The World's Poorest Country is Sitting on $24 Trillion
发布时间 2023-01-31 16:00:27 来源
摘要
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With GDP per capita of just $2 per day, the Democratic Republic of the Congo is one of the poorest, if not the poorest nation on Earth. However, this does not have to be the case. The country has massive deposits of rare earth minerals including Cobalt, which is an essential input to the production of lithium-ion batteries. The mineral resources are estimated to be worth $24 trillion. So why is the DRC so poor?
0:00 - 2:50 Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)
2:51 - 3:54 Brilliant
3:55 - 5:41 The Congo Crisis
5:42 - 9:03 Lack of investment
9:04 - 11:46 Extreme poverty
11:47 - 13:50 Self-sufficiency
13:51 National leaderboard
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This is the Democratic Republic of the Congo. One of, if not, the single poorest country in the world by multiple economic measurements. The country has a GDP per capita of just $584, which means that the average person living in the country is producing less than $2 worth of wealth every single day, and they are living on even less than that. This number is less than 6% of the global average, and less than 1% of some advanced economies like the United States. At this level of poverty, GDP figures really start to lose their meaning, as people revert to just making stuff for themselves rather than contributing to the wider economy.
这是刚果民主共和国，按多项经济指标来看，它是世界上最贫穷的国家之一，如果不是最贫穷的话。这个国家的人均GDP仅为584美元，这意味着生活在这个国家的普通人每天创造的财富不到2美元，而实际上他们的生活质量甚至低于这个数字。这个数字不到全球平均水平的六分之一，远不到一些先进经济体如美国的1%。在这种极度贫困的情况下，GDP数据逐渐失去了意义，因为人们只是为自己生产东西而没有为整个经济做出贡献。
If you don't understand why that's important right now, don't worry, we'll cover it in detail very soon. Either way, the truly unfortunate thing about the DRC's economy is that it does not need to be poor at all. It is one of the most materially rich countries in the world, with vast reserves of a range of natural resources. If the country was able to efficiently extract these resources, it would generate $24 trillion in revenue at current market prices. That is enough, just by itself, with no other industries involved at all, to bring the living standards of the average Congolese citizen up to world standards for two and a half decades, assuming that nothing gets reinvested and no other industries are allowed to grow, which of course are very silly assumptions. Making more reasonable predictions that a lot of this money would be recirculated through the economy and also build up other supporting industries, the DRC would not only be one of the wealthier countries in Africa, it would be one of the wealthiest countries in the world.
如果你现在不明白这很重要的原因，别担心，我们很快会详细介绍。无论如何，刚果民主共和国经济真正不幸的地方在于它根本不需要是贫穷的。它是世界上物质最丰富的国家之一，拥有广泛的自然资源储备。如果该国能够有效地开采这些资源，以目前市场价格计算，它将创造24万亿美元的收入。这足以让平均刚果人民的生活水平提高到世界标准水平，这段时间长达二十五年，假设没有任何再投资和其他行业增长，当然这些是非常荒谬的假设。做出更合理的预测，大量的这些资金将重新流入经济，并建立其他支持性产业，刚果民主共和国不仅将成为非洲最富裕的国家之一，还将成为世界上最富裕的国家之一。
Now the story of a country plagued by corruption, war and economic mismanagement is unfortunately nothing new by itself. In fact, one of the very first videos on this channel was about the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and how it's lack of stability meant that international institutions had little confidence to make the investments the country needed to get off the ground. Stability and confidence in an economy is something that we have gone on to mention in almost every national economy video since, but the DRC is worth exploring again, not only because of its massive lost potential, but also because of what that natural resource wealth is made up of. There is the usual stuff like gemstones, metal laws and even petroleum, but it's also home to significant quantities of the planet's reserves of coal-tanned, cobalt and lithium, essential components in energy storage devices and electronics. The adoption of electric cars and the rise of battery energy storage means that the demand for these materials is expected to outstrip global supply this year, and unless the reserves of the DRC can be productively brought online, the growth of these industries will be forced to halt.
这个国家受到腐败、战争和经济管理不善的困扰，这个故事本身并不新鲜。实际上，我们频道上的第一个视频就讲了刚果民主共和国的情况，以及由于缺乏稳定性，国际机构很难信任该国，因此无法进行必要的投资。稳定和信心是经济中必不可少的因素，这也是我们在几乎所有国别经济视频中都提到的内容。然而，刚果民主共和国的情况值得再次探究，不仅因为它所失去的巨大潜力，还因为它的自然资源财富。这里有一些常见的东西，如宝石、金属矿产和石油，但也拥有大量的炭煤、钴和锂等行业能源和电子设备所需的重要组成部分。电动汽车的采用和电池储能的兴起意味着对这些材料的需求预计将超过全球供给，除非刚果民主共和国的储备能够有效地投入生产，否则这些产业的增长将被迫停滞。
So, what is stopping the Democratic Republic of the Congo from being able to take advantage of its natural wealth? What can the global community do to get rid of these barriers? And finally, are there any reasons to be hopeful about DRC's economic future? Once we have done all of that, we can put the Democratic Republic of the Congo, one of the poorest nations in the world, on the economics explained National Leaderboard.
因此，是什么阻碍了刚果民主共和国能够利用其自然财富？全球社区能做些什么来消除这些障碍？最后，是否有理由对DRC的经济未来抱有希望？一旦我们完成了所有这些，我们可以将世界上最贫困的国家之一的刚果民主共和国列入经济解释国家排行榜。
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The economy of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, as it exists today, started in 1960, when a country gained independence from Belgium after a truly horrific period of being exploited for its farmland, precious stones and human labour.
刚果民主共和国今天的经济始于1960年，这年该国从比利时获得独立，经历了一段真正可怕的被剥削土地、珍贵石材和人力资源的时期。
This was undoubtedly a positive step for the country and its people, but it was handled very poorly. At the time of its independence, the DRC had a population of around 20 million people, of which only 16 were university graduates. Not 16%, 16 people total.
这无疑是对国家和人民的一步积极行动，但处理得非常糟糕。在刚获得独立的时候，刚果民主共和国有大约2000万人口，只有16人是大学毕业生。这不是16%，而是16人总数。
The Belgian officials that were in charge of the country's industries basically left overnight and left very few instructions on how to manage the institutions that would keep the economy going, before independence just three government jobs were held by Congolese people.
负责比利时工业的官员们基本上一夜之间离开了，没有留下很多关于如何管理维持经济运转的机构的指示，在独立前，只有三个政府工作职位由刚果人担任。
The country obviously almost immediately fell into economic chaos as civil systems collapsed and the country stopped exporting anything to maintain its international income. The economic chaos led to fighting between the different political and ethnic groups within the country, which only further hampered any chance it had to improve living standards for its citizens.
随着内部制度的瓦解和国家停止出口商品以维持国际收入，该国显然几乎立刻陷入了经济混乱。经济混乱导致政治和族裔群体之间的斗争，进一步阻碍了改善公民生活水平的任何机会。
This drawn out period of political upheaval was known as the Congo crisis, and the fighting was indirectly supported by both the United States and the Soviet Union, which used the country as a proxy battlefield to fight out their political differences, using the lives of other people.
这个漫长的政治动荡时期被称为刚果危机，战争间接得到了美国和苏联的支持，它们利用该国作为代理战场来解决他们之间的政治分歧，牺牲了其他人的生命。
By 1965, following a political stalemate, watched elections and a military coup, the US back President Mboutu emerged as the country's sole leader, and to almost nobody's surprise, turned the country into a military dictatorship almost immediately.
1965年，经历了政治僵局、监督选举和军事政变后，美国支持的总统穆布图成为了该国唯一的领导人，几乎没有人惊讶，他立即将这个国家变成了一个军事独裁政权。
The political tensions and divisions still existed in the country, so really the only hope that the government had to hold onto power was through the threat of military violence. The problem this created beyond just the immediate human suffering caused by ongoing conflicts and the daily struggles of living under a dictatorship, was that it stopped the country from being able to attract the investment it needed to develop its economy.
这个国家仍存在政治紧张和分裂，因此政府唯一能够维持权力的希望就是以军事暴力威胁。这种问题所造成的不仅仅是持续冲突和生活在独裁统治下的日常斗争所带来的直接人类苦难，还阻止了这个国家吸引所需的投资来发展经济。
There are a lot of international companies that would have loved to set up operations in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, or Zaire as it was called between the years of 1971 and 1997. Even if these companies were only there to harvest the natural resource wealth of the region, effective governance of these operations can still produce a lot of wealth for all of the participants.
有许多国际公司想要在刚果民主共和国（或者在1971年至1997年之间被称为扎伊尔）建立业务。即使这些公司只是为了开采该地区的自然资源财富，有效的治理这些业务仍然可以为所有参与者创造许多财富。
Advanced economies like Norway, Canada, the UK, the USA and Australia all generate a lot of wealth from natural resource extraction that is produced by private enterprise. The difference is that these countries will negotiate resource deals with these companies in exchange for some level of compensation that does go on to benefit the people who are ultimately the decision makers in that country through their right to vote in free and open elections.
像挪威、加拿大、英国、美国和澳大利亚这样的先进经济体都通过私营企业开采自然资源来产生巨大财富。不同的是，这些国家将会与这些公司协商资源交易并获得一定程度的补偿，进而惠及这些国家真正的决策者，即通过自由公开选举投票的人们。
In dictatorships, the compensation only needs to benefit the dictators, but even in situations like this, the international companies involved need some level of stability before they can set up their operations. Bribing government officials for mining rights in African countries is nothing new, but the company still needs to make other significant investments before they can access the resources profitably.
在独裁国家里，补偿只需要让独裁者受益，但即便如此，涉及的国际企业在开始他们的业务之前仍然需要一定程度的稳定。在非洲国家为采矿权贿赂政府官员并非新鲜事，但企业在获利性地获取资源前仍需进行其他重大投资。
Investing billions of dollars into mining equipment, processing facilities and shipping ports to get materials out of the country, can pay itself off very quickly, as long as that infrastructure doesn't get caught up in a nationalisation campaign or ongoing conflicts. Since these events are commonplace in the DRC, the country has struggled consistently throughout its history to attract foreign investment, even from companies that just want to exploit its natural resources.
投资数十亿美元购买采矿设备、加工设施和航运港口来将材料运出国家，这样的投资能够迅速实现回报，前提是这些基础设施不会被卷入国有化的行动或不断发生的冲突中。由于这些事件在刚果民主共和国司空见惯，该国历史上一直很难吸引外国投资，即使是想要开发其自然资源的公司也是如此。
This means that it hasn't been able to build out any type of industry, which means that even mining is mostly done by hand with very rudimentary tools, which means each individual worker is producing very little value, so even if the economy was perfectly fair, they wouldn't be paid very much. When we compare the minds of the DRC to the minds extracting similar materials in advanced economies, there is far less equipment being utilized, which needs to be made up for with more low-cost manpower.
这意味着刚果民主共和国尚未建立起任何类型的工业，这意味着即使是采矿也大多是使用非常简单的工具手工完成的，这意味着每个工人所创造的价值很少，因此即使经济是完全公平的，他们也不会得到很高的报酬。当我们将DRC的智力与在先进经济体中提取类似材料的人们的智力进行比较时，使用的设备要少得多，这需要通过更多的廉价人力来弥补。
This is normally where the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank would intervene. These organisations operate to give loans to underdeveloped or otherwise struggling economies so that they can make the initial investments that they need to build out some kind of productive industry.
这通常是国际货币基金组织和世界银行介入的地方。这些组织为欠发达或经济困难的国家提供贷款，以使它们能够进行最初的投资，建立某种生产性产业。
In theory, the IMF could loan money to the DRC's so that they could build out some roads and buy some equipment to start efficiently harvesting the vast resource wealth they sit on top of. Given that revenue, they could pay back those loans and make further investments into more tools for extract even more resources and generate even more revenue, win-win if everything went perfectly. With some version of this plan in mind, the IMF and the World Bank have both loaned the DRC billions of dollars over the past five decades, but a lot of that money has just end up getting mismanaged or embezzled by corrupt government officials. Both of these institutions have had to write off most of these loans, and eventually even the IMF, which was created specifically to help out countries like this, said that enough was enough.
理论上，国际货币基金组织可以向刚果民主共和国提供贷款，让他们建造一些道路并购买一些设备，以便高效地开采其所拥有的丰富资源财富。在获得收益后，他们可以偿还这些贷款并进一步投资于更多的工具，以开采更多的资源并产生更多的收入，如果一切顺利，双方都将获益。基于这个计划的某个版本，国际货币基金组织和世界银行在过去的五十年中都向刚果民主共和国提供了数十亿美元的贷款，但其中很多钱被腐败政府官员挥霍或私吞了。这些机构都不得不写下大部分的这些贷款，最终连国际货币基金组织这样专门为像这样的国家提供帮助而成立的组织都表示，已经够了。
They also sent out economic advisors to try and help build out a coherent plan for the country, but have struggled to overcome a pervasive challenge. A lot of the leaders that have ruled the country since its independence don't want their people to be well off, because wealthier people are harder to control, and with the country's fractional rivalries holding on to power is hard enough as it is, without the general population asking too many questions about how their government is run. It's an endless feedback loop and a problem that is almost impossible to solve without undue foreign intervention in a sovereign country's politics, which is a solution that hasn't had a great track record in the past.
他们还派遣经济顾问试图帮助建立一个清晰的国家计划，但是他们一直在努力克服一个普遍的挑战。自从该国独立以来统治该国的许多领导人并不想让他们的人民过得更好，因为富人更难以控制，而由于国家的派系之争已经足够困难了，如果普通人民对政府的运行提出太多问题，那么保持权力就更难了。这是一个无休止的反馈循环，几乎不可能在没有对主权国家的政治进行不适当的外国干涉的情况下解决这个问题，这种解决方法在过去的记录中并不理想。
It's also important to remember that what might just sound like a geopolitical and economic problem to us has some very real human consequences. The level of poverty in countries like the DRC can be hard for economists from advanced countries to understand. Economists are educated professionals that are normally relatively wealthy in sight of countries that are very wealthy by global standards. Knowing that the Democratic Republic of the Congo has a GDP per capita of $584 or that the average citizen lives on less than $2 a day is technically accurate, but it doesn't give anybody a real understanding of the conditions or the financial realities of the people living in these countries.
同样需要记住的是，仅仅对于我们来说听起来像是地缘政治和经济问题的事情，实际上会产生一些非常真实的人类后果。像刚果民主共和国这样的国家中的贫困水平对于来自发达国家的经济学家来说可能很难理解。经济学家是受过教育的专业人士，在享受全球标准下非常富裕的国家看来他们通常也相对富裕。知道刚果民主共和国的人均国内生产总值为584美元，或者平均每位公民每天生活费用不到2美元在技术上是准确的，但它并不能让任何人真正了解这些国家居民生活的条件或财务现实情况。
GDP is a measure of the total market output of an economy, so it shouldn't theory be the total value of all final goods generated in that economy in a year. There are however some things that an economy will produce that are not included in total GDP figures. This will exclude non-final goods from the value of GDP, because otherwise we'll end up counting things many times over, giving us an over-inflated sense of what the economy is actually worth. A non-final good is something like an engine that will end up going into a new car. If the car maker buys an engine for $5,000 to put into a car that they will sell for $25,000, only that $25,000 will be counted towards GDP.
国内生产总值（GDP）是衡量经济总体市场产出的一种指标，因此理论上应该是该经济体在一年内生成的所有最终产品的总价值。然而，有些经济产生的物品并没有包含在总GDP数字中。这将从GDP的价值中排除非最终产品，因为否则我们会多次计算物品，从而给我们一个夸大经济实际价值的感觉。非最终产品指的是像最终会被用于新车的发动机这样的物品。如果汽车制造商花费5,000美元购买一个发动机，并将其放入将要以25,000美元出售的汽车中，仅仅那25,000美元会计入GDP。
Another thing that doesn't get included in GDP figures are illegal goods and services. Now technically these goods should be included because they are value-adding products. The only reason they don't get included is because obviously people engaged in illegal activities are not going to report their earnings to the government organisation responsible for collecting economic data. Finally, the category that gets left out of GDP figures that is important to undeveloped economies like the DRC are so-called household industries engaged in household production. Household production is something like gay woodworking and teazious, making a dining room set for their family. It technically added value, but it wouldn't get counted in GDP figures because it wasn't supplied to the market. If that would work a sold dining room set, then it would be included in GDP figures.
GDP数据中未包括非法商品和服务。技术上，这些商品应该被包括在内，因为它们是增值产品。唯一的原因是，参与非法活动的人显然不会向负责收集经济数据的政府组织报告他们的收入。最后一个被排除在GDP数据之外的类别是对像刚果民主共和国这样的不发达经济体重要的家庭产业。家庭生产就像是加菲木工和泰西乌斯为他们的家庭制作一套餐厅家具。它在技术上增加了价值，但是它不会计入GDP数据，因为它没有提供给市场。如果出售了一套餐厅家具，那么它将被纳入GDP数据。
If you've ever wondered how an entire nation of people can subsist on just $2 a day, this will explain it. Obviously life for these people is still incredibly hard, and I don't want to undermine just how intense poverty in these countries can be. But those two dollars go a lot further than they do in more developed economies. In a country where everybody is very poor, businesses don't have the opportunity to charge very much for their products, so the general cost of living is much lower. Economists will use something called purchasing power parity to adjust this because it's not fair to compare two dollars in a country like the DRC, where a decent milk and cost less than 50 cents, to two dollars in a country like Australia or Switzerland, where you would be lucky to get lunch for less than $50.
如果你曾经想过整个国家的人民如何在每天只有2美元的生活线上生存，这篇文章将为您解释。显然，这些人的生活仍然非常艰苦，我不想低估这些国家的贫困如何强烈。但在这些不发达经济体中，这两美元可以更远的用于生活。在一个每个人都非常贫困的国家中，企业无法对其产品收取过高的价格，因此生活成本普遍较低。经济学家将使用一种叫做购买力平价的东西来调整这种情况，因为在刚果（金）这样的国家，一升好牛奶不到50美分，而在澳大利亚或瑞士这样的国家，你很幸运如果午餐少于50美元。
Adjusted for purchasing power parity, the DRC has a GDP per capita of $1,179, which means the average person is actually living on the equivalent of $4 a day, an improvement, but not a big enough one.
考虑了购买力平价，刚果民主共和国的人均GDP为1,179美元，这意味着平均每个人实际上只有相当于4美元一天的生活水平，这是一个改善，但不足够大的一个。
The actual way that people surviving countries like the DRC is that they are very self-sufficient at a household or a community level. They will farm their own food, collect their own water, and in many cases even build their own housing. These are all examples of household production, and it doesn't get counted in national GDP figures.
在像刚果民主共和国这样的国家，人们实际上是通过家庭或社区自给自足来生存的。他们自己种植食物、采集水源，甚至在许多情况下还自己建造住房。这些都是家庭生产的例子，但它们并没有被计入国家GDP数字中。
This means that people going out to work to earn a couple of dollars a day only end up spending that money on a few things that their household can't produce themselves, things like tools, materials, and fuel.
这意味着人们外出工作挣几美元，最终只能将这些钱花在家庭无法自行生产的一些东西上，例如工具、材料和燃料。
While this lets the households in desperately poor countries like the DRC look after themselves, it also perpetuates the cycle of poverty because it makes it hard to specialise. The foundation of modern economics is that individuals, organisations, and sometimes even entire countries should focus on what they are good at, because if everybody specialises in something and then trades the stuff they make around, we will be less with more overall.
这样做让像刚果民主共和国这样极度贫困国家的家庭能够自我照顾，但同时也会使贫困循环延续，因为这使得专业化变得困难。现代经济学的基础是个体、组织，甚至整个国家应专注于自己擅长的事情，因为如果每个人在某个领域专注并交换他们生产的物品，我们的总体财富会更加丰富。
Sometimes Smith, the grandfather of economics, used the example of a sowing pin. If an individual set out to create a single sowing pin, he would take them a lot of time to mine the iron ore, smelt it into steel, forge that steel into a thin wire, cut that thin wire to shape, and sharpen it to a point. After all of that, they will only have a sowing pin, which does not do them much good without fabric to sow.
有时经济学鼻祖史密斯提到了一个缝纫针的例子。如果一个人想制造一根缝纫针，那么他要花费很长时间去开采铁矿石，把它们冶炼成钢，将钢锻成细丝，将细丝剪成所需形状，再把它磨成尖。经过所有这些，他们只能得到一根缝纫针，而没有织物来缝纫也没有什么作用。
It's much easier and more efficient for some people to focus on mining, some people to focus on metallurgy, and some people to run the shops to sell the sowing pins. All of these people can take a small profit from the value they have added to the process, and use that profit to buy more sowing needles than they would have been able to produce themselves, or anything else that they want to purchase.
一些人集中精力于采矿，一些人专注于冶金技术，还有一些人则经营销售缝针店铺，这样做更加轻松高效。他们都能从他们所增加的价值中获得一点小的利润，然后用这些利润购买比他们自己生产的缝针更多的物品，或者其他任何他们想要购买的东西。
The household industries that maintain most citizens of the DRC also stop them from being able to specialise to build out economic wealth. It's easy for economists to say just go out and specialise, but when most people are only making the equivalent of four dollars a day, it's simply impossible to survive by specialising in a traditional role.
创造刚果民众的家门口产业是维持他们生计的主要方式，但这也限制了他们专业化打造经济财富的能力。经济学家可能会轻松地建议人们去专业化，但大部分人每天仅挣取四美元等值的收入，想要通过传统的职业专业化生存是根本不可能的。
Even if better jobs did become available, it's a big help. It's a big ask for the people of a war-torn country, marred by an endless history of violence and mismanagement, to give up their self-sufficiency for the hope that this time will be different, and that economic growth can be sustained for long enough for them to support themselves and their family by engaging in activities that help their entire economy.
即使更好的工作机会出现，这也会是一个重要的帮助。对于一个深受战争、暴力和糟糕管理历史影响的国家的人们来说，放弃自给自足去期望这次会有所不同，并且经济增长能够持续足够长的时间，让他们参与能够促进整个经济的活动，是一项艰难的任务。而这对于他们来说，意味着要支持自己和家人，走出困境。
Now it's time to put the Democratic Republic of the Congo on the economics explained National Leaderboard. Starting with size, the DRC has a GDP of $55.3 billion. Now as we have explored in this video, that doesn't give us a full picture of how much has been created in this economy because a lot of production is not being counted by official figures, but a large share of household industries isn't a great indication of a healthy economy anyway, so the DRC gets a 2 out of 10.
现在是将刚果民主共和国纳入经济解释的国家排行榜的时候了。从规模方面来说，刚果民主共和国的国内生产总值为553亿美元。但是正如我们在这个视频中所探讨的那样，这并不能给我们一个完整的图片，因为很多生产不在官方数据中计算，但是家庭工业的很大一部分也不是一个健康经济的良好指标，所以刚果民主共和国得到了2分（满分为10分）。
That small GDP is spread out over one of the largest populations in the world. The DRC is home to almost 100 million people, which means the country has a GDP per capita of $584, putting in line for the poorest country on the planet. It gets a 0 out of 10.
那个小的GDP分散在全球人口最多的国家之一。刚果民主共和国有近1亿人口，这意味着该国人均GDP为584美元，使其成为世界上最贫穷的国家之一，得分为0分。
Stability and confidence is the unfortunate reason that the country is unable to capitalize on the material wealth advantages it has available to it. The country could easily be one of the most powerful economies in the world, but building functioning industries is difficult, and building them with ongoing conflicts, corruption scandals, power struggles and general mismanagement is like trying to build a sand castle in a hurricane. It doesn't matter how much sand you have, you aren't going to be able to build anything. The DRC gets a 1 out of 10.
稳定和信心是该国无法利用其可利用的物质财富优势的不幸原因。该国很容易成为世界上最强大的经济体之一，但是建立功能正常的产业是困难的，而在持续的冲突、腐败丑闻、权力斗争和普遍的管理不善的情况下建立它们就像在飓风中建造沙堡一样。无论你拥有多少沙子，你都无法建造任何东西。刚果民主共和国得分1分（总分10分） 。
Growth is the one redeeming thing that the DRC has going for it to potentially keep itself off the bottom of the leaderboard. The economy has doubled in size in the past decade, and while it wasn't growing from a high benchmark to begin with, then a lot of the economic growth has been driven by a general population growth, it's still a trend in the right direction, and the country gets a 7 out of 10.
增长是刚果民主共和国唯一能够使其避免跌入最低排名的挽救性因素。过去十年里，该国的经济规模已经翻倍，尽管它原本并没有从一个高水平开始增长，而是在人口普遍增长的推动下实现了很多经济增长，但这依然是一个朝着正确方向的趋势，因此该国得到了7分（满分为10分）。
Finally, industry. There's really not much to say here, it really doesn't exist. The average worker in the DRC has systematically been put in a situation where they have to be self-sufficient and contribute to the general economy as an afterthought. The exports they do have depends mainly on incredibly basic mining using hand tools to extract easily exploitable resources. The country gets a 1 out of 10.
最后来说一下工业。其实这方面没什么好说的，因为在刚果民主共和国（DRC）几乎没有工业。DRC的普通工人面临的是必须自给自足，并且对于整个经济来说，他们只是一个附带的部分。DRC的出口主要依靠手工工具开采极其基础的资源，这些资源很容易被开采。总的来说，DRC在工业方面的评分只有1分（满分为10分）。
All together, that gives the DRC an average score of 2.2 out of 10, which puts it into last place on the economics explained national leaderboard.
总的来说，这让刚果民主共和国在“经济问题解释”国家排行榜上得分为10分制的2.2分，使其排名垫底。
Thanks for watching mate, bye.
谢谢你的观看，再见啦。