanwhile, Queen Liliokalani was still traveling in the US, lobbying members of Congress and other civic leaders to help reinstate her, but she couldn't compete with America's sudden imperialist fever.
多尔等临时政府领导人热情欢迎美军。他们在檀香山港口建造了煤库，并提供派遣夏威夷国民警卫队的志愿者前往古巴和菲律宾参战。而此时，莉莉玛王后仍在美国旅行，游说国会议员和其他公民领袖帮助她复位，但她无法与美国突如其来的帝国主义狂热相抗衡。
On July 6, 1898, Congress passed a joint resolution annexing Hawaii into the United States. McKinley signed the resolution the next day. Now retired in Princeton, New Jersey, former President Cleveland wrote, I am ashamed of the whole affair. As news of annexation reached the island, some native Hawaiians wore black armbands in protest. Others sent petitions with tens of thousands of signatures to Washington, but all their efforts were in vain.
在1898年7月6日，国会通过了一项联合决议将夏威夷并入美国。麦金利在第二天签署了这项决议。现在退休在新泽西州普林斯顿的前总统克利夫兰写道，我为整个事情感到羞耻。随着夏威夷并入美国的消息传到岛上，一些夏威夷土著人戴着黑色臂章表示抗议。其他人向华盛顿递交了数万个签名的请愿书，但所有的努力都是徒劳的。
Just past midnight, on August 2nd, Liliokalani returned home to Honolulu, having failed to prevent the final takeover of her country. Wearing black, she was greeted by hundreds of supporters. A reporter for the San Francisco Chronicle described the Queen breaking the somber silence with a greeting of aloha to the crowd.
在8月2日午夜刚过，莉莉歐卡蘭尼回到了檀香山的家中，未能阻止国家的最终接管。身穿黑色，她受到了数百名支持者的欢迎。一位《旧金山纪事报》的记者描述了女王向人群问候阿洛哈的场面，打破了压抑的寂静。
A chorus of alohas broke out, and as the crowd followed the Queen toward her recently built home at Waikiki, many of them began to sob and wail. Ten days later, Sanford Dole was again sworn in as Hawaii's leader, this time under the title Governor. The stars and stripes rose above Ilani Palace. The Hawaiian National Flag was lowered and folded up. As the new flag rose, the former Royal Hawaiian band, joined by musicians from the ship USS Philadelphia, played the Star-Spangled Banner.
一阵阵“阿洛哈”合唱声响起了，人群跟着女王向她在威基基新建的家走去，许多人开始哭泣和哀号。10天后，桑福德·道尔再次宣誓就任夏威夷领导人，这次获得了州长的头衔。星条旗在伊拉尼王宫升起，夏威夷国旗则被降下并叠放起来。随着新旗的升起，前皇家夏威夷乐队与来自美国海军费城号的音乐家一同演奏《星条旗》。
In tears, some of the Hawaiian musicians dropped their instruments in protest. Two years later, the islands officially became the US Territory of Hawaii. But while the sugar barons had finally succeeded in their quest to destroy Hawaii's monarchy, their struggles to maintain sugar's dominance over the islands weren't over.
一些夏威夷音乐家在泪水中出于抗议而放下他们的乐器。两年后，这些岛屿正式成为美国夏威夷领地。但是，尽管糖业巨头终于成功摧毁了夏威夷君主制，他们在维护糖的统治地位上的斗争还没有结束。
In the early years of the new century, a rival crop would begin to boom, and soon the competition for land, labor, and profit would lead to an economic showdown, setting the stage for a new period of transition and turmoil, as in battle Hawaii entered the 20th century.
在新世纪的早期，一种竞争作物开始兴盛，很快，土地、劳动力和利润的竞争就会导致经济危机，为新的转型和动荡时期铺平道路，就像战争一样，夏威夷进入了20世纪。
From Wondery, this is Episode 1 of Hawaii's Journey to Statehood from American History Tellers. On the next episode, a distant cousin of Hawaii's new governor introduces pineapples to a windy plateau in central Oahu. Within a decade, this new crop and the immigrant workers brought in to farm it will reshape the landscape and economy of the Hawaiian Islands.
这是Wondery制作的《美国历史讲堂》系列节目《夏威夷通向州份之路》的第一集。在下一集节目中，夏威夷新州长的远房表亲在胡亚中部的一个多风的高原上引进了菠萝。在不到十年的时间里，这种新作物以及为了种植它而引进的移民工人将重新塑造夏威夷岛屿的景观和经济。
Hey, Prime Members, you can listen to American History Tellers add free on Amazon Music, download the Amazon Music Cap today, or you can listen add free with Wondery Plus and Apple Podcasts. Before you go, tell us about yourself by completing a short survey at Wondery.com slash survey. If you'd like to learn more about the overthrow of Hawaii, we recommend Lost Kingdom by Julia Flynn-Syler and captive paradise by James Haley.
嘿，Prime会员，您可以在Amazon Music上无广告地收听《美国历史讲述者》，立即下载Amazon Music应用程序，或使用Wondery Plus和Apple Podcasts无广告地收听。在您离开之前，请通过Wondery.com/survey完成一份短小的调查，告诉我们一些关于您自己的信息。如果您想了解有关夏威夷的推翻的更多信息，我们推荐您阅读Julia Flynn-Syler的《失落的王国》和James Haley的《被囚禁的天堂》。
American History Tellers is hosted, edited and produced by me Lindsey Graham for Airship, audio editing by Christian Paraga, Sound Design by Molly Bach, Music by Lindsey Graham. This episode is written by Neil Thompson, edited by Dorian Marino, produced by Alita Rizanski, a production coordinator's Desi Blaylock, managing producer as Matt Gant, senior managing producer Tonja Thigpen, senior producer Andy Herman. Decadent producers are Jenny Lauer Beckman and Marsha Louis for Wondery.
美国历史讲述者是由我Lindsey Graham主持、编辑和制作的，由Airship负责音频编辑的是Christian Paraga，声音设计由Molly Bach负责，Lindsey Graham编写音乐。本集的编写者是Neil Thompson，由Dorian Marino编辑，由Alita Rizanski制作，制作协调员是Desi Blaylock，总制片人是Matt Gant，高级总制片人是Tonja Thigpen，高级制片人是Andy Herman。Wondery的豪华制作人是Jenny Lauer Beckman和Marsha Louis。