What If We Stopped Using GPUs? | YC Paper Club

This week’s Paper Club is all about alternative compute. Modern AI has been shaped by a tight coupling between transformers, backpropagation, and GPUs. But as compute efficiency starts to plateau, there may be very different ways to build the machines that come next. We explore what AI compute could look like beyond conventional digital hardware through optical systems that use light to perform computation, neuromorphic architectures inspired by the brain, and experiments teaching living brain cells to play Doom. Sign up for the next Paper Club, where we'll discuss AI Safety: https://events.ycombinator.com/yc-paperclub-oct7 Chapters: 00:00 — Intro 00:07 — Francois Chaubard: Why Alternative Compute? 03:38 — Beyond Backpropagation 08:08 — Zero-Order Optimization and SOMA 15:06 — Ilker Oguz: Computing With Light 19:27 — Why Optical Computing Isn’t Everywhere Yet 22:23 — Building a Diffusion Model With Light 30:03 — Optical Computing Q&A 39:00 — Alok Vasudev: What Is Neuromorphic Computing? 45:23 — What the Brain Can Teach Us About Chips 49:35 — Where Neuromorphic Computing Stands Today 54:24 — Neuromorphic Computing Q&A 1:04:24 — Sean Cole: Teaching Brain Cells to Play Doom 1:07:48 — Training Biological Neurons With Reinforcement Learning 1:12:28 — How Brain Cells Learn From Feedback 1:15:40 — Biological Computing Q&A Apply to Y Combinator: https://www.ycombinator.com/apply Work at a startup: https://www.ycombinator.com/jobs

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