Designing A Next-Gen Ionic Thruster! (For Flight)
发布时间 2022-09-17 22:12:06 来源
摘要
If jet turbines are the evolution of a propeller, what is the evolution of ionic thrust? In my attempt to answer that - I built a next-gen ionic thruster, and only shocked myself about a dozen times in the process. Thank you to Steven Barret at MIT for providing his airplane footage, and to Keysight for supporting this video.
KEYSIGHT WORLD: INNOVATE: https://keysig.ht/wc2rEQ
Check out the new merch here: https://crowdmade.com/collections/plasmachannel
Thank you to John for providing the powersource!
Support / Follow Plasma Channel on:
Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/PlasmaChannel
Twitter: https://twitter.com/ChannelPlasma
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/PlasmaChannel
Instagram: Plasma_Channel_Official
=======================
***Music credits***
======================
Title screen music:
Song: Sappheiros - Awake
Music provided by Vlog No Copyright Music.
Creative Commons - Attribution 3.0 Unported
Video Link: https://youtu.be/yp85LRnSamM
All other music provided by Epidemic Sounds
I am also a television actor! Follow me on IMDB
My IMDB: https://www.imdb.com/name/nm6578948/
#experiment #innovation #flight
GPT-4正在为你翻译摘要中......
中英文字稿 
This airflow is resulting from a very special type of thruster using an exotic type of power. You see, the early 1900s saw all forms of high voltage innovation. Violet wands were curing sorrists and crippled knees. Radio was captivating the world and ignition coils led to a new form of ground transportation.
这股气流是由一种非常特殊的推进器所产生，使用的是一种稀有的能源类型。你知道，20世纪初看到了所有形式的高电压创新。紫色电棒可以治疗骨科病和跛脚。收音机在迷人的世界中占据了地位，点火线圈引领了一种新型的地面交通工具。
Fast forward to 2018 and MIT took to the skies with an ionic thrust airplane. Ah, they beat me to it. Their design was brilliant and included aspects from a decades old device called an ionic lifter. Which we'll talk more about later.
快速跳转到2018年，麻省理工学院利用离子推力飞机进入天空。啊，他们抢先了。他们的设计非常出色，包含了一个几十年前称为离子提升器的设备的方面。我们稍后再谈更多有关它的事情。
But it honestly got me thinking, you know, what is a step beyond the classic ionic lifter design? Jet turbines are an evolution of the propeller, so what is the evolution of ionic thrust? Well, after weeks of routing, sanding, cutting, measuring, grinding, welding, winding, and gluing, here's my attempt to answer that. This is a multi-stage ionic thruster.
说实话，这让我思考了，你知道，经典离子提升器设计之外的下一步是什么？喷气涡轮是螺旋桨的进化，那么离子推力的进化是什么？几周的规划、砂磨、切割、测量、研磨、焊接、绕线和粘合后，这是我尝试回答的结果。这是一个多级离子推进器。
Unlike a traditional fan or turbine, it doesn't use moving parts to accelerate air. It uses specialized electrodes and a family-friendly 40,000 volts. You could say I'm a fan. Oh! Ha ha ha! I ionic thrust is still in its infancy. It's kind of an emerging tech, so to speak.
与传统的风扇或涡轮不同，它不使用活动部件加速空气。它使用专门的电极和适合家庭的40,000伏电压。你可以说我是一个支持者。哦！哈哈哈！离子推进技术仍处于初级阶段。可以说它是一种新兴技术。
And if that's your thing, you will love a Keysight technology that's gearing up for. Let's take a look. It's a huge virtual event called Keysight World Innovate, where industry leaders, experts, and legit futurists will share their vision of the future state of technology.
如果这是你的兴趣所在，你肯定会喜欢 Keysight 正在推出的一项技术。让我们来看看。这是一个名为 Keysight 世界创新的巨大虚拟事件，行业领袖、专业人士和合法的未来学家将分享他们对技术未来状态的愿景。
Their topics are pretty epic, including 5G and 6G tech, electric and autonomous vehicle advances, quantum technology, digital twins, and AI. And what's crazy is Keysight World Innovate is a free 4-day event. Each day is about 90 minutes and includes two keynotes from industry leaders, as well as a panel discussion. Dates and times vary depending on location, but it starts with the Americas, which runs from October 4th to the 7th, and Europe's event kicks off on October 11th.
他们的话题非常宏大，包括5G和6G技术，电动和自动驾驶汽车的发展，量子技术，数字孪生和人工智能。令人惊讶的是，Keysight World Innovate是一项免费的为期4天的活动。每天大约为90分钟，包括两个来自行业领袖的主题演讲以及一个小组讨论。日期和时间因地点而异，但活动将从10月4日到7日在美洲启动，欧洲的活动将于10月11日开始。
There are also dedicated events for other countries and languages, so basically it's a big deal. I'll have to link down below, so I'll see you there.
除此之外，还有为其他国家和语言专门举办的活动，总之这是一件大事。我会在下面放链接，我们待会儿见。
Okay, at its fundamental level, anachwinde is actually pretty simple. It's essentially air movement resulting from a DC electric field. With Hina voltages, a sharp positive electrode will ionize the surrounding air molecules.
在基本层面上，anachwinde实际上非常简单。它基本上是由于直流电场产生的空气运动。在高电压下，尖锐的正电极将使周围空气分子电离。
That's the glow you see and what's coming up later. Those charged molecules are then repelled away and attracted to a wider ground electrode. In the process, they bump into other neutral air molecules and end up creating a flow of wind in that dedicated direction, called electrohydrodynamic thrust. Or if you're not a schmuck, you just call it ionic wind.
这就是您看到的发光效果及随后出现的东西。那些被充电的分子被推离并吸引到更广泛的地面电极上。在这个过程中，它们会撞上其他中性空气分子，最终在那个专门的方向上形成一股风流，被称为电流体动力推力。或者如果您不是一个傻瓜，您只需要称其为离子风。
Ionic lifters take this to the next level, and are wonderful at demonstrating thrust using ionic wind. When a high DC voltage is applied, usually from a big external power source, air flows downward from a thin suspended wire towards the grounded metal body, which causes lift. It's a design that's time tested, tried and true, so I'm going to borrow from it.
Ionic升降机将这一技术推向了新的水平，通过使用离子风来展示推力。当高电压（通常通过大型外部电源提供）被施加时，空气从细悬挂的电线向接地的金属体下方流动，从而产生升力。这是一个经过时间验证的设计，可靠性已经得到证明，因此我将借鉴这种设计。
And since this next gen thruster is kind of a newer idea, I had a few requirements for my build. First, I need to determine what relationship voltage and thrust share. So I needed an adjustable high voltage supply. And thanks to one of my Patreons, it was a cinch. Thank you.
因为下一代推力器是一种比较新的想法，所以我的构建有一些要求。首先，我需要确定电压和推力之间的关系。因此，我需要一个可调高电压供应。感谢我的一位赞助者，这变得非常简单。谢谢。
Luckily, I've built many voltage multipliers over the years, and I had a spare one sitting around. When powered by this 10kV flyback supply that was donated to me, it provides anywhere from 10 to 60kV, which I can simply tap into for each test. Second is there an optimum spacing between electrodes? I don't know, so I'd like the distance between electrodes to be adjustable. And lastly, thrust to weight ratio is super critical that this is ever going to be a feasible idea.
幸运的是，我在这些年里制造了许多电压倍增器，并且我还有一个备用的。当由捐赠给我的这个10千伏回火线圈供应电源时，它提供了10至60千伏的电压，我可以为每次测试简单地接入它。第二个问题是电极之间有一个最佳的间距吗？我不知道，所以我希望电极之间的距离是可调的。最后，推重比对于这个想法是否真正可行是至关重要的。
So I want to keep this build really light, maybe under a pound, pound and a half. With weight in mind, I cruised out to plasma plastics to gather my supplies. I found some lighter materials and began the massacre. So it took a little bit longer than I'd like because I redesigned it twice, but here's the final result.
我想让这个构建尽可能轻，可能不到一磅，一磅半。考虑重量，我出去到等离子塑料公司收集材料。我找到了一些更轻的材料，开始制作。因为我设计了两次，所以花了比我想象中更长的时间，但这是最终结果。
Each circular support contains a length of wire to act as the positive electrode, and these neon green squares hold the ground electrodes. The positive electrodes are wired together in parallel, and the negative electrodes are wired in parallel as well. So all the segments receive power at the same time.
每个圆形支撑架都包含一段作为正电极的电线，而这些霓虹绿色的方块则是接地电极。正电极被并联在一起，负电极也被并联在一起，所以所有的分段都同时接收电力。
意思是，每个圆形支撑架都有一根电线作为正极，方块则是接地电极。正极被连在一起，负极也被连在一起，以确保每个部分同时接收电力。
It's a little more fragile than I'd prefer, but I'm excited. Partly by chance, it ended perfectly within my weight limits at just over a pound. This entire build was about creating thrust, right? So I needed to find a quantifiable way to measure airflow in the first place.
这个东西比我想象的要稍微脆弱一点，但我还是很兴奋。有些是出于偶然，但它完美地落在了我预设的重量标准上，只有超过一磅。这整个构建过程的目的都是为了产生推力，对吧？因此，我需要找到一种可量化的方法来首先测量空气流量。
Well, after a quick Amazonian search, I found this incredible little wind meter for cheap, which can measure down about 0.1 meters per second. This will provide quantitative measurements. I also bought some yummy strawberry candles to qualitatively show any air currents that develop.
嗯，在亚马逊上搜寻了一下后，我找到了这个价格便宜的令人惊艳的小风速计，它可以测量约0.1米每秒的风速。这将提供定量测量。我还买了一些美味的草莓蜡烛，以质量上展示任何形成的空气流动。
For the upcoming testing, I built this stand that serves a couple of really important purposes. So first of all, it holds everything in place, it stabilizes it, but most importantly, it provides electrical isolation from whatever surface it's being tested on.
为了即将进行的测试，我建造了这个支架，它具有几个非常重要的作用。首先，它可以固定和稳定地支撑一切，但最重要的是，它可以提供电气隔离，使测试物不受测试表面的影响。
To start out, I set spacing randomly at an inch and a half, making sure that all sections were identical, and selected a random voltage of 20 kilobolds. Here goes nothing. Is it operational? Oh, that's gonna leave a mark. So round two, I'm gonna give it a lot more voltage, and I realized that the candles were out of the way of the airflow in the first place. So I've lifted them up into the path of destruction. I really hope this works, because I spend a lot of time building this. Oh! It works! A lighter didn't stand much of a chance either, and could be blown out as far back as 304 feet off camera.
首先，我将间距随机设定为1.5英寸，确保所有部分都是相同的，并选择了一个随机电压为20千伏的电压。现在开始。能正常工作吗？哦，这会留下痕迹的。那么第二轮，我会给它更多的电压，并意识到蜡烛一开始就不在空气流动的路线上。所以我把它们移到了破坏的路径中。我真诚地希望这能够成功，因为我花费了很多时间建造它。哦！成功了！打火机也没有什么机会，甚至可能被吹到摄像机外304英尺的远处。
I'm assuming the airflow coming out of this is somewhat laminar, let's take a look. That's so cool. Super exciting. I still want to be able to visualize the airflow though, and I think I have a solution. A little chunk of dry ice is gonna do wonders in terms of visualizing the airflow. Oh my god. Woo! Converting inward.
我假设这个出来的空气流畅度还不错，我们来看一下。太酷了。超级令人兴奋。我仍然想要能够看到空气流动，我认为我有一个解决方案。一小块干冰可以在可视化空气流动方面起到奇妙的作用。哦天哪。赞！向内转换。
I was curious about the hard numbers though, so it came the wind meter. I started spacing at one inch and tapped the third stage from the multiplier, providing 33kV. As you can see, this led to a velocity of 1.6m a second. Next, I selected one stage higher on the multiplier, providing 45kV. This led to an increase in velocity up to 1.9m per second. I then selected a higher stage, providing 56kV and fire hose that 80. With that change, it broke 2m a second. Finally, I tapped into the highest voltage as willing to test at 66kV and cross my fingers. This also led to an identical wind velocity of 2m a second. I repeated this process for 1.5 inch and 2 inch spacing, which provided really clear data. 2 inches results in a bismovalocities of 1.3m a second. 1.5 inches showed an increase up to 1.8m a second, and 1 inch spacing was king at 2m per second. Placing them together shows a pretty obvious trend.
我对具体的数字很感兴趣，于是我使用风速计进行实验。我从乘数器的第三级开始，以一英寸的间距进行测试，提供33千伏电压，结果得到了1.6米每秒的风速。接下来，我选择了乘数器更高的一级，提供45千伏电压，使风速增加到1.9米每秒。然后，我选择更高的电压，提供56千伏电压，把身旁的消防水枪全部打开。这一改变，使风速达到了2米每秒。最后，我决定冒险测试最高电压，选择66千伏电压，结果风速也达到了2米每秒。我将这个过程重复了一次，测试了1.5英寸和2英寸的间距，获得了非常明确的数据。2英寸的间距得到了1.3米每秒的风速，1.5英寸的间距则增加到了1.8米每秒，而1英寸的间距则表现最好，风速达到了2米每秒。将它们放在一起，趋势显然很明显。
Up to this point, I've just used uniform spacing. So, what about staggered spacing? I've got a set up with 1.5 inch in the front, 1.5 inch in the middle, and 1 inch spacing in the back. Let's try that. Ooh! That's a huge increase! Staggered spacing was a total underdog and provided a 15% higher velocity at 2.3m a second.
到目前为止，我一直使用的是均匀间距。那么，间隔排列呢？我设置了前端1.5英寸，中间1.5英寸，后端1英寸的间距。让我们试试看。哦！那是一个巨大的增长！间隔排列是一个完全的局外人，提供了比2.3米每秒更高15％的速度。
I was pretty happy with the numbers, but then I decided to turn out the lights. And what you're about to see is why I love this field of physics. God, it's just the most gorgeous display of plasma I've ever seen. It's like a plasma force field, and the still frames are on a whole new level. I could look at these all day. Let me know in the comments if you want to see more of these.
我对这些数据感到非常高兴，但后来我决定关掉灯光。你即将看到的是我为什么热爱这个物理领域的原因。天哪，这是我见过的最美丽的等离子体展示。就像一个等离子体力场，而静止的画面则是全新的水平。我可以整天看这些。如果你想看更多，请在评论中让我知道。
Okay, so for this design, about 45 kilovoltz and staggered spacing produced the fastest airflow at 2.3m a second, which consumed about 90 watts of power. But what is that equate to in terms of thrust? Well, as opposed to calculating, I chose to measure it in real time with the help of some nylon spacers.
好的，对于这个设计，使用大约45千伏的电压和错开的间距可以产生最快的气流，速度为2.3米每秒，耗电约90瓦。但是，这相当于哪种推力呢？嗯，我选择实时测量来代替计算，借助一些尼龙间距块。
I've got the thrust there turned upside down so that it's sucking in air at the base and then actually thrusting upward, so it's pressing down on the scale. I've got about an inch gap at the base to let additional airflow in. Let's do this. Initiate screaming banshee. Okay, 21 grams of thrust. Oh, 22 grams of thrust. That's not bad. 22 grams of thrust isn't a bad start. It's actually the weight of this empty can right here. And the thrust are weighs 490 grams, so that's about a 4.5% thrust to weight ratio at around 4.1 watts per gram of thrust.
我把推力颠倒过来，让它在底部吸入空气，然后向上推进，它压在秤上。底部有约一英寸的间隙，以便进一步增加空气流量。现在开始，咆哮的女妖。好的，21克的推力。哦，22克的推力。不错。22克的推力已经不错了。这正是这个空罐子的重量。推力计重490克，所以推重比约为4.5%，推力每克4.1瓦。
That might not seem like much, but I already know some design changes I can make to shave the weight by 50% while effectively doubling the effect of airflow. So this design has a potential of 18%.
这可能看起来不算太多，但我已经知道了一些设计变化可以使重量减轻50%，同时有效地将气流效果提升一倍。因此，这个设计有18%的潜力。
But is this series stack design an improvement over a single stage design in the first place? 2.3 meters a second was with power being provided to all the segments at once in parallel. So I'm going to disconnect power to the first segment and see how that affects velocity. Yeet. Woo! Moment of faith.
但是这个系列的堆叠设计是否比第一阶段的设计有所改进呢？2.3米每秒是当所有部分同时并联供电时的速度。所以我要断开第一段的电源，看看它对速度的影响。耶！好厉害！需要一点勇气。
After disconnecting various stages, I found the answer is yes. Two stages results in a 33% increase and three stages a 50% increase in velocity. This design represents my attempt at improving ionic thrusters, and I'd like to call it the BSI thruster. It's also the first step towards me designing an ionic thrust airplane of my own design.
在断开不同级别之后，我发现答案是肯定的。两级引擎会导致速度增加33％，三级引擎则会导致速度增加50％。这种设计代表了我尝试改进离子推进器的努力，我想称之为BSI推进器。这也是我设计自己的离子推进飞机的第一步。
I love how it turned out, but it does have some inefficiencies. I'm thinking of three in particular. Let me know in the comments down below if you think you can spot those three areas and whoever's closest will get pinned. Otherwise, just let me know your honest thoughts on this build. I do plan on a version 2 of this thruster, so if you enjoyed what you saw, you might want to subscribe so you don't miss out.
我很喜欢它的效果，但它确实有一些低效。我特别考虑了三个方面。如果你认为你能发现这三个方面，请在下面的评论区告诉我，最接近的人将被精选。否则，就请告诉我你对这个项目的诚实看法。我计划推出版本2的这个推进器，如果你喜欢看到的东西，请订阅以免错过。
Also, I'll leave a link to key sites event in the description down below as well as a link to the new plasma channel merch.
另外，我会在下方的说明中留下关键网站活动的链接，以及新的等离子通道商品的链接。表达的意思是希望大家能点击链接来获取更多的信息和购买商品。
Massive thank you to all the patrons who just continue to uplift my work and thank you for watching.
非常感谢所有一直支持我工作的顾客，谢谢你们的观看，让我的工作受到了鼓舞。
You stay classy.
你要保持优雅。