Evolution of SpaceX Rockets (NEW) [2002-2023] - YouTube
发布时间 2022-08-06 00:00:00 来源
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On February 29, 2020, YouTube and the world were significantly improved with the release of Flat Lives First Ever video, the evolution of SpaceX rockets. Seriously though, there have been a lot of developments both at SpaceX and on this channel since then. So I figured it's time for an updated version of that original video. This is the evolution of SpaceX.
2020年2月29日，Flat Lives发布了史上首个视频——SpaceX火箭的演变，这个视频不仅改善了YouTube，也改变了整个世界。从那时起，SpaceX和这个频道都有了很多进展。因此，我认为是时候更新这个原始视频了。这是SpaceX的演变史。
Founded in 2002, SpaceX was the brainchild of billionaire businessman Elon Musk. It's goal to reduce the outrageous cost of space travel and enable humans to explore and eventually colonize Mars. In the words of Musk himself, you want to wake up in the morning and think the future is going to be great, and that's what being a space-faring civilization is all about.
SpaceX成立于2002年，由亿万富翁企业家埃隆·马斯克构思而成，其目标是降低太空旅行的巨大成本，使人类能够探索并最终殖民火星。用马斯克的话来说，“我们希望在早上醒来时感到未来将会非常美好，这就是成为一个太空开发文明的意义所在。”
It's about believing in the future and thinking that the future will be better than the past, and I can't think of anything more exciting than going out there and being among the stars. Of course, such an ambitious endeavor takes a lot of time and money. With its original base established in El Sigundo, California, Elon invested $100 million of his own funds to get the company off the ground.
这句话的意思是相信未来会比过去更美好，并且认为到外太空探索是最激动人心的事情之一。当然，这样雄心勃勃的尝试需要花费很多时间和金钱。埃隆在加利福尼亚州的埃尔西贡多建立了公司基地，并投入了1亿美元的个人资金来启动公司。
It was not until 2005, three years later, that SpaceX began testing its first rocket, Falcon 1. Named after the Millennium Falcon from Star Wars, its intention was not to actually visit Mars, but to prove that SpaceX could first develop a rocket capable of orbiting the Earth.
直到2005年，三年后，SpaceX才开始测试其第一枚火箭“猎鹰1号”。它以《星球大战》中的千年隼号为名，其目的不是真的造访火星，而是为了证明SpaceX能够首先开发一种能够绕地球轨道的火箭。
The 21-meter tall Falcon 1 was a two-stage rocket with a total mass of 28,000 kilograms, payload of 180 kilograms, and thrusts of up to 450 kilo-neutons and 31 kilo-neutons respectively. Things didn't exactly get off to a flying start, however, as the initial launch date had to be delayed three times in the span of four months due to a combination of bad weather and mechanical failures. Still, on March 24, 2006, Falcon 1 did finally achieve lift-off. And 25 seconds later, it began rolling and plummeting towards the ocean.
这架高达21米的猎鹰1号是一枚双级火箭，总质量为28,000千克，有效载荷为180千克，最大推力分别为450千牛和31千牛。但事实并非一帆风顺，最初的发射日期因恶劣天气和机械故障的交织而不得不推迟三次，总共延迟了四个月。尽管如此，2006年3月24日猎鹰1号终于成功升空。然而，仅25秒后，它便开始旋转并坠落到海洋中。
An internal fire had caused an engine shutdown, resulting in mission failure number one. Attempts two and three ended in a similar fashion. These failures were disastrous for SpaceX, as they had only budgeted for three launches. Elon Musk has since described that time period as the worst in his life, and has even revealed that he was close to a mental breakdown.
一次内部着火导致发动机关闭，导致了第一次任务失败。第二次和第三次尝试以相似的方式结束。这些失败对于SpaceX来说是灾难性的，因为他们只预算了三次发射。埃隆·马斯克后来描述了那段时间是他生命中最糟糕的时期，甚至透露自己快要崩溃了。
Thankfully, though, the CEO and his engineers rallied for a fourth attempt, on September 28, 2008, Falcon 1 successfully reached orbit, becoming the first privately-funded liquid-fueled rocket to do so. In July the following year, another major milestone was reached, as the Falcon 1 successfully delivered a commercial satellite to Earth orbit. In total, there were five launches. The average cost per launch for the Falcon 1 was 6.7 million.
幸运的是，CEO和工程师们在第四次尝试中团结一致，在2008年9月28日成功地将 Falcon 1送入了轨道，并成为第一枚由私人资金支持的液体燃料火箭。在接下来的一年7月，Falcon 1又实现了另一个重要的里程碑，成功地将一颗商用卫星送入地球轨道。总共进行了五次发射，每次平均成本为670万美元。
Fun fact, originally, SpaceX had planned to also build the Falcon 1E. It would have been 6.1 meters longer than the Falcon 1 and have upgraded first and second-stage engines. However, both the Falcon 1 and 1E were withdrawn from the market because of limited demand.
有趣的事实是，最初，SpaceX还计划建造猎鹰1E火箭。它将比猎鹰1长6.1米，并升级第一和第二级发动机。然而，由于市场需求有限，猎鹰1和1E都已被撤出市场。
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Following its first major triumph, SpaceX was awarded a commercial resupply services contract from NASA worth $1.6 billion. This involved developing a new, much bigger rocket so that SpaceX could deliver cargo to the International Space Station. Initially, SpaceX proposed the Falcon 5. Instead of one engine of the Falcon 1, it would have five Merlin engines. Thus, the name Falcon 5. Interestingly, it would have been the first American launch vehicle since the Saturn V to offer true engine reliability.
在获得其首个重大胜利之后，SpaceX获得了一份价值16亿美元的NASA商业补给服务合同。这涉及开发一枚更大的新火箭，以便SpaceX能够向国际空间站运输货物。最初，SpaceX提出了Falcon 5。它不同于Falcon 1只有一个引擎，而是有了五个Merlin引擎。因此，它被称为Falcon 5。有趣的是，它将成为自土星五号以来首个拥有真正引擎可靠性的美国发射载具。
This meant that if one of the engines stopped working, it could still complete its mission. However, in 2006, SpaceX canceled the first Falcon 5. It would instead develop a much larger rocket with a whopping 9 engines, the Falcon 9.
这意味着即使其中一台引擎停止工作，它仍然可以完成任务。然而，在2006年，SpaceX取消了第一枚猎鹰5号火箭的计划，取而代之的是开发一枚更大的火箭——猎鹰9号，它拥有9台引擎。
The first version of the Falcon 9 was 48 meters tall, making it even taller than the Christ the Redeemer statue in Rio de Janeiro. The maximum thrust of the rocket was over 10 times that of the Falcon 1, exerting 4940 kilo-neutons in its first stage. Just like the Falcon 1, it was also a two-stage rocket with the second stage producing 445 kilo-neutons.
猎鹰9号的第一版高达48米，比里约热内卢的救世基督像还要高。火箭推力最大时，第一级推力是猎鹰1号的10倍以上，达到了4940千牛。它和猎鹰1号一样，也是二级火箭，第二级火箭产生445千牛的推力。
While the Falcon 1 could only carry a payload of 180 kilograms to lower Earth orbit, the Falcon 9 could carry an impressive 10,450 kilograms, which is 58 times as much. Meanwhile, the Dragon 1 capsule had a dry mass of 4,200 kilograms, measured 6.1 meters by 3.7 meters, and could deliver a payload of up to 6,000 kilograms to the International Space Station.
猎鹰1号只能将180公斤的载荷运往低地轨道，而猎鹰9号则可以搭载令人瞩目的10,450公斤，这是前者的58倍。同时，龙1号太空舱的干重为4,200公斤，直径为6.1米，长度为3.7米，最多可以将6,000公斤的物质送入国际空间站。
On June 4, 2010, the inaugural Falcon 9 test flight from Cape Canaveral was conducted flawlessly, with the Dragon spacecraft meeting 100% of its mission objectives. Then on December 8, 2010, the Falcon 9 and a fully functioning Dragon capsule were tested as part of NASA's commercial orbital transportation services contract. The flight resulted in SpaceX becoming the first privately-funded company to successfully launch, orbit, and recover a spacecraft.
2010年6月4日，猎鹰9号的首次试飞在卡纳维拉尔角完美顺利地进行了，龙飞船完成了100％的任务目标。然后，2010年12月8日，猎鹰9号和完全运作的龙舱作为美国国家航空航天局商业轨道运输服务合同的一部分进行了测试。这次飞行使得SpaceX成为第一家私人资助的公司成功地发射、轨道和收回一枚飞船。
On May 25, 2012, the Falcon 9 delivered the cargo Dragon capsule to the International Space Station, achieving another first, the first commercial spacecraft to successfully rendezvous with and attach to the ISS. In total, there were five launches of the Falcon 9 version 1.0, with each launch costing an average $57 million.
2012年5月25日，猎鹰9号成功将运载龙飞船成功送到国际空间站，实现了又一个里程碑，即成为第一架商用航天器成功与国际空间站对接。总共进行了5次猎鹰9号1.0版本的发射，每次发射平均耗资5700万美元。
Fun fact, Elon Musk has revealed that he named his spacecraft Dragon, in reference to Puff the Magic Dragon from the hit song by music group Peter Paul and Mary. Musk explained that he chose the name because many critics considered his goals to be impossible. In other words, he was chasing the Dragon.
有趣的事实是，埃隆·马斯克透露他把宇宙飞船命名为“龙”，参考了流行歌曲组合Peter Paul and Mary的歌曲《Puff the Magic Dragon》中的“魔法龙”。马斯克解释说他选择这个名字，是因为许多评论家认为他的目标是不可能实现的。换句话说，他在追逐那条不可能捉到的龙。
Version 1.1 of the Falcon 9 debuted in 2013 with an increased height of 68 meters. The rocket's head 60% longer fuel tanks, increasing the rocket's mass significantly. At launch, it produced 5,885 kilo-neutons. The payload capability to lower Earth orbit rows from 10,500 kilograms to 13,200 kilograms. The rocket engine layout compared to the previous model was rearranged, which SpaceX calls the Octo-Ep. He was designed to simplify and streamline the manufacturing process.
猎鹰9火箭的1.1版于2013年首次亮相，高度增加到68米。该火箭的燃料箱比之前的型号增加了60%的长度，因此火箭的质量有了显著的增加。在发射时，它产生了5,885千牛的推力。降低到地球轨道上的有效载荷能力从10,500公斤增加到13,200公斤。与以前的型号相比，火箭发动机的布局被重新排布，SpaceX称之为Octo-Ep。它的设计旨在简化和精简制造过程。
There were 15 launches of the Falcon 9 version 1.1 over a three-year period, costing about $59 million per launch. In 2014, NASA awarded SpaceX another lucrative contract worth $2.6 billion. This time, it included flying American astronauts, not just cargo, to the International Space Station. For this, SpaceX would utilize their crew capsule, the Dragon V2, capable of carrying four astronauts and a total payload of 6,000 kilograms to orbit.
在三年的时间内，猎鹰9号1.1版本进行了15次发射，每次发射的成本约为5900万美元。2014年，美国国家航空航天局授予SpaceX另一份价值26亿美元的利润丰厚的合同。这一次，他们要飞行美国宇航员，而不仅仅是货物，去国际空间站。为此，SpaceX将利用他们的载人航天器——龙飞船V2，能够搭载四名宇航员和总重量为6000千克的有效载荷进入太空轨道。
It was slightly larger than the Dragon 1, measuring 4 meters by 8.1 meters. It had a design life of 10 days in free flight and 210 days while docked to the ISS. Fun fact, interestingly, SpaceX had also planned to create the Falcon 9 air rocket. The rocket wouldn't be launched from the ground, but instead launched at a high altitude by a strato launch systems carrier aircraft.
它比“龙”1号略大，尺寸为4米x8.1米。在自由飞行时，它的设计寿命为10天，停靠在ISS时为210天。有趣的是，SpaceX还计划创建“猎鹰9号”空中火箭。该火箭不会从地面发射，而是由高空启动系统运载机在高空发射。
The world's largest aircraft by wing span. The Falcon 9 air would receive a new design and have only four engines. Eventually, the project ceased as SpaceX felt the rocket did not fit well with their long-term strategic business model.
这是世界上翼展最大的飞行器。猎鹰9飞船将获得新设计，并仅搭载四台发动机。然而，最终这个项目也停止了，因为SpaceX公司感觉这种火箭并不适合他们的长期战略业务模式。
Another improved version of the Falcon 9 version 1.2 came in 2015, also known as the Full Thrust. It made history on December 21, 2015. After delivering 11 satellites to orbit, the first stage returned and landed right on target at Landing Zone 1, completing the first-ever orbital-class rocket landing.
在2015年，Falcon 9 version 1.2的另一个改良版本也被推出，称为Full Thrust。它于2015年12月21日创造了历史。在将11颗卫星送入轨道后，第一级返回并精准降落在Landing Zone 1，完成了有史以来第一次轨道级火箭着陆。
The significance of this was huge since it proved that rockets could be launched and then reused, dramatically reducing the cost of space travel. Incremental changes were made to the full thrust with the different models referred to as blocks. Block 5, the latest version was praised by Elon Musk as it significantly improves performance and the ease of reusability.
这件事的意义非常重大，因为它证明了火箭可以被发射并重复使用，大大降低了太空旅行的成本。在全推力方面进行了逐步的改进，不同的型号被称为“区块”。最新版本的区块5被埃隆·马斯克称赞，因为它显著提高了性能和可重复使用性的易用性。
It's upgrades enable it to operate for longer in orbit and reignite its engines three or more times. Block 5 measured 71 meters tall and its first-stage thrust maxed out at 7,607 kilonewtons. While the second-stage thrust topped at 934 kilonewtons, it had a mass of 549,000 and would deliver a payload of 22,800 kilograms to low-earth orbit. Significantly, it also has the potential to deliver a 4,000 kilogram payload to Mars.
它的升级使它能够在轨道上更长时间运行，并且能够点火引擎三次或更多次。Block 5的高度为71米，第一级推力最高达到7,607千牛。尽管第二级推力最高只有934千牛，其重量为549,000，但能够将22,800千克的有效载荷送入低地球轨道。重要的是，它还有潜力将4,000千克的有效载荷送往火星。
The cost per launch in 2016 was $62 million, but SpaceX managed to reduce that to an average of 50 million.
2016年每次发射的成本为6200万美元，但SpaceX设法将平均成本降至5000万美元。意思是SpaceX成功降低了每次发射的费用。
On March 30, 2017, SpaceX set yet another precedent in reusable rocketry, achieving the first reflight of an orbital-class rocket. In other words, they managed to relaunch and reland a used rocket. Following the delivery of its payload, the Falcon 9 first stage returned to Earth for the second time.
2017年3月30日，SpaceX在可重复使用的火箭技术中再次创造了先例，实现了轨道级火箭的首次重新飞行。换句话说，他们成功地重新发射并着陆了一枚使用过的火箭。在将其有效载荷交付后，猎鹰9号第一级火箭再次返回地球。
I'm just incredibly proud of the SpaceX team for able to achieve this incredible milestone in the history of space. It's really a great day, not just for SpaceX, but for the space industry as a whole, and proving that something can be done that many people said it was impossible. Thank you.
我感到非常自豪，SpaceX团队能够在太空历史上取得这个不可思议的里程碑。 这是一个伟大的日子，不仅仅是为了SpaceX，也是为了整个太空产业，证明了可以做到许多人说是不可能的事情。谢谢。
Today, the Falcon Full Thrust was launched 132 times and had successfully landed 111 times in 117 attempts.
今天，獵鷹火箭全推力已經成功發射了132次，在117次嘗試中成功著陸了111次。
On May 30, 2020, SpaceX made history when it launched astronauts Doug Hurley and Bob Bankin aboard a Falcon 9 rocket. The astronauts were transported to the International Space Station, marking SpaceX's foray into human spaceflight and the first American crude mission in nine years, since the conclusion of the Space Shuttle program. A new era of spaceflight began as it became the first commercial orbital spaceflight ever. Since then, SpaceX has done multiple crude spaceflights, and September 2021, SpaceX launched the Inspiration 4 mission, successfully completing the first orbital spaceflight with only private citizens on board.
2020年5月30日，SpaceX公司在“猎鹰9号”火箭上成功发射了太空人道格·赫利和鲍勃·班肯，将他们送到了国际空间站，并标志着SpaceX公司首次进军人类航天领域，也是美国时隔9年自航天飞机计划结束后进行的第一次载人飞行任务。这标志着一个新的航天时代开始了，成为了有史以来第一个商业轨道航天。自那时以来，SpaceX公司已进行了多次载人航天任务，并于2021年9月进行了“启迪四号”任务，成功完成了一次仅私人公民搭乘的轨道航天飞行。
Fun fact, the Falcon 9 cost approximately $440 million from its initial design, right up until its first flight. That's only about a third of what NASA would have expected to spend on a similar rocket. SpaceX was able to cut costs by making up to 80% of the rocket's components in-house, rather than outsourcing them. Ah, the benefits of DIY.
有趣的事实是，猎鹰9号从最初的设计到首次飞行，大约花费了约4.4亿美元。这只是NASA对类似火箭的预期投资的三分之一左右。SpaceX能够通过在内部制造多达80%的火箭组件而削减成本，而不是外包。啊，DIY的好处。
In 2018, the Falcon Heavy was unveiled as the world's most powerful operational rocket by a factor of two, capable of carrying large payloads to orbit and supporting missions as far as the Moon or Mars. While remaining the same height as the full thrust, the addition of two first-stage boosters increased the first-stage thrust of this rocket to 22,800 kilo-nudens, which is almost double the thrust of the previous model. The Falcon Heavy can carry a payload of 63,800 kilograms to lower orbit, 16,800 kilograms to Mars, and 3,500 kilograms to Pluto. As its name suggests, this rocket is, well, heavy. Its total mass is over 1.4 million kilograms.
2018年，猎鹰重型火箭推出，成为当时全球最具有操作能力的火箭，其推力是其他火箭的两倍，适用于将大型载荷送入轨道，并支持远至月球或火星的任务。虽然火箭的高度与全推力版本相同，但加入了两个第一阶段助推器，使得该火箭的第一阶段推力达到了22,800千牛，几乎是上一代型号推力的两倍。猎鹰重型火箭可以将载荷分别送入低轨道（63,800千克）、火星（16,800千克）以及冥王星（3,500千克）。正如其名， 这个火箭确实非常沉重，总质量超过1.4百万千克。
On February 7, 2018, the Heavy made its first launch to orbit, successfully landing two of its three boosters and launching its payload to space beyond Mars orbit. That payload, by the way, was Elon Musk's personal Tesla Roadster, which is still floating around out there. It costs $150 million to launch this hefty rocket each time, although that reduces to $90 million when the rocket is reused. Although more than capable of carrying humans to space, SpaceX announced that it would not do so.
2018年2月7日，重型火箭首次成功发射到轨道上，两个增压器成功着陆，将其有效载荷发射到距火星轨道之外的太空中。顺便说一下，那个有效载荷是伊隆·马斯克的私人特斯拉Roadster跑车，目前仍在太空中飘荡。每次发射这个沉重的火箭需要花费1.5亿美元，但当火箭重新使用时，成本降至9000万美元。尽管足以将人类送上太空，SpaceX宣布不会这样做。
At the time of this video, the Falcon Heavy has had three successful launches, with the two side boosters used for the second flight being reused for the third, more flights using this rocket have been planned up until 2024.
在这个视频发布时，猎鹰重型火箭已经成功进行了三次发射，第二次航班使用的两个辅助助推器被再次利用于第三次发射，未来计划还将有更多的火箭使用猎鹰重型进行发射，直到2024年。
In preparation for a manned mission to Mars, SpaceX is currently developing and testing a fully reusable, super-heavy-lift launch vehicle. The spacecraft and super-heavy rocket are collectively referred to as Starship, and it will be the world's most powerful launch vehicle ever developed, with the ability to carry an excess of 100 metric tons to Earth orbit.
为了准备发射载人任务到火星，SpaceX正在发展和测试完全可重复使用的、超重型发射车。宇宙飞船和超重型火箭被统称为“星舰”，这将是世界上迄今为止开发的最强大的发射车，能够将超过100公吨的物品送入地球轨道。
Standing at 120 meters in total, the first stage super-heavy rocket is 70 meters tall. The second stage spacecraft is 50 meters tall. The rocket is much bigger than SpaceX's other rockets, and will be even taller than the statue of Liberty or the Saturn V, which will make it the largest rocket ever built. The Starship has a combined mass of a whopping 5 million kilograms.
这枚第一级超重型火箭总高度为120米，其中第一级高达70米，第二级航天器高度为50米。这个火箭比SpaceX的其他火箭都要大，甚至比自由女神像或土星五号火箭都高，成为有史以来最大的火箭。Starship的总质量高达500万公斤。
Both stages are powered by Raptor engines. The first stage utilizing 33 of them for a thrust of 72,000 kilo-nootons. The second stage uses three Raptor engines and generates 12,000 kilo-nootons of thrust.
两个阶段都由Raptor引擎提供动力。第一阶段使用33个Raptor引擎，推力为72,000千牛。第二阶段使用三个Raptor引擎，产生12,000千牛的推力。
In 2019, SpaceX started doing test flights. The first vehicle they used was the Starhopper. One year later, the Starhopper hopped to an altitude of 150 meters before landing vertically. It demonstrated the first use of the Raptor engine in real flight. Since then, many more test flights have been done, including the Starship SN8. The vehicle successfully launched, ascended to an altitude of 12.5 kilometers, or 41,000 feet, performed a sky-dive descent maneuver, relit the engines fueled by the header tanks, and steered to the landing pad. The flip maneuver was successful and really looks like something out of the future. The rocket did crash, however.
2019年，SpaceX开始进行测试飞行。他们使用的第一辆载具是Starhopper。一年后，Starhopper腾空150米后垂直降落。这展示了Raptor发动机在真实飞行中的首次使用。从那以后，进行了许多测试飞行，包括Starship SN8。该载具成功升空到12.5千米，或41000英尺，执行了跳伞降落机动，重新点火由头箱加注的引擎并驶向着陆板。翻转机动成功，并真的看起来像未来的东西。然而，火箭最终还是坠毁了。
Spacecraft normally use a parachute for landing. Starship will use a unique landing maneuver, where it will perform a belly flop and land vertically, making it incredibly challenging.
航天器通常使用降落伞着陆。星舰将采用独特的着陆方式，将进行一次肚跳翻转，并垂直着陆，这将是极具挑战性的。
The latest test flight, as of making this video, was launched as recently as May 13, 2021. Starship SN15 has been put through its paces during high-altitude flights, successfully completing launches, maneuvers, and landings. Elon Musk also announced that SpaceX would do an orbital test flight with the entire 120 meter tall Starship soon.
截至视频发布之时，最近的测试飞行是在2021年5月13日进行的。Starship SN15 在高空飞行中进行了多项测试，成功完成了发射、机动和着陆。埃隆·马斯克还宣布 SpaceX 将很快进行一次整个高达120米的Starship的轨道测试飞行。
According to SpaceX, these test flights of Starship are all about improving our understanding and development of a fully reusable transportation system designed to carry both crew and cargo on long-terration interplanetary flights and help humanity return to the moon, travel to Mars, and beyond.
据SpaceX表示，这些Starship的测试航班旨在改善我们对完全可重复使用运输系统的理解和开发，该系统旨在长期进行星际航行，搭载乘员和货物，帮助人类重返月球、前往火星以及更远的目的地。
Back in May 2020, SpaceX was selected by NASA to develop a lunar-optimized Starship to transport crew between lunar orbit and the surface of the moon as part of NASA's Artemis program. According to SpaceX, in 2023, Japanese entrepreneur Yusaku Muzawa and the crew of DearMoon will become the first civilian passengers on a lunar Starship mission, featuring a flyby of the moon during a week-long journey. This flight is an important step towards enabling access for people who dream of traveling to space.
2020年5月，美国航空航天局选择SpaceX开发一种优化的月球星舰，用于在NASA的阿尔忒弥斯计划中在月球轨道和月球表面之间运输机组。据SpaceX称，到2023年，日本企业家姚泽民和DearMoon船员将成为首批民间乘客，乘坐一次为期一周的月球星舰飞行，并完成一次月球绕飞。这次飞行对于梦想到太空旅行的人们实现太空之旅的愿望是重要的一步。
SpaceX has certainly reignited the interest in space travel, with the company's advances already spawning competition from other billionaire companies. These include Richard Branson's Virgin Galactic and Jeff Bezos' Blue Origin, both of which succeeded in launching their wealthy owners to lower orbit in 2021.
SpaceX的确重新点燃了人们对太空旅行的兴趣，该公司的进步已经引发了其他亿万富翁公司的竞争。其中包括理查德·布兰森的维珍银河和杰夫·贝索斯的蓝色起源，两者都成功地在2021年发射了其富有的所有者进入低轨道。
Surprisingly, unlike his billionaire counterparts, Elon Musk has not yet been to space himself. Despite having ample opportunity, Musk has yet to make the trip and cites his children and the great personal risk involved as key factors. He has said in the past that he intends to fly one day, and some SpaceX employees have hinted that he might board one of the first crew flights of Starship.
令人惊讶的是，与其他亿万富翁不同，埃隆·马斯克自己还没有去过太空。尽管他有充足的机会，但马斯克迄今为止还没有进行这次旅行，并指出他的孩子和巨大的个人风险是关键因素。他过去曾表示，他打算有一天飞行，一些SpaceX员工也暗示他可能会登上Starship的第一批机组航班。
Of course, the ultimate goal of Elon Musk and SpaceX is to colonize Mars. Sending humans to Mars will be quite a challenge. While the moon is on average 384,000 kilometers or 239,000 miles away from the Earth, Mars on the other hand is, at its closest, 38.6 million kilometers or 23.9 million miles away from the Earth. That is more than a hundred times as far.
当然，埃隆·马斯克和SpaceX的终极目标是在火星上建立殖民地。将人类送上火星将会是一个巨大的挑战。虽然月球平均距离地球有384,000公里或239,000英里，但火星最近时与地球的距离却有3860万公里或2390万英里，这是月球距离地球的一百多倍。
When asked in an interview how long it would take humans to land on Mars, Elon Musk replied, about six years from now, meaning 2026, if we get lucky, he continued, maybe four years. As for why we should colonize Mars, the entrepreneur previously tweeted, about half my money is intended to help problems on Earth, and half to help establish a self-sustaining city on Mars to ensure continuation of life in case the Earth gets hit by a meteor like the dinosaurs. Tour World War III happens, and we destroy ourselves.
在一次采访中，当被问及人类登陆火星需要多久时，伊隆·马斯克回答说，如果我们幸运的话，大约六年后，也就是2026年，而且他继续说，也许会缩短到四年。至于为什么我们应该殖民火星，这位企业家以前曾在推特上表示，“我一半的钱是用来解决地球上的问题，一半是用来建立一个自给自足的火星城市，以确保生命的延续，以防地球像恐龙那样被流星撞击，或者发生第三次世界大战，让我们自我毁灭。”
In order to get to that point though, he says, we need to accelerate progress towards fully reusable rockets. Cost per ton to orbit needs to improve by over 1000% from where Falcon is today, for there to be a self-sustaining city on Mars. As it happens, the team at SpaceX has already reduced launch costs by up to 10 times compared to the early days of space travel, thanks to their reusable rocket systems. They have performed 156 launches to date, landed 118 and reflown 95 of their rockets.
他说，为了实现这一点，我们需要加快实现完全可重复使用的火箭的进展。从猎鹰（Falcon）现在的情况来看，每吨运载费用需要提高1000％以上，才能在火星上建立一个自给自足的城市。恰好，SpaceX团队已经通过他们可重复使用的火箭系统，将发射成本降低了10倍左右，相较于早期的航天时代已有大幅提升。他们迄今已经进行了156次发射，成功着陆118次，并重新使用了95次他们的火箭。
To fund their ambitious project to build a Mars colony, SpaceX also started a satellite internet constellation called Starlink. This should give people worldwide access to almost instantaneous internet speed. To achieve this, SpaceX plans to send a whopping 42,000 Starlink satellites into space.
为了资助他们雄心勃勃的火星殖民计划，SpaceX还开始构建一个名为星链的卫星互联网网络。这将使世界各地的人可以获得几乎即时的互联网速度。为了实现这一计划，SpaceX计划向太空发射高达42,000颗星链卫星。
Fun fact, to colonize Mars, SpaceX is aiming to produce an impressive 1000 starships. Elon Musk is also confident that the cost of SpaceX's Starship rocket launches will cost less than $10 million within two or three years. That's insanely low by space standards. For comparison, the Falcon Heavy costs 150 million per launch, while it can carry significantly less payload into space.
有趣的事实是，为了殖民火星，SpaceX计划生产1000艘令人印象深刻的星际飞船。埃隆·马斯克还有信心，在两三年内，SpaceX的星际飞船火箭发射成本将低于1000万美元。按照太空标准，这是非常低的。相比之下，猎鹰重型火箭的成本是1.5亿美元每次发射，而可搭载的有效载荷数量明显较少。
I'm very excited to see how SpaceX will continue testing and improving their rockets to push for new boundaries. Hopefully land the first humans on Mars in 2026. I truly hope you enjoyed this video. Please subscribe for more.
我非常兴奋地期待着看到SpaceX会如何继续测试和改进它们的火箭，以推进新的边界。希望在2026年首次将人类登陆火星。我真诚地希望你喜欢这个视频。请订阅更多内容。