Kiribati: a drowning paradise in the South Pacific | DW Documentary
发布时间 2017-11-09 04:00:01 来源
摘要
Climate change and rising sea levels mean the island nation of Kiribati in the South Pacific is at risk of disappearing into the sea.
But the island’s inhabitants aren’t giving up. They are doing what they can to save their island from inundation. Can COP23 help make a difference?
UN estimates indicate that Kiribati could disappear in just 30 or 40 years. That’s because the average elevation is less than two meters above sea level. And some of the knock-on effects of climate change have made the situation more difficult. Kiribati can hardly be surpassed in terms of charm and natural beauty. There are 33 atolls and one reef island – spread out over an area of 3.5 million square kilometers. All have white, sandy beaches and blue lagoons. Kiribati is the world’s largest state that consists exclusively of atolls. A local resident named Kaboua points to the empty, barren land around him and says, "There used to be a large village here with 70 families." But these days, this land is only accessible at low tide. At high tide, it's all under water. Kaboua says that sea levels are rising all the time, and swallowing up the land. That’s why many people here build walls made of stone and driftwood, or sand or rubbish. But these barriers won't stand up to the increasing number of storm surges. Others are trying to protect against coastal erosion by planting mangrove shrubs or small trees. But another local resident, Vasiti Tebamare, remains optimistic. She works for KiriCAN, an environmental organization. Vasiti says: "The industrialized countries -- the United States, China, and Europe -- use fossil fuels for their own ends. But what about us?" Kiribati's government has even bought land on an island in Fiji, so it can evacuate its people in an emergency. But Vasiti and most of the other residents don't want to leave.
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中英文字稿 
It's low tide on Tarawa, the main atoll of the island nation of Kiribas. Tiatata and his three sons have just a few hours before the water returns. There are no stones on the beach anymore, and that's why we have to go far out. We need to get coral because the sea is flooding our house.
这是基里巴斯岛主环礁塔拉瓦岛的退潮时刻。提雅塔和他的三个儿子只有几个小时的时间可以利用，因为水很快就会涨回来。海滩上已经没有石头了，因此我们必须到更远的地方采集珊瑚，因为海水正在淹没我们的房子。
The home of Tiatata and his family of twelve is under threat. Ten years ago they started building a wall made of coral. When the water comes all the way up to here and there's a strong wind, that's when it's worst. The water bashes against our wall and sprays over our whole house. We have to build a higher wall so the water doesn't flood our home. In the past our wall kept breaking because it was only this high. Now it's higher and more stable. It protects us from the sea. Many walls collapse at high tide, but we're lucky. Our wall's still standing.
Tiatata和他的家人面临着家园的威胁。十年前，他们开始修建一个用珊瑚石建成的墙。当潮水上升到这里并且风势强大时，情况会变得更加糟糕。海水猛击着我们的墙，浪花喷洒到我们整个房子上。我们必须建造更高的墙以防止水淹没我们的家。过去，我们的墙经常断裂，因为它只有这么高。现在它更高更稳固了。它保护我们免受海洋的侵袭。许多墙在高潮时都会崩塌，但我们很幸运，我们的墙仍然屹立不倒。
In just thirty years Tiatata's wall could cease to offer any protection from the sea. The island state of Kiribas is one of the lowest lying countries on earth. The narrow unprotected atolls in the south Pacific are on average only two meters above sea level. The nation consists of thirty-three such atolls spread out between Hawaii and Australia. More than half its hundred thousand residents live on the tarawa atoll but for how much longer. Climate change is threatening the people of Kiribas.
瑯噹群岛（Kiribati）是地球上海拔最低的国家之一，而在短短的三十年内，Tiatata的围墙可能会停止提供对海洋的任何保护。南太平洋狭窄且无保护的环礁平均只有两米高。该国由33个这样的环礁组成，分布在夏威夷和澳大利亚之间，其中超过一半的十万居民居住在塔拉瓦环礁上，但还能维持多久不确定。气候变化正在威胁着瑯噹群岛的人民。
Sea levels are rising, storm surges and severe tropical storms are flooding the sparsely populated country with increasing frequency. For the locals it's a question of survival. Climate change has national priority for the government of Kiribas. Choi Yeating has been the official climate commissioner since 2010. He's alarmed by the changes caused by climate change. It is worrying that the community has to live in these conditions. I would imagine there would be a lot of sanitation problems, a lot of contamination of their drinkable water. Right now we don't really have a king tide.
海平面正在上升，风暴潮和强热带风暴日益频繁地淹没着这个人口稀少的国家。对于当地人来说，这是一个生存问题。气候变化已成为基里巴斯政府的国家优先事项。蔡夷庭自2010年以来一直是官方气候专员。他对气候变化所带来的变化感到担忧。让人担心的是，社区必须在这些条件下生活。我想他们会面临很多卫生问题，他们的饮用水也会被污染。现在我们还没有经历过极潮。
You know, a rising sea level during this period but imagine when it does come and that little sea wall there is fully submerged by water. One day the people of Kiribas will have to leave their country. The government has already purchased land on Fiji to provide them with refuge.
你知道吗，这段时间海平面正在上升，但是想象一下当它真的上升时，那个小海堤将被完全淹没在水中。有一天，基里巴斯的人们将不得不离开自己的国家。政府已经在斐济购买了土地，为他们提供庇护。
Every day, Tatar and his three brothers have to carry their fishing boat into the sea. It's hard work. As you can see this area is flooded. All this from here to all the way back there used to be beach. Now the beach is gone and the rocks are washed up. That's why we have to move our boat every day, otherwise it would get smashed. The family defies the rising sea levels with a coral wall that resembles a fortress. The water is rising and rising. Eventually the land over there will disappear. It will stay and float like an island in the water.
每天，塔塔尔和他的三个兄弟都必须将他们的捕鱼船拖到海里。这是很辛苦的工作。你可以看到这个地区已经被淹没了。从这里到那边都曾经是海滩。现在海滩已经消失了，岩石被冲上来了。这就是为什么我们每天都必须移动我们的船，否则它就会被粉碎。这个家庭用一个类似于堡垒的珊瑚墙对抗不断上升的海平面。水位越来越高。最终那边的陆地将消失。它将留在那里，在水中漂浮着像一个岛。
Tatar and his family have become a symbol of Kiribas' fight for survival. His mother, Muang Taya and her granddaughter Anna often reminisce about the times before they were affected by climate change. 20 years ago the sea was far away. We were safe back then, even at high tide. The water only reached this far. We used to have a lot of trees. Our land was much greener. We had no idea we'd have to live like this one day. The access road has been flooded for years. The family can only leave their property by boat.
塔塔尔和他的家人成为基里巴斯保护生存的象征。他的母亲Muang Taya和她的孙女安娜经常回忆起他们在受气候变化影响之前的生活。20年前，海洋还很远，即使是高潮，我们也是很安全的，水只能到达这里。我们以前有很多树木，土地很绿，当时我们根本不知道有一天我们会过这样的生活。进入此地的道路已经被洪水淹没多年，这个家庭只能靠船才能离开他们的财产。
When I was little, life here was really good. There were lots of trees under which we played hide and seek. I've heard that other countries are causing climate change, but I don't hate those people. I see it differently. The Western countries are doing many things to cause climate change there to blame. All I can do is ask them to stop. The sea is increasingly devouring unprotected tracks of land in the middle of the South Pacific. This isn't a safe place for the future. When we have a high tide and a big storm, the water smashes into the sea wall and sprays over the top.
当我还是个小孩子的时候，这里的生活真的很好。有许多树木，我们在树下玩捉迷藏。我听说其他国家正在导致气候变化，但我并不恨那些人。我有不同的看法。西方国家正在做很多事情导致气候变化，他们应该承担责任。我所能做的就是请求他们停止这样做。南太平洋中部的海洋正在越来越多地吞噬无保护的土地。这不是未来的安全之地。当我们遇到高潮和大风暴时，水会砸向海堤并飞溅在上面。
During storm surges, which occur once a month these days, the people of Kiribati are completely defenseless against the forces of nature. I'm scared that the water will continue to rise. You will have to leave here one day and live elsewhere if climate change gets worse.
在目前每月都会发生的风暴潮中，基里巴斯的居民完全无法抵挡自然力量。我害怕水会继续上涨。如果气候变化变得更糟，你们将不得不离开这里，在别处生活。
A mangrove forest in the south of Tarawa, their knots of thin, strong roots make these tropical trees the perfect protection against soil erosion. The group of young people, climate activist Vasiti Tebamare, wants to plant mangroves on the beach at Ambo during low tide. We'll plant 15 rows. You have to plant the mangroves a hands width apart. Vasiti has been organising a growing number of such volunteer planting events. These are the seeds from the mangroves and we pick them up and then these are the ones that we use to plant them and then they grow again. We take three in case because when we plant them, the waves will come and maybe two will be flooded away and these ones will stay and will live. So that's why we take three all the time.
在塔拉瓦南部的一片红树林中，由于它们的粗细坚韧的根系纠结在一起，这些热带树木成为了抵御泥土侵蚀的完美保护工具。气候活动家基莫拉·泰巴玛蕾率领一群年轻人，想在阿姆博海滩退潮时种植红树林。我们将种植15排，必须间隔一只手的距离。基莫拉一直在组织越来越多的志愿种植活动。这些是我们从红树林中采摘而来的种子，我们用它们进行新一轮的种植，它们将再次长出。我们会采摘三个种子，因为在种植时，海浪可能会损坏两个种子，而这个可以幸存下来并生长。因此，我们每次都采摘三个。
The people of Tarawa have already planted more than 50,000 mangroves on the beaches of the atoll. The young people here have grown up with climate change. They're scared. They're very important.
塔拉瓦人民已在环礁海滩种植了超过50,000棵红树林。这里的年轻人已经跟随着气候变化成长，他们感到害怕，他们非常重要。
In my village where I live most of the earth are destroyed by the sea level. The future prospects for Kiribas' young people are dire but none of them want to leave their home. I'm so proud to be a Kiribas. Even though what we face with is still proud of our country. This is where we belong. It's our culture, our identities, that's why. I think this is where our hearts belong.
我住的村庄大部分被海平面破坏了。基里巴斯年轻人的未来前景堪忧，但是他们中没有人想离开家乡。我非常自豪能成为基里巴斯人。尽管我们面临的问题很多，但我们仍然为我们的国家感到骄傲。这是我们的归属地，它是我们文化和身份的体现。我认为，这是我们内心深处的归属感。
The hope is that these mangroves on Ambo Beach will grow into a forest like the one that helps defy storm surges in the south of Tarawa. Protecting the coastline has become a national priority for the people of Kiribas but there's no coherent plan and the government lacks the funds for long-term infrastructure measures. Those who can afford concrete have built a wall in their own expense.
希望这些位于安博海滩的红树林能够像塔拉瓦南部的一样，茁壮成长为可以抵挡风暴浪涌的森林。保护海岸线已成为基里巴斯人的国家优先任务，但缺乏协调一致的计划和长期基础设施措施所需的资金。那些能够负担得起混凝土的人已经自行建造了一堵墙。
That's what Itim Wemwe has done, a young entrepreneur from the village of Taboria. I think climate change will only get worse in the future. One day Kiribas will drown. Other people think differently but I'm scared by what's happening. We have to protect ourselves. That's why we're building the sea wall this high. The sea is calm today but it's only a matter of time before the next storm surge arrives.
这是年轻企业家伊汀·韦姆维从塔博里亚村开始所做的事情。我认为气候变化在未来只会变得更糟。有一天，基里巴斯将会被淹没。其他人可能持不同看法，但我对正在发生的事情感到害怕。我们必须保护自己。这就是为什么我们正在建造这么高的海堤。今天海面很平静，但下一次风暴潮到来只是时间问题。
Tarawa is home to around 60,000 people, more than half the country's entire population. Liverpool land is becoming increasingly sparse, says climate activist Vacity. We had to 10 years ago, it not just like this, people stayed in their home lands but nowadays people migrate from there for a better future. They gave me a for education for work for everything and now it ended up like this and one leave closely to each other.
塔拉瓦岛是约6万人的家园，超过了该国整个人口的一半。气候活动家Vacity表示，利物浦的土地变得越来越稀缺。10年前，情况并不像现在这样，人们留在自己的家乡，但现在人们移居到别处，寻求更好的未来。他们给了我教育、工作和一切，但现在却变成了这个样子，人们彼此人挤人。
In addition to climate change, overpopulation is one of the biggest problems on Tarawa. This is easily passed from one person to another and especially with the future of the kids the government has a limit resource. It can't employ each and every one of them. On average a family here has five to six children. Almost every square meter of land on Tarawa has now been built on. The main thing that is strengthening us is the sea level rise. We have land erosion. The sea is taking most of the lands and people here try whatever they have to build sea walls. But it does in hell when the water comes, no one can stop the water. It just comes and then take away all the lands again.
除了气候变化，人口过剩是塔拉瓦面临的最大问题之一。这种问题很容易从一个人传递给另一个人，特别是考虑到孩子们的未来，政府资源受到限制，不能雇佣所有人。这里的家庭平均有五到六个孩子。塔拉瓦几乎每一平方米的土地都被建造了。海平面上升是支撑我们的主要事情。我们有土地侵蚀问题。海洋正在占用大部分土地，人们试图建造海堤保护。但一旦水涨起来，没有人能够阻止它，水就会席卷所有土地。
In 2014 the effects of global warming on Kiribas attracted international attention. Ioana Titiota made a bid to become the world's first climate change refugee when he applied for asylum in New Zealand. The government of New Zealand didn't recognize climate change as grounds for asylum. They didn't think that the people of Kiribas were threatened by nature and forced to flee as a result. Ioana and his family were deported from New Zealand a year later even though the situation in their home country has been getting progressively worse, it was a shock for the family.
在2014年，全球变暖对基里巴斯的影响引起了国际关注。Ioana Titiota试图成为世界上首位寻求庇护的气候变化难民，但其申请被新西兰政府拒绝。新西兰政府认为，基里巴斯人民并没有受到自然环境威胁导致被迫逃离。尽管他们的家乡状况正在变得越来越糟，但Ioana和他的家人一年后还是被遣返。这对家庭来说是个震惊。
What scares me is that our land is low lying. This is surrounded by the sea and it's being washed away around us. Ioana and his family have moved in with his sister but they don't see a future for themselves on Kiribas. My biggest worry is my children. I want them to be safe. We don't want to wait until the end. Many people criticize me for trying to be a climate change refugee, saying I'm talking my country down. But I want to leave again. It doesn't matter where we live. Our culture will survive with us.
我最担心的是，我们的土地海拔很低，被海水包围，正在不断流失。Ioana和他的家人已经搬到他的姐姐家，但他们在基里巴斯没有未来。我最担心的是我的孩子们，我希望他们安全。我们不想等到最后。很多人批评我试图成为气候难民，说我在抹黑我的国家。但我想再次离开，无论我们住在哪里，我们的文化将随着我们生存下来。
Kiribas is first inhabitants settled here around 3,000 years ago. The majority came from Southeast Asia and Polynesia. The locals are a proud people who are attached to their traditions. Abayang atoll, around 50 kilometres to the north of Tarawa is a different world. It's only sparsely populated. The village of Tibunganako has become a symbol of the impending dangers of climate change. Over the past 20 years rising sea levels have destroyed Caboad John's home.
基里巴斯的最早居民约于三千年前在此定居。他们主要来自东南亚和波利尼西亚。当地人是一个骄傲的民族，他们非常珍视自己的传统。阿拜扬环礁在塔拉瓦岛北部约50公里处，是一个截然不同的世界。那里人口稀少。提布甘纳科村已成为气候变化带来潜在危险的象征。过去20年里，上涨的海平面已经摧毁了卡博齐约翰的家园。
Long time ago this is the land before and they used to have Manabaya, a big house for like gathering people, parties, occasions and all the people before they leave here and now they all move to the mainland. Tibunganako is still home to 70 families. It was the second largest village on Abayang. Rising salinity from daily flooding has made the soil in fertile. Before I don't care about climate change, when I hear about climate change, it's nothing. But now I see the difference, the impact and it's like worrying me. And I know I'm thinking maybe I'm going to move migrating to one of Australia or New Zealand another country because the sea rising level is increasing. I have two kids and then when I look for the kid, maybe I should move.
很久以前，这里是一个叫Manabaya的大房子，用来聚集人们、派对、庆典等活动，所有人离开这里之前都会来这里聚会，现在他们都移居到了大陆。Tibunganako仍是70个家庭的家园，是Abayang第二大的村庄。由于日常洪涝导致盐分升高，土壤逐渐贫瘠。以前我不在意气候变化，听到气候变化也不在意。但现在我看到了差异和影响，变得让我担心。我知道也许我会考虑搬迁到澳大利亚、新西兰或其他国家，因为海平面上升的速度越来越快。我有两个孩子，当我为孩子着想时，也许我应该搬家了。
But Caboad wants to stay. It's not a question of courage, he just feels connected to his home. We are from Kideebes. We are proud to be Kideebes. We want to die here. We don't want to go to overseas. We want to stay here. When we move, our culture will be disappeared.
但卡博德想留下来。这并不是勇气的问题，他只是感觉与他的家乡有联系。我们来自基迪贝斯。我们为成为基迪贝斯人而自豪。我们想在这里死去，不想去海外。我们想留在这里。当我们搬走的时候，我们的文化将会消失。
There are lots of people on Abayang who don't have work. Caboad is here on behalf of the government. This job is to show people how to make palm sugar. Caboad is looking for a worker named Takamba. Palm sugar is obtained from the sap, known locally as Tordi, of the palm blossom. Takamba has to climb to the top of a 20 meter coconut palm to collect it. Takamba has three bottles of Tordi so far. That's enough for now.
阿巴扬有很多人没有工作。卡博德代表政府来这里了。他的工作是向大家展示如何制作棕榈糖。卡博德在寻找一位叫塔坎巴的工人。棕榈糖是从棕榈花的树液中提取的，当地人称之为托迪。塔坎巴必须爬到20米高的椰子树顶部去采集。目前塔坎巴已经有了三瓶托迪。暂时够用了。
Caboad learned how to make palm sugar in Thailand, the government of Kireebes financed his training. The Kireebes government also paid for the equipment here. This is the Tordi fresh one. Until now, locals have only used the fresh palm syrup for drinks. No, we're going to pour the fresh water, the fresh study. So we want to evaporate the water in the Dordi so that we can crystallize the Dordi. Become sugar, the salt, buts.
Caboad在泰国学习了如何制作棕榈糖，Kireebes政府资助了他的培训。Kireebes政府还支付了这里的设备费用。这是Tordi新鲜的棕榈汁。到目前为止，当地人只用新鲜的棕榈糖浆来喝。不，我们要把新鲜的水和新鲜的棕榈糖汁混在一起。所以我们想把Dordi里的水蒸发掉，这样我们就可以把Dordi结晶成为糖、盐、坚果等。
The island of Abayang is the perfect place for producing palm sugar. There are thousands of coconut palms across the 37 kilometer island. In Kireebes, we only have the cobra cutting as a source of income. So our government tried to find ways which can help people to earn more money. And this is one of the income for the palm. It takes 7 liters of sap to produce 1 kilogram of palm sugar.
阿巴扬岛是生产棕榈糖的理想地点。这座37公里长的岛上有成千上万株椰子树。在基雷贝斯，我们只有蛇蜕皮作为收入来源。因此，我们的政府试图寻找帮助人们赚更多钱的方法。这是棕榈糖的一种收入来源。生产1公斤棕榈糖需要7升汁液。
This is how you have to do it. When you've reached this point, the fire mustn't be too hot. You have to stir it the whole time. Watch how I do it. You have to push the Tordi up the side until it becomes hard and powdery. The palm sugar from Abayang is set to be sold for 5 euros per kilo. We'll continue with this work. We can earn money that way and we can use that money to feed our families. This one is really good. The government has plans to export the palm sugar from Abayang around the world.
这就是你必须这样做的方式。当你达到这一点时，火不能太热。你必须一直搅拌它。观看我如何做到这一点。你必须把Tordi推到边上，直到它变得坚硬和粉末状。来自Abayang的棕榈糖定价为每公斤5欧元。我们将继续这项工作。这样我们可以赚钱，用这些钱来养家糊口。这个非常好。政府计划将Abayang的棕榈糖出口到全世界。
The cobra secured important contacts at the world's fair in Milan in 2015. This is the sugar from your palm sap. This is what it looks like. Do you want to try it? What do you think of the new sugar? It's not bad, right? Do you like it? It tastes like candy. This sugar is really different, much more delicious.
2015年在米兰世界博览会上，眼镜蛇取得了重要的联系。这是从你的椰子汁里提取的糖。这是它的呈现方式。你想尝尝吗？你觉得这种新糖怎么样？还不错吧？你喜欢吗？它尝起来像糖果。这种糖真的很不同，更加美味。
Traditional kiri-bas recipes are increasingly fading from memory. Women's rights activist and nutritionist Tonga Fiti Kras wants to fight that trend. To teach them how to eat food and how to prepare food, we just never do it before. To use the leaves and the helps that they have their own country and they never use it because they don't know it. You can use these palm leaves in many different ways, not just to swap flies. We'll wrap them around the fish, rip the leaves into two. When you cook these leaves, a liquid comes out that's very good for the stomach. You fold the leaves like this and wrap the fish. Fish has been prepared like this on kiri-bas for generations. They usually eat right food before but they want to import it from food cans and that's where things have gone wrong. Because in the caravan, the hospital has four people, six people. And we try to cut down the people to sick, you know, and receive the right food. So cut down the lack of vitamins in their food and not the economy. They can prevent any disease.
傳統的基里巴斯菜譜漸漸地從人們的記憶中消失。女權主義者和營養師通加·菲蒂·克拉斯希望對抗這種趨勢。教導人們如何食用和烹飪食物，這是我們從來沒有做過的。他們有自己國家的植物和資源，但由於不了解，他們從未使用過。這種椰子葉可以用多種方式，不僅僅是換蒼蠅。我們用椰子葉包裹魚，把葉子撕成兩半。烹煮這些葉子時，會釋放出對胃很有益的液體。你可以像這樣摺疊葉子然後包裹魚。在基里巴斯，魚早已用這種方式烹製了很多代。以前他們通常食用正確的食物，但現在卻想從罐頭裡進口食品，這就是事情出錯的地方。由於在房車裡，醫院裡有四個人、六個人等等，我們努力讓更少的人生病，享有健康的食物。從食品中減少維生素的缺乏，而不是從經濟方面出發，可以預防各種疾病。
You can eat every part of the squash, the flour, the stem, the skin, the seeds. When you cut the squash, make sure you don't cut the slices too thickly. Why do we want a lot of herbs in our soup? All these herbs have medicinal properties. Your body's taken these herbs and you get healthier. You're not just making a meal. You're also making medicine.
南瓜的每个部分都可以食用，包括果肉、荚茎、皮和种子。切南瓜时要注意不要切得太厚。为什么我们要在汤里加很多草药呢？这些草药都有药用性质，你的身体吸收这些草药后自然变得更健康了。你不仅仅在制作食物，同时也在制作药物。
Two-thirds of kiri-bas' population consumes a staple diet of fish and imported rice, a diet increasingly supplemented with high sugar foods, leading to rising rates of obesity and diabetes. I thank Tonga Fiti for this cooking class. I know more about cooking now. I have a young daughter at home. I'll cook with a lot of herbs and vegetables now so that she grows up healthy. Up until now, we've only used these herbs for our customs. We didn't know you could cook them. You can find everything she's showing us in the jungle. Nutritionist Tonga Fiti Cross' mission is far from over. She wants to share her knowledge in every village on Abayang.
基里巴斯三分之二的居民食用以鱼和进口米为主的主食，这种饮食越来越多地加入了高含糖食品，导致肥胖和糖尿病发病率不断上升。我感谢汤加·菲蒂这次烹饪课程。我现在更了解烹饪了。我家里有一个年轻的女儿，我将使用很多香草和蔬菜烹饪，让她健康成长。直到现在，我们只在传统习俗中使用这些香草。我们不知道它们可以被用来做菜。营养学家汤加·菲蒂的使命还远未结束。她希望在阿巴扬每个村庄分享她的知识。
Traditional community centres on kiri-bas are called Manyeba. The structures provide shade and protection against strong winds and rain. Bayaang is home to one of the largest manyebas in the region.
基里巴斯传统社区中心被称为马尼耶巴。这些建筑物提供阴凉和保护，防止强风雨侵袭。巴扬拥有该地区最大的马尼耶巴之一。
The Environmental Protection Organization, Kiri Can, has invited representatives from several villages. Together, they're seeking ways to ensure potable water supplies. So it is so important that we know that water is fresh, water is clean, and water is good for everyone so that we can only live long as happy, care-based people. Climate activist Vasiti is also working to combat the salinisation of drinking water. Sometimes sea water flows into my well and floods it. All the dirt gets in and we have no water to drink. Our ground water used to be fresh and clean. We could drink it.
环保组织基里坎邀请了数个村庄的代表，共同寻求确保饮用水供应的方法。因此，我们知道水是新鲜的、干净的、对每个人都有益非常重要，这样我们才能做一个长寿、快乐和仁爱的人。气候活动家瓦斯提也致力于对抗饮用水的盐化。有时海水会流入我的井里并淹没它，所有的污垢都会流进去，我们就没有水喝了。我们的地下水曾经是新鲜干净的，我们可以饮用它。
Today it's salty and unpalatable. The wells near the sea are flooded quite regularly and become spoiled by the salt. If we were to wash with that water, it'd feel like washing and seawater. The salinity of water supplies isn't the only problem. Supplying clean drinking water is another challenge. Village representatives present their solutions. We opted for this solar pump. To make it work, we need equipment such as pipes to pump the well water to the houses. We thought about what would be the best solution for everyone. That's why we chose a desalination plant. We need a hand pump to supply ourselves with water.
今天水太咸了，不好喝。靠近海边的井经常淹水，水被盐污染了。如果我们用那种水来洗澡，就像是用海水洗澡一样。水供应的咸度不是唯一的问题。提供清洁饮用水也是另一个挑战。村民代表提出了他们的解决方案。我们选择了这个太阳能水泵。要让它发挥作用，我们需要像管子这样的设备来将井水抽到房子里。我们考虑了什么对每个人来说都是最好的解决方案。这就是为什么我们选择了一个海水淡化厂。我们需要一个手动泵来供水。
You've suggested a number of ideas. It's important that the solution is cheap and will work for a long time. We're going to lay out all of your criteria on the floor here. Which solution will win? The village delegates are asked to vote. That's an important part of the process says Kirikans Australian Development Aid worker, Robert Kay. This process isn't going to lead us to a project. It's really just getting people to think about the kinds of things. The questions they should be asking when confronted with a new project or don't bring aid to the community.
你提出了很多想法。最重要的是方案要廉价，并且可以长期使用。我们将把您的所有标准列在这里的地板上。哪个方案会获胜？村庄代表被要求进行投票。澳大利亚开发援助工作者Kirikans的罗伯特·凯表示，这是这个过程中的一个重要环节。这个过程不会带领我们实现一个项目。它只是让人们思考各种事情的类型。当面对新项目或不给社区带来援助时，他们应该问什么问题。
There's not much export that comes out of Kiribas, so there's no foreign income coming in. Which is difficult because often you need the materials and the money, but I think you. Someone needs to break a dependency cycle. Peliniza Al-Aufa founded the Environmental Protection Organisation Kirikan. Her goal is to support the people in Kiribas in their battle against climate change.
基里巴斯几乎没有出口，因此没有外汇收入。这很困难，因为通常你需要材料和钱，但我认为你可以。有人需要打破依赖循环。Peliliza Al-Aufa创立了基里巴斯环保组织Kirikan。她的目标是支持基里巴斯人在应对气候变化方面的斗争。
In Kiribas, most of the time the priority need for our people is water. And that's why we got water into these communities. The water is the priority. We brought water tanks to collect or to harvest the rain. Over the next few months, every extended family will be supplied with their own water tank and solar panels to generate electricity, part of a program funded by international aid.
在基里巴斯，我们的人民最需要的是水，这是我们的首要需求。因此，我们把水引进了这些社区。我们带来了水箱，用于收集或收获雨水。在接下来的几个月里，每个大家庭都将获得自己的水箱和太阳能电池板，以产生电力，这是一项由国际援助资助的计划的一部分。
People will be forced to leave if we do not step in right now, today to help them to adapt to stay. That's what adaptation is all about, for people to remain in their own homes, in their own. continue with their life and their culture. I wouldn't imagine my people living to another country that is not theirs because we have a very deep connection with our land. But moving away to somewhere where you do not belong to you, you will always become my second-class person. In your heart, you know that you don't belong there.
如果我们现在不立即采取行动帮助人们适应居住环境，他们就会被迫离开。这就是适应的意义所在，使人们能够留在自己的家园中，继续自己的生活和文化。我无法想象我的人民居住在不属于他们的国家，因为我们与我们的土地有着非常深刻的联系。但是，如果你搬到一个不属于自己的地方，你就会成为我的二等公民。在心里，你知道自己不属于那里。
We're back on the main atoll of Tarawa. The Marine Training Centre is a window of opportunity to a better life for many young Kiribas. Up to 150 students train here every year to become seafarers, ship mechanics and cooks. Morning, great. Morning, sir! Ferdinand, this is right. The drill at the training centre's strict, as is the morning roll call. 96-11 and 97-24. Not again during the breakfast master. So that's what now I each.
我们回到塔拉瓦的主环礁了。海军训练中心对许多基里巴斯的年轻人来说是通向更好生活的机会之窗。每年最多有150名学生在这里接受培训，成为海员、船舶机械师和厨师。早上好！早上好，先生！费迪南德，这样对了。训练中心的演练很严格，早晨点名也是如此。96-11和97-24。别在早餐时再来一遍了。那么这就是我的早餐了。
45-f-39 long fingernails for now. Long live the seven!
现在留着长长的指甲。七之王万岁！
The punishment here in the NPC is the scale. So if the train is found, ten fingers, long fingernails, not wearing the young achieve, torn uniform, etc. in proper shape, that's to be punished. The train has to be punished for now. The train is after a rehearsal docking maneuver on the deck of a training ship today. Among them is 25-year-old Tamawera. Seven people at the stern and the wrist at the spring, right? So let's start two plus one. Let's go, spring first.
在NPC，这里的惩罚是有不同程度的。所以，如果发现列车存在问题，例如手指、指甲、不佩戴学员证、衣服破损等，就会进行相应的惩罚。现在必须对这辆火车进行惩罚。这辆火车今天在训练船上进行了排练对接演习。其中有25岁的Tamawera。船尾有七个人，手腕在弹簧上，对吧？所以我们开始二加一，首先是弹簧。
Sea fairers from Kiribati are in demand, particularly on German vessels. Six shipping companies from Hamburg have offices on Tarawa, supervised by Andrew Heinsen. He holds the locals in higher steam and finds jobs for them on ships from all around the world.
基里巴斯的海员特别受德国船公司的青睐。来自汉堡的六家船务公司在塔拉瓦设有办事处，由安德鲁·海因森监管。他非常看重当地人，并为他们在全球各地的船只上找到工作。
I'm all at my first kerstet. Firstly, the people who grow up on these islands have a strong connection to water. They've been fishing and spending time on the water since childhood. They're strong. In my experience, it takes just one Kiribati to do a job that needs two Filipinos. These 15 months are a process. They have to be on time be clean and well dressed, because they'll be confronted with a completely different world. The trainees have to work hard for their dream all week long. The demands are great. Tamuera only sees his wife and one-year-old daughter at the weekends. He currently shares a dorm room with 19 other sailors. This is my bed, and that's my mattress, made of palm leaves. I roll out the mattress every night. This is what it looks like. This is how I sleep. Like this. That's it, eh?
我刚到了我的第一个圣诞节。首先，这些岛屿上长大的人与水有着紧密的联系。他们从小就在捕鱼和水上消磨时间。他们很强壮。根据我的经验，一个基里巴斯人可以完成需要两个菲律宾人的工作。这15个月是一个过程。他们必须按时保持清洁和衣着整洁，因为他们将会面对完全不同的世界。学员必须为自己的梦想全周辛勤工作。要求很高。Tamuera只能在周末看到他的妻子和一岁的女儿。他现在和19名其他水手分享一个宿舍。这是我的床，那是由棕叶制成的我的床垫。我每晚都会铺开床垫，像这样睡觉。就是这样。
I chose to train as a merchant marine, because it gives me the chance to provide for my family. It's my dream to continue my training. I'm going to be able to do it. After I finish this program, the training center has a good reputation on Kiribati, but even this modern complex faces increasing bouts of flooding. As you can see, the entrance to the basin has become blocked by sand. It's built up here overnight, because a small section of the sea wall has broken. The water was a bit higher than usual, and lacking or insufficient maintenance caused it to break. The current deposited the sand here. People mess about with everything, just like they do in Europe.
我选择接受商船训练，是因为它能让我为家庭提供支持。继续训练是我的梦想，我相信我能够达成它。在完成这个计划之后，训练中心在基里巴斯有很好的声誉，但是即使这个现代化的建筑群也面临着越来越多的洪水侵袭。你可以看到，港池入口已经被沙土堵塞了。这是因为一小段海堤坍塌了，夜里造成了这里的积沙。洪水比平时高了一点，缺乏或不足的维护导致海堤坍塌，而洪水则将这些沙土带到了这里。人们在欧洲做的一样，到处弄东西。
Along this causeway, you can see that the water exchange is restricted to just a small aperture. All the water from the lagoon has to squeeze through it. Human interference with nature, with disastrous consequences, not least because it's changed ocean currents. The causeway is a costly, never-ending construction site.
沿着这条堤道，你可以看到水交换被限制在一个小的开口上。所有来自泻湖的水都必须挤过这个小口。人为地干预自然，导致了灾难性的后果，其中最大的问题是改变了海洋的洋流。这条堤道是一个昂贵、永无止境的建设工地。
The primary school in Bonricchi, every morning begins with a prayer, more than 90% of Kiribati's population is Christian. In the water, the village is covered with water. The village is covered with water, the village is covered with water. In the water, the village is covered with water. The village is covered with water, the village is covered with water. School is compulsory for children between the ages of 6 and 14. Good morning, boys and girls. Good morning, teacher. The Hava Tobi today is very soon. Fine, let's change. Okay, let's hear from the wisdom. What is the meaning of this word? Climate change. The change in meta-batants over long period of time. How is climate okay? How is this urban? How is this okay? It's a very difficult question. Climate change from global. Is this right? Yes, this is right. Now, these are the three causes, or spite global warming. Civil rights, trials, heavyweight.
在邦里克基小学，每天早晨都会开始祷告，基里巴斯人口中90%以上是基督教徒。水中，这个村庄被水覆盖。村庄被水覆盖，村庄被水覆盖。在水中，这个村庄被水覆盖。对于6岁至14岁的儿童，上学是强制性的。早上好，孩子们。早上好，老师。今天Hava Tobi很快就要到了。好的，让我们换一下。好的，让我们听听智慧。这个词的意思是什么？气候变化。长时间内代谢物的变化。气候怎么样？这个城市怎么样？这是一个非常困难的问题。气候变化来自全球。这个对吗？是的，这是对的。现在，这是三个因素，尽管全球变暖。公民权利，审判，重量级。
So, what does the future hold for Kiribati's children? It's a subject addressed in primary schools. We want to alert the children to what's going on here and how they can deal with the problem. The children are scared of climate change. The children's fears differ from those of their teacher, but they're all very concrete. She's scared of the future too. We can emigrate to another country or confront the problem and live with it. I always tell my students that we have to find ways to prevent soil erosion. We have to build sea walls and plant mangroves. We mustn't cut down our trees anymore.
那么，基里巴斯的孩子们未来会面临什么？这是小学中讨论的一个议题。我们希望提醒孩子们，关注这里正在发生的事情，以及他们如何应对这个问题。孩子们害怕气候变化。孩子们的恐惧与老师的不同，但都非常具体。她也害怕未来。我们可以移民到另一个国家，或者面对这个问题并与之共存。我总是告诉我的学生，我们必须找到防止土壤侵蚀的方法。我们必须建造海堤和种植红树林。我们不能再砍伐我们的树木了。
The children have drawn pictures to illustrate what they think will happen as a result of global warming. Our beaches will be washed away this boy says we're using too much fuel. In this girl's picture, the land is submerged. Everyone she says is swimming in the water because the ocean is washed away the land. If sea levels continue to rise, she says, we'll all die. These children are growing up with a palpable fear of the future. This girl tells us her home was flooded just last week. It happened while she was sleeping. Her mother woke her up and carried her out of the house. This girl says she's very scared about climate change. She believes many people are responsible for it, but as a child, there's nothing she can do about it.
孩子们画了一些图画来说明他们认为全球变暖会带来什么后果。其中一个小男孩表示，由于我们使用了太多的燃料，沙滩将会被冲走。在这个女孩的画面中，大片土地被淹没了。她说每个人都在水中游泳，因为海洋已经淹没了陆地。如果海平面继续上升，她说我们都会死亡。这些孩子从小就对未来持有强烈的恐惧感。其中一个女孩告诉我们，她家上周被洪水淹了。当时她正在睡觉，被母亲叫醒并带出了家门。这个女孩表示，她非常害怕气候变化。她认为许多人都应该对此负责，但是作为一个孩子，她无能为力。
The village of Bonricchi has become increasingly susceptible to flooding after heavy rainfall, often the high water lasts for days. Trainii seafarer, tamoeira and his wife Beto-Awa have bought a small house here. We're going to live here in the future. I'm currently living with my wife and my daughter with my parents, but we'll move in soon. Once I've completed my training at the Marine Center and I'm earning money by working on a ship, I want to start raising my children here.
在暴雨之后，波恩里奇村越来越容易遭受洪水袭击，通常高水位会持续数天之久。海员Trainii、Tamoeira和他的妻子Beto-Awa在这里买了一座小屋。我们将来会在这里居住。我现在和妻子、女儿住在我的父母家，但我们很快就会搬到这里来。等我在海洋中心完成培训，通过在船上工作赚钱之后，我想在这里开始抚养我的孩子们。
I want to have a garden here, but I have to plow the soil first. I want to build a fence and plant sweet potatoes and tapioca. Maybe let us too. As a crew member on a large container ship, tamoeira will be able to earn up to $700 a month. That will place him in Kiribati's middle class. I'm very excited to be moving here. I'm so proud of him. When he gets a job and starts earning money, we'll be able to build something and have a bigger family. If he didn't have a job, we'd have a lot of problems. We wouldn't be able to lead this life. I'm very happy.
我想在这里建一个花园，但必须先翻耕土地。我想建一面篱笆，种点甜薯和木薯。也许我们也可以试试。作为大型集装箱船上的船员，Tamoeira 每个月能赚到高达700美元的工资，这将使他成为基里巴斯的中产阶层。我很兴奋能搬到这里，为他感到非常自豪。当他找到工作并赚钱时，我们就能建一些房子，还能拥有更大的家庭。如果他没有工作，我们会有很多问题。我们将无法过这样的生活。我很开心。
When night falls on taroah, the fishermen sometimes recall a centuries old fishing method. Teoraita and Matayo, lighter 3-meter torch made of palm leaves on the beach at Tomaikou. The warm light of the fire lures small, tasty refish into the shallow water. It's not like it used to be when there were fewer people here. Population growth has fueled an increase in fishing because of rising demand. Many fishermen now use neon lights to attract fish. It's rare that Teoraita and Matayo catch any fish with their traditional fishing method these days. I've only caught a Tuwaro.
当夜幕降临在塔罗阿时，渔民们有时会回想起一个有着几世纪历史的捕鱼方法。Teoraita和Matayo在Tomaikou海滩上用棕榈叶制作的3米长的轻型手电筒。火光温热的光芒诱惑小而美味的鱼儿涌进浅水区。这和过去不同，当时这里的人口较少，人口增长催生了捕鱼需求的增加。如今，许多渔民使用霓虹灯来吸引鱼儿。如今，用传统的捕鱼方法捕到鱼儿已经是稀有的事情了。我只捕到了一个叫做图瓦罗的鱼儿。
It's hard to catch fish these days. I feel the current has changed. The fishermen wonder whether climate change is to blame for that too. The fisheries ministry of Kiribats, marine biologists Arantai Tekeao, has been investigating the health of the coral reef around taroah and the surrounding atolls for more than 10 years. Using measuring tapes, he and his team regularly monitor coral growth and health. What we are seeing is the more important thing is that the fishermen are able to get rid of the fish. The water growth and health.
最近捕鱼很难了，感觉水流有变化。渔民们想知道气候变化是否也应该为此承担责任。基里巴斯的渔业部和海洋生物学家Arantai Tekeao已经持续十多年调查塔罗阿岛及其周边环礁的珊瑚礁健康状况。他和团队经常使用测量卷尺监测珊瑚生长和健康情况。我们所看到的更重要的事情是，渔民们是否能够摆脱捕鱼难题。水域的生长和健康同样重要。
What we are seeing is the more popular corals now are the ones that are adapting and are more resilient to change, to increase in temperature. They're surviving more in the hot temperatures. They're spreading over, which is okay in a sense that the corals are dying. They're spreading. There are lots of them. But it's only, it's like survival of the fittest. The fishermen are able to cut the stony corals among the winners of climate change. They seem to be particularly happy in the waters around Kiribats. Because they're so resilient to the change, that's why they're really improving their coral harvest massive. Even they could have been survived storms and stuff like that. A hope for Kiribats, but only healthy coral reefs can grow with the rising sea levels. The coral break waters and provide important protection for the islands during major storm surges.
我们看到的是，现在更受欢迎的珊瑚是那些适应和更能够抵御气温升高的品种。它们在炎热的气温中更容易存活，更能够扩散，这也可以解释为为什么这些珊瑚的数量会增加。但这种情况只是像是适者生存。渔民们在气候变化中的优胜者中，特别是那些能够切割硬珊瑚的人。这些珊瑚在吉里巴斯周围的水域中特别繁荣，因为它们对气候变化的适应能力很强，所以渔民也可以大规模地捕捞。它们甚至可以在风暴等自然灾害中存活下来。尽管这为吉里巴斯带来了希望，但只有健康的珊瑚礁才能随着海平面的上升而生长。珊瑚礁可以在重大风暴潮期间打断水域并提供重要的保护措施。
Here in South Dakota, where there's an open area, there's a lot of factors affecting coral reefs, construction and infrastructure. The main thing is it is rubbish. Since there's a very high population here in South Dakota, which causes rubbish and waste. And to the coral reefs, that's putting heavy pressure on it. As a result, there are signs of degradation among weaker coral species in many reefs around taroah.
在南达科他州，如果开阔区域中有珊瑚礁，建设和基础设施会对其造成很多影响，其中主要的问题是垃圾。由于南达科他州的人口非常多，这就导致了垃圾和废弃物的增加。这对于珊瑚礁来说施加了重压。因此，在taroh周围的许多珊瑚礁中，弱一些的珊瑚物种出现了退化迹象。
The population is set to double on taroah over the next 20 years. Climate coordinator Choi Yeating and the government of Kiribats face a huge challenge. Unless we find a solution now to address this problem, if we were to top up the land here, sand and reclaim it, that may be an option. The government has even considered moving its people onto artificial floating islands, futuristic visions and exorbitantly expensive designs by international architects. It requires a period of constant development and it's very hard to do with the lack of resources that we have.
在未来的20年内，塔罗阿岛的人口将翻倍。气候协调员Choi Yeating和基里巴斯政府面临着巨大挑战。除非我们现在找到解决这个问题的办法，如果我们在这里抬高土地、挖沙子和维修，这可能是一个选择。政府甚至考虑将其人民迁移到人工浮岛上，这是国际建筑师未来主义的愿景和代价昂贵的设计。这需要不断发展的时期，而我们缺乏资源，这是非常困难的。
Science tells us we have a time line. It's something that we're very hard to accept right now. It may be that in just 50 years, Kiribats will no longer exist. It could be the first country to be wiped off the map by climate change. There's still hope, very small window of hope, I guess, yeah. The priorities is something that'll keep you going. Maybe the end not yet for Kiribats, yeah, we still have. But I still will be a Kiribats.
科学告诉我们，我们有一个时间线。目前我们很难接受这个事实。可能在仅仅50年内，基里巴斯将不再存在。它可能成为第一个被气候变化抹去的国家。但仍有希望，虽然只有微乎其微的一线之间。关键是保持优先考虑的态度可以让你前行。也许基里巴斯的末日未至，我们还有机会。但我会始终是基里巴斯人。