First Look Inside SpaceX's Starfactory w/ Elon Musk
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嗨，我是Tim Dodd，日常宇航员。欢迎回到德克萨斯州的星基地。这里就是SpaceX正在建造他们的星舰的地方。这个视频是两部分中的第一部分。在第一部分中，我们将带你参观工厂，看看有哪些新动态，参观新船和助推器，首次从内部了解星舰工厂，并在过程中学习很多知识。请期待第二部分，届时我们会带你前往发射台，并在发射后与Elon Musk跟进，了解发射的情况。所以，事不宜迟，让我们和Elon Musk一起开始另一次参观之旅吧。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Hi, it's me, Tim Dodd, the Everyday Astronaut. Welcome back to Starbase, Texas. This is, of course, where SpaceX is building their Starship vehicles. This is part one of two parts, and part one, we're going to take you on the factory, see what's new, see the ships, see the boosters, see Star Factory from the inside for the first time, and just learn a lot along the way. So stay tuned for part two, where we'll take you out to the launch pad, and we'll also follow up with Elon after the launch and see how it went. So without further ado, let's go on another tour with Elon Musk.
好的。所以，就像我们刚才说的，显然过去几年发生了很多变化。我是说，也许在理论上，我不知道，反正看起来一模一样，一点都没变。原本是帐篷，现在看起来像是一个永久性的工厂。对，之前是在帐篷里，现在是在一栋建筑里。是的，是的。所以我们几乎完成了这个看起来不错的火箭工厂的建筑，至少外部是这样的。这将使我们能够进行火箭的批量生产，特别是飞船的部分。长期来看，我们每年可能会制造一千艘飞船。每年一千艘。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Cool. So, yeah, as we were saying, I mean, obviously a lot has changed in the last couple of years. I mean, this is all. Maybe, in theory, I don't know, I mean. It looks exactly the same. It hasn't changed a bit. Well, once was tents, it's now a permanent-looking factory. Yeah, it used to be in tents and tents, and now it's in a building. Yeah, yeah. So we've got this, I think, pretty good-looking rocket factory building that we've almost completed. Completely with the exterior. This will enable us to have serialized production of the rocket, especially the ship, which will ultimately be made, you know, long-term, probably be making a thousand a year of the ship. A thousand a year.
你知道的，我们必须在火星上建造一座城市。是的，这想法听起来很疯狂。我的意思是，我们可能每年不会建造一千艘（火箭），但我觉得每年建造一百艘还是有可能的。真的？当然。哇，那相当于每三天一艘。这没什么呀。而且有趣的是，现在你想想看，即使是如今的猎鹰9号火箭，大约每两天就能生产出第二级几乎让人难以置信。几年以前，这是不可想象的。没人会想到他们能建造上面级。我们几乎可以制造出200个猎鹰9号的上面级。这太不可思议了。可能明年会超过200个。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Yeah, well, you know, you've got to build a city on Mars. Yeah, that's insane to think about. Yeah, I mean, we may not build a thousand a year right here, but I think this is capable of a hundred a year. Really? Sure. Wow. That's only a ship every three days. That's nothing. Well, and it's funny, because now, you know, if you think about it, even Falcon 9 these days, you're producing a second stage about every two days. Yeah. And a few years ago, that would have been impossible. You know, no one would have imagined, yeah, that they're building an upper stage. We'll make almost 200 upper stages of Falcon. That's unbelievable. And next year, probably over 200.
这是一个节奏，我想人们可能甚至无法想象，无法理解那种产出。这真是太疯狂了。猎鹰9号实际上是一种重型运载火箭。它大约可以将40,000磅的载荷送入轨道。在通常的火箭术语中，这就属于重型运载。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
That's a cadence that people, I don't think are, you know, just even, you can't even imagine, you can't even fathom that kind of, you know, output like that. That's just crazy. Falcon 9 is actually a heavy lift vehicle. So, you know, it's, there's roughly 40,000 pounds to orbit. Yeah. So, which is, in the normal rocket language, would be a heavy lift.
好的。那么，现在星舰二型可以将一百吨的载荷送入轨道，而星舰三型甚至可以更多。星舰三型的直径大约是九米，当其长度从总计120米延长到可能140米左右时，它的能力会显著提升。这其中涉及到许多优化和改进，比如发动机的改进，隔热罩的质量提升，以及减少着陆时所需燃料的量。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Yeah. So, uh, now Starship's going to be able to do a hundred tons to orbit with Starship two or a little more than that, uh, with Starship three, like at the nine meter diameter, essentially when the nine meter diameter is sort of fully stretched out to what ends up being from 120 meters total length to probably 140 or something like that. Um, uh, then, um, it's a lot. This is like a lot of optimizations and improvement engine improvements, heat shield mass improvements, um, reducing the amount of propellant needed for landing.
嗯，基本上我们会把在猎鹰9号上做过的事情都应用到星舰上，然后你就会得到一个非常高效的飞行器。我想，我们能够用星舰把超过200吨的货物送到一个有用的轨道，而且是完全可重复使用的，这实在是令人惊叹。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Um, kind of basically do all the things that we've somewhat done with, uh, Falcon nine and you get to, uh, pretty efficient vehicle. I think we'll be able to do over 200 tons to a useful orbit, uh, with Starship. So, and that's with full reusability, which isn't, yeah, insane.
所以，那就相当于两个全可重复使用的土星五号火箭，而且是完全和快速的可重复使用。火箭助推器和航天器都会返回发射场。我们要不看看那边情况怎么样？据我们所知，我们一直在谈论即使是版本一可能都能做到不到一百，但版本一真的会达到吗？我觉得，在我脑海中，版本一就好像是到达某种程度的星舰，类似于版本一六七，我也不太确定。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
So that's twice a Saturn five with full reusable, um, and full and rapid reusability. So it's the booster and the ship are coming back to the launch site. Right. Should we, uh, should we take a look at what's, uh, going on in there? So, uh, so as far as, you know, we're seeing all this, you know, we're talking about even version one, maybe be able to do less than a hundred, but is, is version one really even going to, I feel like version one in my head is just, is this to the point of, and really kind of starship where version one point six, seven, I don't know.
好的。可以说，我们就像在版本一上进行了很多次迭代。嗯，所以。现在它仅仅是一个画布，一个实验，处于这种阶段。就是，我觉得人们看到这个的时候，他们不明白，这一切在当前阶段仍然只是一个大实验。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Right. It's like, we're like many iterations through on, on version one. Yeah. Um, so. And it's just like a, it's just a canvas. It's like a, it's a test experiment still at this phase. It's just, uh, I don't think people, they see it and they don't understand that like, this is all just still a giant test at this stage.
好的。一种看待技术的方法是把它看作是逐步展现图像的过程。最初的图像层次非常模糊，各个元素的位置也不太对。然后，随着下一步的推进，图像变得更加清晰，元素的位置也逐渐到位。随着一次又一次的细化，最终形成一个完善并正常运作的结果。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Yeah. One way to look at technology is to look at it as, um, like you're, you're rendering an image in successive levels of detail. So the first layer of the image is very, very blurry and things are out of place. And then with the, with the next pass, it gets a bit more defined and things kind of shift into place and you do another pass and another pass. And eventually, uh, it's something that is refined and, and, and actually works. Right.
我们现在正进入一个未知的领域，就是星际飞船领域。因为从未有人制造出完全可重复使用的轨道火箭。这是使人类生活在多个星球上所必须取得的重大突破。为了成为真正的太空文明，我们必须实现火箭的完全和快速重复使用。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
But we're in uncharted territory with, with, with starships. So there's not like, uh, nobody's ever made a fully reusable orbital rocket. Right. And that's, that's really the, the critical breakthrough necessary for life to become multi-planetary. For us to become a true spacefaring civilization, we have to achieve full and rapid reusability.
好的，我称之为快速重复使用且可靠的火箭，简称“R，R，R平方”。嗯，R，R，R，R，R，R，是的，航海者。太空海盗。就是这样。所以，人们需要记住的是，进入轨道的问题已经被解决了。你们已经很久能够进入轨道了。实现重复使用才是关键。进入轨道的问题早在五十年代就解决了。所以，我真的不认为还有必要使用一次性火箭。至少我认为数学清楚地表明，一次性火箭是没有意义的。你必须实现可重复使用。我们在汽车、飞机、自行车，甚至马匹上都有重复使用功能。而在其他交通方式中缺乏可重复使用性是非常奇怪的。船只也是如此，丢弃一艘每次航行后就扔掉的船是不可想象的。但长久以来，这就是火箭的运作方式。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Yeah. So I call it rapidly reusable, reliable rockets. R, R, R squared. R, R, R, R. R, R, R, yeah, yeah, yeah. Pirate. Space pirates. There we go. So, um, and it's, the thing is that people need to remember is getting, achieving orbits has been solved. I mean, you guys have been getting to orbit for a long time. Reusing it. I mean, getting to orbit at all was solved in the fifties. Right. Or, you know, so, so I, I mean, I really don't think there's another point, point in another, an expendable rocket. Right. In my opinion. Um, so, or at least I think the math clearly demonstrates that it is, there is no point in a, in an expendable rocket. You have to achieve reusability. We, we have reusability in, uh, cars, we have in airplanes, we have it in bicycles, horses. Yeah. Uh, it's bizarre to not have reusability in any other form of transport. Boats, um, it would be insane to like chuck a boat away after every trip. Right. But this is how rockets have worked for the vast majority of time.
实际上，SpaceX仍然是唯一一家公司，其火箭具有重复利用的能力，也就是猎鹰9号。使用猎鹰9号，我们能够将助推器回收并频繁重复使用，同时回收和再次利用整流罩。只有上面级是一次性使用的。不过，猎鹰9号还不能被认为是快速重复使用的，因为大多数时候助推器是在海上的船上着陆，需要几天时间才能运回。然而，我们的发射频率正在疯狂地加快，从卡纳维拉尔角的发射间隔已经变得不可思议。我们正在努力从无人船上榨取每一分速度，增加船上的动力，提高拖船的效率，以便尽可能快地返回。实际上，我们刚刚经历了最快的周转速度，就在上周，从回收至重回状态只用了大约两天，相比之前已经快了很多。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
In fact, SpaceX is still the only rocket that, that is, uh, has any reusability with Falcon 9. Right. Um, so with Falcon 9, we, we, we bring the boosters back. We, we, we, we fly them frequently. We bring the bearings back. We, we fly those. It's only the upper stage that is, um, expended. Right. Um, now it doesn't, Falcon 9 does not qualify as rapidly reusable. Right. Uh, because, uh, the, the, most of the time the booster is landing, um, on a ship in the ocean. Right. So it takes a few days to get it back. Yeah. Oh, that's speeding up like crazy. I mean, the cadence out of the Cape is unbelievable. Yeah. We're trying to squeeze every like quarter of a knot that we can out of the, the drone ships. Yeah. So yeah, we're, we're jacking up the power on the ships, um, streamlining, streamlining them, increasing the power on the tugging vessel. So we can just haul ass as quickly as possible. Well, yeah, I think you just had your fastest, uh, turnaround just last week. There was a, I mean, it was something like, I don't remember the time, but it was something like two days or something from, from catching back and then out to catch again, which is on, you know, insane. It used to take so much longer.
这些都是人们常常不太注意但一直在改进的小事。是的，SpaceX的猎鹰团队在快速转回和再利用方面做得非常出色，考虑到他们的架构设计。而现在，尽管如此，从助推器下来到重新翻修飞行需要几天的时间，与飞机或汽车、船只相比，这种速度并不算快。比如说，汽车或飞机每四天才能完成一次旅程显然是达不到要求的。
然而，对于星舰来说，助推器会返回到发射场，并被机械臂抓住。这将是相当壮观的场面，巨大的“Mechazilla”机械臂在空中接住火箭，然后把它放回发射台上。因此，在五到六分钟内，助推器就能够返回并重新放置到发射台上。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
And those are the, all those little things that people just aren't necessarily paying attention to that are continually improving. And yeah, the SpaceX Falcon team is doing an incredible job of achieving, uh, fast turnaround reusability, um, given the architecture. Yeah. Um, now, uh, that's, that's still, however, um, a couple of days to get a boost rack and then, you know, at least a few days to refurbish it for flight is still, uh, not rapid by aircraft or, you know, vehicle, you know, and like take cars, boats, planes. Um, you know, um, you know, having, doing a trip every four days is not, we're not cut it in a car or an aircraft. Right. Um, so, uh, with, uh, with Starship, the booster comes back to the launch site, is caught by, caught by the arms. So, you know, this would be quite spectacular to see, uh, giant Mechazilla arms catching a rocket in midair. And, um, and then those, those arms put it back on the launch site. So you can have the booster, uh, back on the launch mount, um, in, well, it's going to come, it's going to come back and land in like five or six minutes. Right.
呃，所以，然后你可能会把它带回发射场，如果真的全力以赴，你可能在10分钟内就能把它带回发射场。对，甚至可能只需5分钟。然后，你可以在半小时内加满燃料。所以，从助推器的角度来看，你可能在一小时后就准备好再次发射了。如果有飞船已经准备好，你可以再放一艘飞船上去，装满推进剂，理论上你可以每隔几个小时发射一次。嗯，现在可能很难想象，但十年前没人能想象到猎鹰9号现在的成就。我觉得，时间会证明，你可以不断在每个小改进上取得进展。你觉得猎鹰9号实际上能飞吗？猎鹰9号过去的重复使用周期是以月计算的，然后是周，接着是天。但对于猎鹰9号的设计来说，很难把这个周期压缩到几天以内。对。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Uh, so, so then you'll probably get it back on the launch site and, well, if you really push it, you probably put, get it back on the launch site in 10 minutes. Right. Um, or even five minutes. And then, um, you can fill it up in half an hour. So you could, you could be ready to go an hour later from the booster standpoint. And then if you've got ships lined up, you can drop another ship on, uh, you know, um, fill it with proponent. And, uh, in theory, you could be launching every couple hours. Yeah. Um, it's hard to imagine now, but it was hard to imagine where Falcon 9 is today, you know, 10 years ago, no one would have imagined what Falcon 9 is doing now. So I, I think, uh, time will tell that, you know, you can just keep chipping away at all those little improvements. And so do you think you actually fly. Falcon 9 used to be, have reusability measured in, in months, then weeks, uh, then days. And then for, but for Falcon 9, the architecture is limited to, you really can't compress it down less than several days. Right.
当你把着陆点转移到海上时，需要进行助推器的撤销操作。关于星舰，它可以把时间从几天缩短到两个小时。哇哦。而且，这艘船还需要围绕地球运行，根据它的轨道，它必须要有一条回到发射点的地面轨迹。这可能需要好几圈。船可能需要几小时，有时候甚至可能需要半天时间才能返回。因此，你可能需要比助推器更多的飞船。所以，如果你真的想达到最大的发射频率，可能每个助推器需要大约五艘飞船。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Um, when you take the landing out to sea and then the necessary revocation of the booster that is required. Um, so with, with, with starship, we'll take it from days to, uh, two hours. Wow. Um, and, um, yeah. And then, yeah. So then the, the, the ship has to go around the earth and, and depending upon what orbit it has, it's got to have a ground track that comes back over the launch site. Right. So that could take several orbits. So the, the, the ship could take, uh, you know, several hours, sometimes half a day or something like that to come back. Every line. Yeah. Yeah. So you'd, you'd want to have a lot more ships than boosters. Yeah. So if you're really going for max launch rate, you probably want, uh, roughly, I don't know, five ships to, for every booster booster.
是的，你们正在建立一个非常庞大的节奏，这个节奏是关于船只和助推器的。当然，与将来相比，现在的速度非常慢。不过，我们也在不断迭代设计，所以每一个都有一些不同，在某些情况下比前一个差别很大。那么，有哪些或者是否有已经接近V2版本的硬件呢？基本上，拉长版本就可以算作V2。不过，这要看我们是否将其称为V2。稍微拉长的版本就算是个不太完美的V2。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Yeah. And that's what you guys are building a, a pretty massive cadence here of, of ships and boosters already. Now, do you think, well, I mean, yeah, it's, it's pretty slow compared to what it will be like very slow. Um, but we're also iterating the design. So it's like each one is a little different from some cases, a lot different from the last one. Yeah. Are any of these, uh, what are these going to be the V2 yet? Are we starting to get close to some V2 hardware yet or? Um, yeah. Um, just the, the stretch version is basically V2. Um, well, I guess it depends on whether we call it V2 or don't call it V2. The slightly stretched version is V2 ugly.
嗯，所以，你可以看到，我们这里有一个星舰，它有热屏蔽的一侧和没有热屏蔽的一侧。是的。它配备了我们称之为"PEZ发射器"的装置，用于发射下一代Starlink卫星，也就是V3卫星。这些卫星的直径会很大，大概有七米左右，大约22英尺。对。所以，如果明天的测试顺利进行，你认为下次发射是否就会尝试进入轨道并开始测试部署Starlink卫星呢？
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Um, so, yeah, um, so you can see, you know, what we have here is a Starship with, I've seen the heat, the heat shield side and the non-heat shield side. Yep. Um, it's got the, uh, what we call the PEZ dispenser for, um, tossing out the next generation Starlink satellites, the V3 satellites. So those will be very wide diameter, like, like sort of, I don't know, seven meter diameter satellites, you know, 22 feet or something like that. Right. Um, so, so are these actually going to be like, are we hoping to see after, let's say this test goes well tomorrow. Do you think the next one's actually going to go for orbit and start deploying tests, like testing out, trying to deploy Starlink?
或者，我们该如何判断我们目前所处的位置，在整个过程中是哪里？也就是说，可能还需要更多的时间才能真正开始将有效载荷送入轨道。我们将看看这次任务的进展如何。我的意思是，今年的重点不是用Starship运送卫星，而是解决设计上的疑问。对于Starship来说，还有一些重要问题需要解决，最大的问题就是如何度过再入大气层时的高温。你可以看到我们有一个热盾。关于热盾，我们仍然有一些尚未解决的问题，其中一些问题甚至我们还没意识到它们是问题。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Or are we, where do you think we're in, in that whole mix? Like, is that maybe a few more down the road to start actually deploying payloads into orbit? We'll see how this mission goes. Um, I mean, this, this year is not, not about delivering satellites for Starship. It's all about ironing out the, the, the design question marks. So the, I mean, the major things that remain to be solved for Starship, um, uh, the biggest, the single biggest one is, uh, what does it take to, um, get through the high heating of re-entry? Um, so you can see the heat shield that we have there. Um, we have some, uh, well, let's say that unsolved questions on the heat shield, uh, a bunch of which we don't even know that they are questions.
嗯，我们知道有些问题，因为过去曾经遇到过挑战，比如航天飞机的问题，像是铰链区域和铰链间隙，以及密封铰链间隙，防止热气体以极快的速度通过那里，也就是襟翼铰链的位置。因为如果热气体快速流过，会烧毁任何东西，包括隔热瓦。所以我们需要在前襟翼和后襟翼的铰链处做一个热气密封。一个关键的问题是，这个密封是否有效。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Um, and, uh, and, and some we're aware of because there've been challenges in the past, like with space shuttle, um, the, the sort of the hinge area and the hinge gap, um, and sealing that hinge gap and not having a hot gas just, um, go flowing super fast through, through the interface there. Yeah. Through, well, at where, where the flap hinges. Yep. Um, cause if, if, if you get hot gas flowing through rapidly, that that'll cook anything during the tile. So, so you've got, you've got a block, we've got a hot gas seal, um, at the, the forward and rear flap hinge. And, um, so, you know, one of the key questions is, does that seal work?
好的，嗯，我们认为这个方法可能有效，但也有可能无效。嗯，然后还有一些问题，比如说，这些瓷砖能多好地固定在表面？对吧？这里有一个基本的挑战，就是这些瓷砖是陶瓷材料，非常脆弱，它们就像咖啡杯或餐盘一样。是的，所以你基本上就是把一堆餐盘粘在一个钢表面上。由于推进剂的原因，这个钢表面会变得低温冷却，因此会收缩。嗯，所以在上升的过程中，火箭已经收缩了。是的，因此瓷砖之间的空隙不能太紧，不然它们会相互碰撞破裂。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Right. Um, we think it'll work, but it may not work. Um, then there are some, you know, uh, questions of like, how well do the style, tiles stay on? Right. Um, there's a, there's a fundamental challenge here where the tiles are, um, ceramics. They're very brittle. They're like a, like a coffee cup. Right. Uh, or a dinner plate. Yeah. Um, so you've got, uh, essentially a whole bunch of dinner plates, uh, stuck to a steel surface. The steel surface is, um, getting cryogenically cold, uh, because of the propellants. So it's shrinking. Yeah. Um, so on ascent, the, the rocket has shrunk. Yeah. Uh, so you can't have the gaps in the tiles be too tight or they will just shatter against each other.
好的。间隙会太紧。嗯，是的。那么当航天飞机降落时，它的主燃料箱中已经没有低温燃料了，而航天飞机的隔热瓦会变得非常热。对的。所以现在它们会膨胀。对的。因此，你会有一个收缩的内表面和膨胀的隔热瓦。哦，天啊，是啊。问题是你不能有太大的瓦片间隙，否则等离子体会进入并熔化后面的主要结构。没错，没错。那么，合适的瓦片间隙是多少呢？嗯，这将根据你在火箭或飞船上的位置而有所不同。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Yeah. The gap will be too tight. Yep. Um, then when it's coming in for landing, the, the shuttle, the, the, you no longer have the cryogenic propellant in the main tanks and the shuttles get, the tiles get very hot. Yep. So now they, they want to expand. Yep. So you've got a contracted inner surface, uh, and expanding tiles. Oh, geez. Yeah. Right. So, and, and, and the thing is like, you can't, you can't have a big tile gap because then the plasma will get in there and melt the primary structure behind it. Exactly. Exactly. So like, what's the, what's the, what's the right tile gap? Um, and that's going to vary depending upon where you are, um, on the rocket, on the ship, you know?
好的。所以这艘船的一些部分会有低温推进剂，而有些部分则没有。是的，还有一个问题是瓷砖粘附得有多好？如果我们在安装时不小心破坏了一块，但又很难察觉，那可能会成为一个问题。我们目前认为，如果在船上的高温区域（尤其是油箱部分）失去一块瓷砖，我们可能无法应对这样的故障。是的，特别是加压区域。理论上，船头也会是加压的。所以，如果加压区域丢失了一块瓷砖，然后导致该区域融化，就会导致加压区域爆裂。对，那样船就会爆炸。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Yeah. So it's going to be like some parts of the ship have cryogenic propellants, some don't. Yeah. Um, there's also the, how well do the tiles attach? Uh, if we attach them and they, uh, and we accidentally break one, but it's hard to see, then that, that could be an issue. Right. Um, and we currently think we're, we're probably not resilient, uh, to failure of a, to loss of a tile in, um, the hot sections of the, of the ship that are, um, the, the tank portion. So that, the, the, so if, if, um, the pressurized area. Yeah. The pressurized areas. Exactly. So, and technically the nose will be pressurized too. So if the, if the pressurized areas, um, lose a tile and then you melt that area, that'll cause it to pop. Right. Right. So the ship will explode.
好的，人们一直在问，为什么飞船后部会缺少一些瓷砖。目前在第四次飞行中，我想有三块瓷砖是缺失的。是的，这些瓷砖是在飞船后部的一个无压力区域。我们认为即使在无压力区域发生熔穿，也不会导致飞船失效。也就是说，我们可能会在那有个小洞，但不会让飞船破裂。这实际上是一个AB测试，看看如果缺少一块瓷砖会怎么样，如果瓷砖丢失会发生什么。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Yeah. Um, so now people have asked like, why are there some missing tiles in the rear of the ship? Well, like right now, flight four, you got, I think three tiles missing right now. Yeah. Yeah. So those are in the rear of the, of the ship, which is an unpressurized region. Yeah. Yeah. So that's an unpressurized region where we think we can, uh, see, well, you can, you can have a melt through of the unpressurized region and it will not cause failure of the vehicle. Yeah. Like we might have a little hole there or something. Right. Um, but, uh, it's not going to pop the vehicle. Right. So that's, you're literally doing it as like an AB test almost of like, what happens if we're missing a tile? What happens if we lose a tile?
嗯，我们确实有计划在瓷砖下面安装一个次级防护盾，它比我们现在用的要好得多。我们目前的材料，我们认为在瓷砖损坏时并不够坚固。我不能透露太多细节，因为有些信息受到 I-tar 管制，是保密的。我们有一个新的设计，可以在瓷砖损坏时提供保护。也就是说，在其基本结构后面有一种烧蚀材料。如果瓷砖丢失了，你需要更换这个烧蚀材料。对，对，对。所以，因为丢失了瓷砖和烧蚀材料，你可能会失去这种材料的可重复使用性。但至少它能保持完好。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Um, well, we do have plans for a secondary shield, uh, beneath the tiles that is much better than what we have right now. So like right now we, um, and some of this, I can't say the details of it because it's like I-tar control is sort of secret. Um, but the current material we use, we think it's not resilient, uh, to a tile failure. We have, um, a new design that we think is resilient to a tile failure. So behind the underlying structure. Yeah. And essentially it's got ablative. So if you do, if you lose the tile, you have to replace the ablative, the ablative. Right. Right. Right. So you, you, you'd have to, you'd, uh, you'd lose out on reusability because of the lost tile and the ablative. But you have a- But at least it's intact.
好的。你可以修复、翻新它，然后重新投入使用。这非常不错。尤其是用于载人的时候，我们最终希望星舰能够做到这一点，可能一次运送一百个人去火星，还有月球。因此，它必须非常可靠，理想情况下不应有单点故障。对吧？所以，你之前提到的透气冷却或主动再生冷却，这些都放弃了吗？这些技术没有达到预期效果吗？
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Yeah. And- You can recover it, refurbish it and get it back out on the, on the fleet. That's cool. And especially for carrying people, uh, which ultimately we, you know, expect Starship to carry it, um, maybe a hundred people at a time to Mars, uh, and also to the moon. Yeah. Then, um, you know, it's gotta be super reliable. It's gotta have, um, no, ideally no single point of failure. Right. So have you given up a long time ago, you're talking about transpirational cooling or active regen and stuff. Did that just kind of didn't make the trade or?
嗯，我们做的那个大宗交易，我想是在这一点上，大概是四年前或者五年前的事情了。当时看起来，它的重量至少是陶瓷隔热盾的两倍。现在从那之后，我们的陶瓷隔热盾的重量增加了。此外，当你考虑到次级隔热盾，那又是额外的重量。所以我不太确定，在主动冷却隔热盾和使用陶瓷砖之间，可能没有那么大的区别。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Um, the mass trade that we did, I think it's this point, like it's four years ago or something like that, maybe five. Um, it seemed like at that time it would be at least twice as heavy as, uh, um, a ceramic key shield. Um, now since then, uh, the weight of our ceramic key shield has grown. And then when you factor in the secondary shield, that's additional mass. Right. So I don't know. It may not be that big of a difference between, um, actively cooling a heat shield and, uh, and having ceramic tiles.
嗯，你有没有看到华盛顿的Stoke Space正在研究的项目，他们有一个——呃，当然我要提到的是气动尖峰引擎，因为不知为何每次我谈论任何东西时都会提到气动尖峰引擎，但这是一个气动尖峰引擎，不同的是底部的塞子实际上是一个主动区域的隔热罩。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Um, have you seen what, what Stoke space out in Washington is working on where they have, uh, uh, it's of course, uh, aero spike is going to come out of my mouth because for some reason aero spike comes out every time I talk about anything, but it's a aero spike, but the base plug is actually the active region, uh, heat shield.
这段话可以翻译为：
"它是一个膨胀循环。当它返回大气层时，它实际上会发热。他们使用氢气来主动再生和冷却隔热板，氢气基本上会在它前进的过程中从喷嘴中排出。"
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
And so as it, and it's expander cycle. So as it comes back through the atmosphere, it's actually, you know, heating, they're using, uh, hydrogen to, uh, to actively regenerate, you know, and cool the heat shield and just gets dumped out the nozzles basically as it's, you know, as it's going.
实际上，也会有一些气体被排放到中间。所以在前面也有一个边界层，存在气态的氦气或氢气，并且它正在被积极地再生。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
And that actually also gets, uh, some of the gas gets vented out to the middle. So you also have like a boundary layer there too, of, of gaseous helium or hydrogen in the front and it's being actively regen.
我觉得这个概念非常酷，让我印象深刻。它让我以不同的方式思考再生，尤其是主动再生。我觉得这很有趣。不过我知道你们几年前就讨论过蒸发冷却。所以，我不太确定，但我觉得你们说得对，陶瓷隔热罩可能会比蒸发冷却效果更好。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
I think it's, it's a really cool, cool concept. And I was really impressed. Uh, it's a, it's, it made me just think about like regen, you know, active regen in a different way. And I thought that was pretty neat, but I know you guys had talked about the transpirational cooling years ago. So it's, I didn't know if, um, yeah, I think it's probably correct. That, uh, that, uh, ceramic heat shield is going to do better than transpiration.
还有一个问题是，比如说，如果你去了火星，然后以很高的速度返回地球，从火星返回地球的时候速度非常快。是的，是的，是的，那么在这种情况下，尚不清楚蒸发式冷却在那里的效果会如何。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
There's also the question of like, if once, if you go to Mars and you're coming in hot and you're coming, or you can, and you're coming back to earth, you're coming in to come back from, from Mars to earth, you're coming in very hot. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Um, it's not clear where the transpiration cooling could succeed there up there. Yeah.
嗯，我今天有个疯狂又愚蠢的想法，就是在储罐内部装一个热成像摄像头，然后配一个装有低温冷却剂的消防水枪。如果发现有高温或者被烧穿的地方，就从内部喷射冷却。我不知道这样可不可行。我总是愿意提出一些愚蠢的想法，特别是当你知道那里有装满低温介质的加压贮罐时。只需一个隔热瓦缺失，可能就会有大麻烦。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Um, uh, here's my wacky dumb idea of the day is, uh, on the inside of the tank, if you had like a thermal camera, you have like a fire hose with cryogenic coolant, just spray. If there's a hot, a burn through, spray it down from the inside. I don't know. I'll just, I'll always be happy to throw out the dumb, the dumb ideas, especially when you have header tanks there, you know, that are filled with, with the cryo all pressurized, ready to go. You know, all it's going to take is one, one heat shield tile missing potentially and could have a bad day, you know?
解决这个问题的方法有很多。关键是问题得以解决。尽管实现完全可重复使用的方法也有很多，但重要的是能够做到这一点。一旦你跨过了完全可重复使用的门槛，此时一个系统稍微优于另一个系统就成了次要问题。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
There's a lot of ways to solve the problem. Yeah. So the, I mean, what matters is that it is solved. Yeah. Uh, even though like, yeah, there, there are many ways to achieve, uh, full reusability. Uh, what matters is that it is achieved. Yeah. A hundred percent. Um, and then once you're in the sort of over the hump of full reusability, where the one system is slightly better than the other is a secondary concern. Right.
好的。在那个时候，其实没什么差别。所以，我们继续前进吗？关于第三次飞行，当它解体时，主要是因为它显然无法保持方向。因此，甚至没有机会测试到隔热罩。你可能注意到引擎区域有很多火焰冒出，那显然是不好的情况。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Yeah. It's tomato tomato at that point. Yeah. Yeah. Should we, uh, keep moving along here? So when, uh, with flight three, when it, uh, when it broke up, that was mostly just because obviously it couldn't maintain orientation. So it didn't even have a chance of having the heat shield. You would have noticed that the engines, there was a lot of like fire coming from the engines area, which is, uh, not, uh, you know, that's not good.
好的，好的。在再入阶段。对，没错。当引擎关闭时。嗯，你可以看到我们刚刚完成外壳的工作。我们正努力尽快完成外壳，但是工厂内部的工作仍然有很多要做。不过，这将显著提升火箭的生产效率。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Yeah. Yeah. On re-entry. Right. Definitely. When the engines aren't on. Yeah. So this is, uh, you can see we're just finishing. We're trying to get the, uh, shell completed as quickly as possible, but we still have a lot of work to do on the interior of the factory. Um, but this will dramatically, uh, improve the production. Of the rocket.
好的。这是在说从一个工位移动到另一个工位，这是一种线性相邻的流程。嗯，我不太确定这到底是什么意思，但是，人们常常提到亨利·福特和汽车制造的流水线。真正重要的其实是线性相邻的流程，而不是单纯的生产线移动。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Yeah. It's being able to move from one station to another, uh, which is a linear adjacent flow. Hmm. I don't, I mean, I assume, I don't really know what that means, but, um, well, I mean the, the thing that really matters for, you know, people talk about the moving production line of sort of Henry Ford and the automobiles. What actually matters is linear adjacent flow, uh, as opposed to a production line that moves.
嗯，嗯，所以，事情其实很简单。好的，好的。是的，就像一步接着一步，每一步都会引导到下一步。是的，事情就这样有节奏地推进下去。好的，是的。另外，你不需要有实体的东西。有没有传送带并不重要，那是次要的考虑。了解了。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Hmm. So, so the, so it's, it's simple. Okay. Okay. Yeah. Like one thing leads, one, one step leads to another. Yeah. And it just, and things move along in a cadence. Okay. Yeah. Um, yep. And you don't have to have the physical. It doesn't matter where there's a conveyor belt or not. Got it. That's the secondary concern. Yeah.
明白了。没关系。嗯，重要的是需要有一个节奏。对，每个工位的工作时间大致相同。嗯，然后工作会从一个工位传到下一个工位，而且每个工位有不同的工作分工。对的。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Got it. Doesn't matter. Um, it just matters that, that, that there's a, there's a tempo. Yeah. So every station, uh, has roughly the same amount of work time. Right. Um, and things move from one station to the next station and the specialization of labor at each station. Yes.
好的。这就是一些真正重要的原则。这也是为什么你们先搭帐篷来解决问题，因为这样你们可以随意调整顺序，看看事情如何发展，看看需要按照什么顺序进行。不过，一旦你们知道要建什么，搭帐篷的方法就很低效了。是的，就是那个五步原则——在自动化过程中不要提前太多，因为你还不知道要建什么。就像，我们都不知道火箭会长什么样。即使到了现在，在某种意义上，我们仍然不完全确定，因为它还在不断变化。目前，我们至少可以自信地说这个架构是解决方案之一。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Okay. So these are the principles that actually, um, matter. And that's what you guys kind of solve by doing the tents first, because you can just willy nilly rearrange things, see how things are actually falling, see what order things were going in. But the tents were very inefficient once you know what you want to build. Yes. Yep. Yeah. So it was the, your five step thing of, uh, don't get too far along in the automation before you. Yeah. You don't know what you're going to build. Yep. Um, like it's simple to convey just how, how much like, you know, this, this is, you know, we don't even know what the rocket would look like. Yeah. Yeah. So. And in, in some senses you still don't necessarily know. It's still changing. At this point, we, at this point we're confident of that this architecture will, is, is at least one of the solutions.
好的。嗯，那并不是说没有其他解决方案，比如你提到的那个方案。嗯，不过这个方法是可行的。对。嗯，关键在于解决一些小问题，并提升各部分的性能，比如引擎、航空电子设备、热屏蔽的主体结构等所有环节。嗯，不过这会是可行的。对。嗯，我想我刚才提到了，或者说我正准备提到的是，最重要且最困难的问题是一个可重复使用的轨道热屏蔽。目前，还没有人做出过可重复使用的轨道热屏蔽。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Yeah. Um, that's not to say there couldn't be other solutions like the one you talked about. Um, but that this will work. Yeah. Um, it's just a question of ironing out the bugs, um, and improving the performance of everything from the engines to the avionics, to the primary structure of the heat shield, everything. Yeah. Um, and, um, that's, but it will work. Yeah. Um, I think I was mentioning, or I was beginning to say that the, so the most important, the toughest remaining problem is a, um, a reusable orbital heat shield. Um, so there's never, nobody has ever made it reusable orbital heat shield.
因此，航天飞机是最接近这个目标的。是的。但是翻新一次大概需要九个月时间，以及成千上万的人力。对吧。所以很难称这样一个需要大量工作去翻新的东西为真正可重复使用。是的，它当然不属于快速可用。因此，这是首次需要一个能够快速重复使用的轨道防热罩，而这是从来没有人做到过的。因此，这是一个艰难的问题。对。所以我会说，这是目前最大的挑战。而这次飞行的目标，以及今年余下时间的飞行目标，是要经受住高温加热的考验。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
So the space shuttle is closest. Yeah. Uh, but that took, I think something like nine months and thousands of people to refurbish. Right. So it's difficult to, one can't, can I call something that requires so much work to refurbish as truly reusable. Yeah. It's certainly not rapid. Yeah. Um, so, um, for the first time ever, there needs to be a, a rapidly reusable orbital heat shield, um, which no one has ever done. So it's a hard problem. Right. So that's why I'd say that's, that's the number one biggest remaining problem. And the, the, the goal of this flight and really the flights for the rest of this year is get through the high heating.
嗯，所以，呃，隔热罩是完好的。对的。然后，飞船仍然可以正常运作，并能调整方向到达特定位置，在海洋中进行着陆燃烧。是的。接着，火箭助推器，我们希望在这次飞行中能够返回并在一个特定位置进行着陆燃烧。嗯，你知道这个位置有多远吗？呃，还挺远的。但我认为我们离实现这个目标已经很接近了。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Uh, so the, the heat shield survives. Yep. Um, and, um, and then, and, and, and, and the, the ship is still operational and is able to steer to a specific location and do a landing burn. Yep. In the ocean. Yes. Um, and, uh, and then the, the booster, we wanted to be able to, for this flight to come back and do a landing burn at a specific location. Yep. So how far out is that going to be? Do you know? Uh, it's pretty far out. I mean, we're, but I think we're pretty close to that.
呃，如果我们这次飞行中没能解决这个问题，我想我们在接下来的两三次飞行中就能解决。我们需要做的是让助推器在热分离的时候回来，正确地进行方向调整，以精准的方式着陆，完成着陆点燃烧，然后模拟塔式接收。不过实际中塔并不会真的接收火箭，只是让火箭认为会被接收。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Um, if we don't solve it on this flight, I think we'll solve it in the next, uh, two or three flights, uh, which, so just having this, the, the, the, the booster, uh, do the hot staging, come back, you know, do a boost back, um, steer, steer correctly, um, and to a precise location and do a landing burn. Yeah. And then, and, and, and essentially do a simulated tower catch. So it's like. So will the tower actually. No, it's just a. Okay. It, it, it, the, the rocket will think it's.
好的。你并不想被塔抓住。我觉得如果塔能够模拟这种情况就很酷，你知道的，在外面确保安全。因为我甚至在想，我们怎么知道塔会没事呢？比如说，在那样的发射之后还能正常操作，我们就可以判断是否有损坏。不过，如果这次发射完美进行，我们就能让助推器返回，通过空气动力控制下落到一个特定位置，启动着陆点火，并且被一个假想的塔接住。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Right. You're not trying to get caught by the tower. Right. I thought it'd be kind of cool if the tower mimicked it, you know, out here to make sure. Cause I even wonder like, how do we know the tower is going to be okay? You know, like after a launch like that to be able to, well, we, we can, we, we operate the tower after the launch so we can tell if there's any damage. Yeah. Um, but, uh, yeah, if, if this launch goes perfectly, uh, we'll be able to, we'll have the, the, the, the booster, uh, um, the boost back and a controlled, uh, arrow, arrow controlled descent to a specific location, uh, initiate landing burn and, um, be caught by an imaginary tower.
好的。嗯，然后这艘船，如果一切顺利的话，可能，不会...它会通过高温考验，还能继续正常运作。它会自己控制到指定的海洋位置，并启动着陆燃烧，还要模拟被塔楼捕获。哇。不过，我觉得，我们的隔热盾可能有50%的成功率。我是说，还不错啦。嗯，虽然不确定性很高，但大概有一半的成功几率。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Yeah. Yeah. Uh, and then the ship, uh, if things go perfectly, uh, probably won't, um, it'll get through high heating, it will, uh, uh, still be fully operational. It will control itself to a specific location, um, and in the ocean and then, um, initiate a landing burn and also pretend as to getting caught by the tower. Wow. Um, now I think it, it, I think we've got maybe a 50, 50 chance of the heat shield working. I mean, that's decent. Yeah. Yeah. Like it's a high, a high uncertainty, but like relatively 50, 50.
嗯，如果这次航班不解决的话，那么接下来的两到三班航班，我想我们会解决这个问题的。好的，我们一起过去吧。你们这次确实做了不少改动，希望能确保重返过程更顺利。我是说，你们添加了一些新的滚动推进器。哦，对对，还有其他一些改动。嗯，滚动推进器发生了什么，是因为它们堵塞了吗？听起来是这样的。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Um, but if not on this flight, it then in the next, uh, two or three flights, uh, I think we'll solve that. Yeah. When you guys, let's, let's kind of head over here. You guys did, uh, make a decent amount of changes to hopefully ensure, uh, reentries better this time. I mean, you added some new roll thrusters. Oh yeah. Yeah. And a few things like that. Um, yeah. What, what happened there that the roll thrusters got, because they got clogged. Sounds like.
好的。好的。好的。不要告诉我这是我们之前关于推进器和那些东西的旧对话。还是说，呃，我还是很困惑，因为他们出现了阀门里的冰的问题。对，是在阀门里，不一定是在管道的某处。它们被冰堵住了，但我们不太确定具体原因。不过，如果水冰进入氧气一侧，由于我们从发动机那里抽取的位置，它不完全是纯氧气，里面有少量水冰。为什么呢？这是因为它是富氧气体。是的，是富氧气体。那么它是从实际的排放气体还是涡轮这一侧出来的？是的，确实。所以这气体是富氧的，但里面也有燃烧后的燃料。是的。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Don't tell me that was the, uh, the old conversation we had of, uh, hot gas thrusters and all that stuff. Or is it, uh, um, which still, I, I'm still confused because they, they, they got ice, uh, with the ice in the, in the valves. Okay. In the valves, not necessarily, or in the, somewhere along the stream. Um, they, they got clogged by ice. We're not sure exactly how. Yeah. But, uh, if water ice will get into the, the, the oxygen side, um, there's a small amount since we're, um, the location that we're tapping off the engine, um, is not, it's not pure or two. Uh, it's got a little bit of, uh, water ice. Why is it? It's, it's, it's, it's, it's ox-rich gas. It is ox-rich. So is it coming off the actual. Yeah. Like exhaust or the turbine side. Yeah. Really? Yeah. So wouldn't it have, wouldn't it have a little bit of it's ox-rich gas, but it's, yeah, no, it's, it's got burnt fuel. Yes.
这段文字的大意是：这东西里是不是也会有一点二氧化碳呢？然后这些二氧化碳能冻成冰吗？是的。你能在那个温度下将二氧化碳冻结吗？我想，可以的。无论如何，这里面有一些物质在极低的温度下可以变成固体。这才是关键对吧？不管是水冰，还是二氧化碳冰，或者其他的冰，都是能变成固体的东西，这些固体会阻挡一些东西。所以我们改进了冰过滤器和冰捕捉器，还有阀门。未来我认为我们在关键阀门方面会使用串并联阀门设计，这样就确保不管任何一个阀门失效，都不会影响飞船正确定位的能力。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Wouldn't it have a little bit of CO2 in it too then? And can that turn into an ice? Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Can you freeze CO2 at that temperature? Cause I think. Yeah. Um, well, anyway, it's, it's, it's, it's, it's got stuff that can turn solid at pyogenic temperatures. It's the thing that's relevant. Right. Uh, yeah. Ice, whether it be water ice or yeah. Or CO2 ice or whatever. Ice. Yeah. It's solid stuff that does, that blocks. Blocks things. Blocks things. Um, so we do, we, we, we've improved the sort of, uh, ice strainers or ice catchers. Yeah. Uh, we've improved the valves. Um, and something I think we'll do in the future is move to, for, for critical valves, uh, series parallel valves. Um, so, uh, any one. Valve failure does not, uh, no matter what happens, does not take out the ability of the ship to orient itself correctly.
你是不是在避免使用更传统的热交换器，就像Raptor圆形的那种，我想Merlin可能就采用这种方式。它有一个热交换器用于加热，以便为油和其他东西提供热量。我很好奇，我从未听说过有引擎使用已经燃烧过的气体来作为润滑油气源，就像来自预燃器的那种。这很不寻常，我想至少我是这么认为的。嗯，我们的火箭是自生增压的，所以我们用气态燃料来增压燃料侧，用主要是气态氧来增压氧化剂侧。在自生增压的情况下，我们必须产生气体，而不仅仅是加热气体。哦，有趣。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
So are you avoiding doing like a more of a traditional heat exchanger, like a round Raptor, you know, like, like I think Merlin probably does that where it has a heat exchanger just to heat up, to be able to provide oil and stuff. Yeah. Um, I'm curious, I've never heard of an engine using like, uh, already combusted to be able to be the oiled gas, you know, like off of the, off the preburner. That's pretty unusual. I think at least, I don't know. Yeah. Um, well, we're, our rocket is autogenously pressurized. So we're pressurizing the fuel side with gaseous fuel and the oxide with mostly gaseous oxygen. Um, and, um, now in the case of autogenously pressurized, we have to create the gas. We're not merely, uh, warming up a gas. We have to produce the gas. Oh, interesting.
航天飞机也是这样操作的吗？因为航天飞机使用的RS-25发动机在氢气方面有自生增压。我记得是这样的，不过我不确定是否在两侧都有作用。可能只是氢气方面有。嗯，也可能是两边都有。自生增压需要产生气体，而不仅仅是加热它。所以需要处理更多的质量。是的，确实如此。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Is that how the shuttle did it too then? Cause the shuttle ran on the RS-25s had autogenous pressurization. On the, on the hydrogen side. Yeah. I think that, well, I guess I don't know if it's on both. Was it on both? I don't know. I think it was at least on, on the hydrogen side. Um, so, uh, maybe on both. Um, but when you, when you have, uh, uh, autogenous pressurization, you've got to produce the gas, not just heat it up. Okay. So there's a lot more mass you've got to come up with. Yeah. Literally. Yeah. Yeah.
嗯，这实际上会影响我们的最大功率，特别是在燃料方面。燃油泵必须运作得更好，因为两个泵都需要更努力地工作，但燃油泵尤其是一个限制因素。举个例子，如果我们关闭燃料侧的自增压功能，我们实际上可以让燃油泵输出更多的功率。哦，是的，因为你必须驱动所有这些，对吧。你需要将其气化，对，从引擎中抽出质量流，对吧。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Um, it actually affects our max power on the, especially on the fuel side. So the fuel pump, uh, has to work. Well, both pumps have to work harder, but the fuel pump especially is a limiting factor. Like if we turned off, uh, autogenous pressurization on the fuel side, we'd actually be able to get more power out of the fuel pump. Oh yeah. Cause you're having to drive all that. Yeah. You've got to, you've got to gasify it. Yeah. You're, you're, you're bleeding mass flow. Right. Uh, from the, you know, um, the engine. Yeah. From the engine. Yeah.
嗯，你看，把低温液体加热到高温气体，这其中有很多工作要做。对吧，嗯，因为这涉及到一个相变，还有很大的温差。因此，把低温液体转化为高温气体实际上需要耗费大量精力。这很棒。那么我们可以在这里介入一下，看看所有的助推器，这是很疯狂的。这是否也是助推器二上的氧气罐堵塞的原因呢？是类似的冰块堵塞吗？还是说在第三次飞行中，猛禽引擎在返回点火过程中因冰块堆积而停机了？
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Um, you're, and, uh, yeah, I mean, there's, there's quite a lot of work in, in taking a cryogenic liquid and heating it up to be a hot gas. Right. Um, so you got a phase transition and, and, and that big temperature Delta. Yeah. So it's actually a lot of, uh, work to produce the hot gas from a cryogenic liquid. That's great. So is that what also do we, can we kind of step in here? And see the, all the boosters is crazy. Is that what also was the blockage of, uh, the ox tank on the booster too, then similar ice buildup blockage? Or was it on flight three, the Raptors were shutting down during boost back burn and had the ice buildup.
这和那个情况类似吗？抱歉，听不太清楚。嗯，是这样的，那是不是导致第三次飞行中推进器因积冰而关闭的原因呢？这类似于一种自动增压问题，导致一些发动机被堵塞？是的，我们当时没有足够的压力来启动发动机。好的，所以我们是因为压力不足而启动失败。完整的答案其实很复杂，因为可以说即使压力较低我们也可能启动成功，或者我们没有必要启动所有发动机。不管怎样，这次我们预计会有更多的压力。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Is it a similar thing to that? Sorry. It's hard to hear you. Yeah. Uh, is that what caused the booster to shut down on flight three with the ice, ice buildup? Was it a similar type of thing? Like an autogenous pressurization issue that clogs a few of the engines? Yeah. We didn't have enough pressure to start the engines. Okay. So we're low, low pressure start. Um, the, the, the, the full answer is quite complicated, but, uh, because arguably we could have started with, with lower pressure or we didn't need to start all the engines. Anyways, uh, this, this time we expect to have a lot more pressure.
嗯，我们能够在较低的压力下启动，并且不需要让所有发动机都运转。好的，太酷了。希望如此吧。这真的让人难以置信。哇，规模大得几乎无法想象和理解。三个助推器，哇，真是太疯狂了。这看起来太厉害了。天哪，这么多发动机。是的，这简直是疯狂的数量。就我们现在看到的，这三个飞行器有99台发动机。99台发动机，除了飞船。是的，完全疯狂。这些东西的规模真的难以想象。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Um, and we are able to start at lower pressure and we don't need to have all the engines fire. Okay, cool. You know, hopefully. Yeah. So, um, this is crazy. Wow. Uh, the scale is just almost impossible to, to imagine and comprehend. Three, three boosters. Wow. That's just insane. This looks so cool. Dang. A lot of engines. Yeah. It's an insane amount of engines. I mean, right here, we're looking at what? 99 engines for these three vehicles. 99 engines and a ship ain't one. Yeah. That's absolutely insane. The scale of these things. It's just hard to, hard to fathom.
哇。那么，你们是打算从四个栅格鳍减到三个吗？是这样吗？这并不是一个高优先级的事情。这其实是一个质量优化的调整。实际上，你只需要三个就够了。而且从技术上讲，如果你愿意让飞行器来回摆动的话，其实两个也可以做到。比如，通过偏航转动然后再转动以调整俯仰。当然，如果只用两个栅格鳍的话，确实有点冒险。不过从技术上来说是可行的。三个的话是肯定没问题的。但是，这算是一个比较小的优化调整。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Wow. So, um, are you guys are trying to move down to three grid fins? Is that right? From the, from the four? Is that? Uh, it's not a high priority. Uh, it's a, it's a mass optimization to move. You definitely only need three. Yeah. And I think technically you could do it with two, um, if you're willing to oscillate. Yeah. Like turn for yard, then road to roll again for pitch. Yeah. That's definitely, you know, you're, uh, asking for a bit of trouble if you just have two grid fins. Right. Um, but it is technically possible. Right. Um, yeah. The three, three for sure. Um, but that's, that's like a, that's a fairly minor, uh, optimization. Right.
嗯，关于那个牛铃导流器什么的，就是那些旧的气体推进器或者其他的，我需要理清一下，因为我有点混乱。所谓的冷气体推进器，比如说，就像一种氮气推进器，仅仅是压缩的氮气从喷嘴喷出。冷气体通常是室温气体，就是室温的。那么，我们是否可以把这称作几乎是温气体推进器？对，温气体推进器。而热气体可能就是一种反应制推进器，像双组元推进器之类的。但是对于推进器本身和飞船来说，其实不需要太多的控制。所需的姿态控制是很小的。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Uh, with the, the, the cowbell diverter things, you know, the, the, the old gas thrusters or whatever, I need to clear something up for myself because I'm getting confused. So cold gas thruster, we'd say like, would be like, um, a nitrogen thruster where it's just literally compressed nitrogen goes out of a nozzle. Well, cold gas is room temperature gas usually. It's room temp. And then are we, would we consider that almost like a warm gas thruster? Yeah, warm gas thruster. And then like a hot gas would be where it's a reaction, probably like a bi, a bi-propellant thruster still. But for both the booster and the ship, you don't really need much, uh, control. The attitude control, uh, needed is, is small.
嗯，所以你绝对不能有漏气的阀门或普通的阀门。是的。这好像是第三次提到。猎鹰（Falcon）使用的都是冷气体。什么是冷气体？猎鹰使用的完全是冷气体。我们已经进行过大约六次启动测试。所以，它使用的冷气体一直在维持推进剂的稳定和姿态控制，差不多达12个小时。对的。你手头上有很多这种气体。所以，我不明白为什么我还是觉得这很难理解。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Um, so you just can't have a leaky valve or a stock valve. Yeah. That seems, I, I, this is like the third time. Falcon is, uh, it is all cold gas. What is? Falcon is all cold gas. And we've done, I think six starts. Uh, so it's, it's, it's cold gas that has been. Maintaining propellant settling, um, and attitude control for, you know, 12 hours. Right. Yeah. So. And you have a lot of it on tap. So that's, I don't know why that's still a hard one for me to fathom.
嗯，虽然我们已经谈过了，这这是第三次了。这里有很多热气体。是的，暖气体。特别是当它是空的时候。就是，都是暖暖的气体。所需的速度增量（Delta V）很小。所以只需要很小的推进器。嗯，所以你觉得在飞行之后，有多少是让你觉得"天哪，我们必须改变所有这些东西"的那种感觉？是否真的你在一个地方发现了问题，然后马上就得在所有正在生产的东西上做出改变？
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Uh, even though we've talked, this is the third time. It's got a lot of hot gas. Yeah. Warm gas. Especially when it's empty. It's, it's all warm, warm gas. The Delta V needed is tiny. So it's a very tiny thrusters are needed. Uh, so yeah. Um, so how much do you feel like after you fly, how much is it like, Oh God, we have to change all of these? Like, is it, is it literally you find something on one and then you're literally like in immediately having to make changes on all these things, like everything that's in production.
是啊，你看，其实发生了上百项变化，不是几项，而是上百项。如果你细细去看，可能有成千上万项变化，尤其是涉及到软件的时候。我确信，软件变化肯定是有的。我现在仅仅在谈论硬件，如果你单独看看硬件方面的变化，比如整艘飞船、助推器和引擎之间的变化，在每次飞行之间就有成千上万的变化，其中许多变化很小，但一个很小的变化可能会产生很大的影响。想象一下，如果是一家传统的航空航天公司，他们在飞行之间要做上千项变化，然后两个月后再次飞行，那需要多长时间啊。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Yeah. You're just, there's, there's hundreds of changes that actually take place. There's not a few, hundreds, if you go to a detailed level, there might be thousands of changes that happen. Especially when you get software involved. I'm sure it's, uh, software for sure. I'm just taking, talking to hardware, if you just look at the hardware changes, um, across the ship and the booster and the engines, it's thousands of changes between each flight, but many of them are very small, but a very small change could be a big deal. Imagine how long it'd take a traditional aerospace company that had a, a rocket they're working on to make a thousand changes between flights and then fly it two months later.
我的意思是，这就是我们现在正在做的事情。距离上次飞行才过去两个多月，而这次飞行器已有超过一千项改动，可能是轻松超过一千，甚至可能是几千项改动。所以这实在是太疯狂了。就像我说的，其中有很多小的改动，但是如果问这些改动会不会对火箭产生影响，答案是肯定的。所以这大概有几千项改动。你觉得现在为了能够证明热防护罩和其他所有的东西，你们是不是有点在过度建造这些装置？然后最终你们会着手处理具体问题。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
I mean, that's, that's what we're doing here. This is barely over two months from the last flight and the vehicles had over a thousand changes. Easily over a thousand, several thousand probably. Um, so that's insane. Like I said, a bunch of them are little changes, but say like, is it different in a way that could, uh, have an effect on the rocket? Yeah. Yeah. So it's probably several thousand. And do you feel like for now, are you generally like kind of overbuilding them to just try to get through the point of being able to prove the heat shields, prove all the stuff, and then eventually you'll, you'll work on masks.
我们正在尝试解答我提到的问题。最大的问题是，呃，我们需要什么才能用可重复使用的隔热罩承受最大的加热，嗯，然后是能让推进器返回并被塔架捕捉到，以及飞船也返回并被塔架捕捉到。这些是必须实现的三个非常重要的目标。当我们进行发射时，包括第一次、第二次、第三次试飞，这些都是为了回答这些问题，这是实现重复使用所需的。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
We're trying to answer the questions that I mentioned. The biggest question being, um, can, what does it take to get through max heating, uh, with a reusable heat shield, um, then, uh, being able to, uh, have the booster come back and be caught by the tower and have the, the ship also come back and be caught by the tower? Yeah. So those are the three very big things that need to happen. And that's, in your mind, when you're launching these, including like flight one, two, three, you're, those are the questions, like those flights are just to answer those questions. That's what's needed for reusability.
你看，我觉得人们并不了解，你并不是想明天就发射一颗卫星。你的目标是回答问题。今年所有航班的有效载荷就是数据，只是为了学习一些东西。所以这就是一个设计优化的过程，目的是了解究竟什么有效，什么无效。有些东西有时会起作用，这可能会让你误以为它有效，因为它曾经成功过一次，但在不同因素组合的情况下可能就不再有效了。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
See, I think people just don't understand that that's, you're not looking at trying to get out there and launch a satellite tomorrow. You're trying to answer questions. The payload for all the flights this year is data, data, just to learn things. Um, so it's, it's design refinement to understand what actually, what, what works, what doesn't work. Yeah. Um, you know, some things sometimes work, which can throw you off because it worked once, but it doesn't work again because of the combination of factors isn't the same.
好的，所以首先你会发现设计中的一些基本错误，使得成功并不是一个可能的结果。是的。在某些情况下，它有点像俄罗斯轮盘赌，有时成功是可能的，但偶尔你也会自我毁灭。是的。因此，这需要进行大量的试验来弄清楚失败的概率，比如十分之一的失败率或百分之一的失败率。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Yep. So, uh, so you want to have, so the first things you'll find are like fundamental errors of design where success was not one of the possible outcomes. Yep. Um, then in some cases it's kind of like Russian roulette success is sometimes possible, possible. Yeah. Uh, but once in a while you, you blow yourself up. Yeah. Yeah. Um, so that's going to require a lot of flights to figure out like the, the one in 10 failure, the one in a hundred failure, that kind of thing.
这个嘛，会有很多类似的情况发生。嗯，就像SN项目一样，当时8号机几乎快要成功着陆了，9号机又几乎像是个倒退的感觉，然后10号机表现得比较好，而11号机又差了一些。就这样情况不断地来回变化，因为我们还在尝试和测试阶段，即使在这个阶段，事情也在持续进展。我只是觉得人们还不太习惯这种情况，你懂吗？
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Um, there'll be a whole bunch of things like that. Well, kind of even like the SN stuff when eight was darn close to landing, nine was almost a reversion feeling, 10 was better, 11 was worse. Like there was a little bit of a ping pong as things were kind of being tried and tested and you're still kind of in that phase, even, even at the scale. I just don't think people are used to that, you know?
好的。我是说，很多早期的测试主要是为了让我们学习如何使用不锈钢作为主要结构元素，以及如何使用液态甲烷和全流分级燃烧发动机作为引擎。所以，人们看到的更多是飞行是否成功着陆，而我们其实是在探索如何使用钢材、如何使用甲烷作为燃料，以及如何适应全新的发动机结构和新型襟翼等这些新鲜和创新的事物。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Yeah. I mean, a lot of those like, uh, early tests were, were, were also just about us learning how to work with, uh, stainless steel as the primary, uh, primary structural element and, uh, working with, uh, liquid methane and with a full flow stage combustion engine as the, as the engine. So, uh, a lot of what people saw was that the, the, the flight, you know, did it land or not land, but we're just trying to figure out how do we work with steel and how do we, uh, work with a methane as a fuel and a totally new engine architecture and new flaps, like things that are just new and novel.
好的。你得启动襟翼。对于襟翼，你需要非常强大的执行器，因为这需要很大的力。就像飞机在移动它的机翼，对吧。所以我们需要非常强大的执行器。是的，没错。此外，像发动机和载具之间的互动也非常复杂。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Yeah. You have to actuate the flaps. You need, you need very powerful actuators for the flaps because there are a lot of force. It's like an airplane moving its wings. Right. Right. So these are very powerful actuators that are needed. Yeah, absolutely. Um, so, you know, and all of the, the, the, the, like the engine to vehicle interactions are, uh, very complicated.
好的。在测试台上进行发动机试验时，你并不会真正看到那些互动情况。在测试台上点火时，发动机与载具之间的互动是无法显现的。而且，在飞行中，发动机与载具的互动方式又与地面上不同。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Yeah. So you, you don't really see those on the test stand when you, when you're firing the engines on the test stand, you don't get the engine to vehicle interactions. And then you've got different engines, vehicle interactions in flight than you do on the ground.
是的，完全同意，尤其是在调整飞行器的方向以及面对不同的重力和失重状态时。所有这些情况，没有任何测试平台能够在时速17,000英里并承受6倍重力的情况下对火箭进行全面测试。这在各种不同的飞行方向下是不可能做到的。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Yeah. Oh, a hundred percent, especially when you're changing orientation of a vehicle and different G forces and zero G. I mean, all the things. There's no test stand that can test, uh, a rocket at 17,000 miles an hour doing six Gs. Right. Uh, in, you know, every different orientation, it's not, it's not possible.
好的，所以你必须亲自操作飞行。是的，你在地面上尽可能多地准备，然后就得真正飞行了。嗯，可以在模拟中尝试解决问题，但很多东西不在模拟中包括。所以有些在模拟中有效，但在现实中就不行。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Yep. So you have to fly it. Yeah. You do as much as you can on the ground. Then you've got to fly it. Um, try to figure things out in simulation, but a lot of things are not going to be included in the simulation. So it'll work in some, but not in reality.
当然，太疯狂了。我们继续走吧？嗯，好的。谢谢。我不喜欢这样。我们需要你。我们正准备从起重机上移除物品，然后我们就能把后面那部分成功跨过去了。哈哈，他在呢。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Exactly. It's crazy. Shall we, uh, keep moving? Yeah. Sure. Thank you. I don't like it. We need you. We're just about to derick from the crane. And then, uh, we'll be able to cross the rear right on. He he he's.
哇。如你所见，Raptor发动机现在比以前整洁多了。虽然看起来东西变少了，但确实进步明显。不过，我们还没有进入V3版本，对吧？V3版本是不是就像是主力发动机一样？这种发动机会有吗？我觉得我们会在某个阶段做到，但那会是一个彻底的革新。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Wow. As you can see, the Raptor is a lot cleaner than it used to be. It looks like there's less stuff, but yeah, already. Yeah. But these, these are still not like the, we're not to V3 here yet. Right. Is the V3 the same thing as like the lead engine? Is that, are those sort of the lead engine was, I think we will do that. At some point, but that's like a, that's really a total tear up. Really?
好的，好吧。嗯，这看起来像是主引擎，但由于仍然有一些打印的零件，所以价格更贵。是的。下代Raptor引擎则不需要隔热罩。对，因为它是外露的，所以必须要有冷却系统。所有的部件内部都有集成的冷却回路。因此它外表非常简单，但内部却很复杂。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Yeah. Yeah. Uh, it, it looks like the lead engine, but it's very more expensive because it still has printed parts, for example. Yeah. So, um, but the, yeah, the next gen Raptor engine needs no heat shield. Right. So, uh, and because it's exposed, it has to have cooling. So there's integral cooling circuits throughout the, all the parts. So it looks very simple on the outside, but it's complicated on the inside.
就像，贯穿整个预燃器、气体分配器和其他部件，你看到的所有东西，最终都会消失。哇。事实上，这个事情已经在进行中了。我们已经有一个设计，这个设计是有效的。但看起来发动机还不完整。是的，你在演示上看到的那个效果图，看上去就像最初的一个模拟尝试。是的，但实际上，这只是次级回路和集成冷却作为每个部分的一部分。所以，如果你有一个次级冷却回路，你会让这些回路流经各个部分。而且，我们还去除了很多螺栓和焊接接头，所以特别是螺栓连接，真的很希望能够去除掉。是的，是的，是的。螺栓、法兰和密封件尤其在高温下是非常麻烦的。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Like even all throughout the, like the preburner and the gas manifolds and everything, it's all. All that stuff you see stuck on the side disappears. Wow. Uh, and that's actually, you, like that's being worked on now already. That's already. Yeah. We have a design. We have a design that's, that, that works. It, it, it, it looks like the engine isn't complete. Well, yeah. You had that, that, that, that render on the, that presentation. It just looked like literally like a, a first attempt at mocking up. Yeah. Yeah. But it's actually just the, the secondary circuits and integral cooling, um, are part of each part. So, so if you have a secondary cooling circuit, you run the secondary cooling circuit or secondary flow circuit, uh, through the various parts. Right. Um, and we also eliminate a whole bunch of, um, bolted and welded joints. Uh, so especially the bolted joints, you really want to get rid of those. Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. Bolts and flanges and seals are hell, especially if they're hot.
嗯，是这样的，下一代封装引擎维修起来有点困难，因为它有一些部件已经没有法兰连接，只是直接焊死了，对吧。所以，我们希望能让设计足够可靠，最好是根本不需要维修。如果需要更换某个部件，就必须把它切开才能进行。哇，在这种情况下，你可能还不如直接换整个引擎。我想你只是需要把它切开。对，对，我们会把它打开。嗯，还有一个非常大的用螺栓固定的法兰，它是用来连接输送来自燃料泵热气体的高温气体歧管的。是，你可以看到，只是不好指出来，因为它在比较高的位置，是连接燃料泵和氧气泵的一个部件，看起来像一个环带一样的东西。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Um, so yeah, the, the next gen wrapper engine is actually a little difficult to service because there are, uh, parts that are, that don't have a flange anymore. It's just welded shut. Right. Right. Right. Yeah. So you're just hoping to be able to get the design up to be so reliable, hopefully that you just don't need a service. If you need to change a part, you need to literally cut it open. Wow. So you'll probably at this point, you might as well just like swap out the whole engine I assume and just cut it open. Yeah. Yeah. We'll get it open. Um, so yeah, I mean, there's a massive, massive bolted flange for the hot gas manifold that's transferring hot gas from the fuel rich hot gas from the fuel pump site. Yeah. You can see that. Um, it's, it's, well, it's hard to point out. It's up in the air, but the thing that joins the, the, the, the, the fuels. Yeah. The fuel to a pump to the oxygen pump. Yeah. The kind of band looking thing.
是的，是的。那个看起来像乐队的东西，上下都有巨大的法兰，你要去掉这两个。这承受了很大的压力，非常热。哇哦，你看，这个阀门上有很多法兰，就像这个泵就是由法兰组成的一样。哇，法兰、法兰、法兰、法兰、法兰。我是说，这些是非常结实的法兰。而且里面没有像这样的主动冷却系统，或者说目前的Raptor版本不像这样。目前的版本并没有足够的冷却能力，无法抵抗高温气体等离子体的影响。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Yeah. Yeah. The band looking thing, uh, that, that's, uh, that has a monster flange at the top and bottom and you want to get rid of those two. And that's a whole, a lot of pressure, hot, that's a whole lot of pressure pressure. Yes. Jeez. I mean, you can see there's a lot of flanges. There's a lot of flanges here on this valve is like, oh, this, this pump is like made of flanges. Wow. Flange, flange, flange, flange, flange. And I, I mean, these are beast, beast level flanges. And these are all, uh, there's, so there is no like active cooling inside of two like this or the current version of Raptor like this. There's no current version does not have, um, there's, there's no, there's no, well, there technically is some, but there's not, the current version of Raptor does not have sufficient cooling to be able to, uh, resist, um, being in the, in the hot gas plasm.
像热质粒一样。是的。如果没有保护，它就会融化。这就是为什么我们这里需要防护罩。这也是为什么它被重重保护的原因。不过在下一代产品中，您现在看到的许多法兰将消失，取而代之的是内置冷却系统和内置的次级流动回路。是的。你们有没有考虑过在下方密集地排列一大堆发动机？这将产生巨大的推力。太疯狂了！看起来就像走进圣诞树商店一样。太惊人了！这些都是有史以来最先进的火箭发动机，却像流水线产品一样大量制造出来，毫不费力。超高压、高效率、全流式燃烧技术，样样俱全。太不可思议了！
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Like hot plasmids. Yeah. It's not, uh, yeah, it would melt. That's why you need, that's still why I need the shield here. Yeah. That's why it's, it's heavily shielded. Um, but the next gen, a bunch of the flanges you see here will disappear and it will have integral cooling and integral, uh, secondary flow circuits. Yeah. Um, yeah. Do you guys look, is it possible to do a whole bunch of engines down there? Pretty densely packed. It's a lot of thrust. It's a lot of thrust. Uh, it's crazy. It looks like when you go to a Christmas street store or something. Yeah. That's insane. Each one of these is the most advanced rocket engine ever made. And they're just being cranked out. Like it's nothing. Yeah. Super high pressure, high efficiency, full, you got a full flow stage combustion. All the goods. It's insane.
是的，有没有研究过，比如，我知道在飞机涡轮机可以对叶片进行某种冷却。那么，有没有办法对涡轮叶片和Raptor进行冷却？我们多次讨论过这个问题。我们可能会回到主工厂看看。天啊，我真不敢相信这里变化有多大。现在有两个巨型厂房。上次我来的时候，这里只有一个巨型厂房，而且都没有门。现在有门了。这是个不错的进步。它正在变成一个真正的工厂，知道吗，它正在变成一个真正的工厂。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Yeah. Is there, has there ever been any look into, like I know, you know, with, uh, aircraft turbines, you can do, uh, you know, like some kind of cooling on the actual turbine blades. Is there any way to do any kind of cooling on the turbine blades and, and Raptor? We've had that discussion many times. We'll probably head back into the, and see the main factory. Um. Jeez. I just can't believe how much has changed out here. You have two mega bays. I mean, last time I was out here, there's only one mega bay and neither, nothing had doors. Now you have doors. That's a pretty good future comfort. It's turning into a real factory, you know, it's turning into a real factory, you know?
好的，我们现在正在建造的是一个真正的大工厂，规模相当大，以至于很难同时处理所有事情。最终，我们将有一个专门为星舰建造的真正工厂，而不仅仅是在临时设施中制造。长远来看，我们希望把猛禽引擎的推力提升到大约330吨，甚至可能更高，达到335吨。这样在发射时，总推力将达到1万吨。这种推力非常惊人，可以说是超乎想象。对，这远远超过土星五号的推力，大约是它的三倍。我们需要这样强大的推力，总共大约2200万磅，而土星五号是750万磅。哦，天哪，简直不可思议。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Yeah. Well, this is a real factory that we're building here. Yeah. So, quite big. It's hard to keep up with everything out here. Yeah. So, this is a, we'll finally have a real factory for Starship, not just making it intense. Um. Yeah. So, long term, we want to try to get the thrust of Raptor up to, uh, around 330, maybe a little higher, maybe 335, uh, metric tons. So, that'll take us to a 10,000 ton thrust at lift roll. That's absolutely absurd. Sorry? That's absurd. Yeah, yeah. It's absurd. Like, beyond absurd. That's coming up on three times the amount of power as a Saturn V. That's, yeah. That'll be roughly three times the Saturn V. Um, yeah. That's what you need. It'd be like 22 million pounds of thrust, and a Saturn V is seven and a half. Oh, my gosh. Absolutely insane.
嗯，我觉得，你知道，有一种感觉就是，为什么我们现在的人没有做出像60年代建造土星五号那样的事情。土星五号和星舰相比其实很原始。而且它造价昂贵，并不具备可持续性。加上，它是一次性火箭。而星舰就不一样，它是完全可重复使用的火箭，目前还没有人做到这点，因为这极其困难，并不是因为他们没有考虑可重复使用的问题。而是因为太难了。当然，我们自己也还没有完全实现这个目标，不过我很有希望我们明年能够做到。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Well, I think, you know, there's this kind of feeling of, why aren't we, aren't people doing things like the, you know, the Saturn V being built in the, you know, in the 60s. Saturn V is primitive compared to Starship. Yes. And it's insanely expensive. It wasn't sustainable. Yeah. And it was, it was expendable. So. Yeah. Uh. Starship is in a, I mean, just any rocket that is fully reusable, which no one has achieved, because, uh, it is extremely difficult. Not because they didn't think about reusability. Right, right. Uh, so it was just, uh, too hard. So. And obviously, we haven't achieved that either. Um, you know, we've, we've got, uh, I'm hopeful that we will achieve, achieve it by next year. Mm-hmm.
呃，所以。但是至少，我们现在的设计中，成功是可能的结果之一。是的。在之前的设计中，全重用性的成功从来都不是一个可能的结果。如果你想一下，比如说你们出于某种原因决定必须把300吨载荷送入轨道，你们可以选择让火箭以一次性使用的方式发射，如果真有非做不可的理由。但这样做没有意义。不过，现在我们至少有了这个能力，这是第一次出现这种可能性。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Uh, so. But at least, at least we have a situation where we have a design where success is one of the possible outcomes. Yeah. So, no, no prior design, uh, was success one of the possible outcomes for full reusability. One, if you think about it, let's say you guys, for some reason, just were like, okay, screw it, we have to launch 300 metric tons to orbit, you could, you could, you could expend a rocket if you had, like, absolutely had to for some reason. Yeah, but it'd be pointless. It would be pointless. But, like, you have that capability, like, for the first time, since it's out of five.
好的，我的意思是，一般来说，如果你可以重复使用200吨的运载能力，那么你就可以做到一次性使用400吨。对，400吨，确实是非常惊人的。即使到了这种程度，比如说你需要加快进程，比如你需要做月球着陆系统（HLS）或者其他事情，以防轨道加油没有完成。其实轨道加油，我并不想过早下结论，但轨道加油实际上就是和我们自己对接。我们经常和空间站对接。对。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Well, I mean, generally, if you can do 200 tons reusable, you can do double that, um, expendable. Right. 400 tons. Yeah, yeah. Which is insane. Yeah. I mean, even to the point of, if you had to do, let's say you had to do, you know, HLS or something to try to speed it up or something, you know, if orbital refueling's not done or something. No, orbital refueling, I mean, I don't really count checkers before they hatch, but orbital refueling is really just docking with ourselves. Yeah. We dock with the space station all the time. Right.
与我们自身对接相比，空间站要困难得多。但是，会不会全部对接到一个，呃，类似于一个仓库的东西上呢？这是不是计划的一部分？是否会在轨道上？这取决于你想多快发射。如果是去月球，我觉得不需要一个仓库。我认为你只需要派一艘飞船上去，然后立即发送补给船。这样你的燃料挥发率不会太高。好的。那么，对于去月球，你会希望有一个专用的地球到月球系统，因为你不需要隔热罩。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
A space station is way harder to dock with than ourselves. And, but will it be all docking up to a, um, to, like, a depot? Is that kind of the plan? Is there to be at an orbital? It depends on how quickly you want to launch. So, if you're going to the moon, um, I don't know, I don't think you need a depot. I think you just send a ship up and send tankers immediately. Yeah. And your boil-off rate will not be too bad. Okay. Um, so, now for the moon, you'd want to have a dedicated, uh, earth orbit to moon system because you don't need a heat shield.
好吧。我想，对于着陆月球来说，我不需要热防护罩来减速。嗯，其实可能是这样的。因为月球没有大气层，所以它比看起来要热。没错，因此不能利用大气层来减速。不过，如果有时间的话，你可以想办法。是的，对于在月球上着陆，显然不需要襟翼，也不需要热防护罩，而且只需要很少的推力。对吧。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Right. Well, I don't need a heat shield to break, I suppose. Um, well, probably actually, yeah. The moon's, like, hotter than it seems because it doesn't have an atmosphere. Right. Um, so you can't use the atmosphere to break. So, but if you have time, you can- I guess you probably have, like, anyway, it's like- Yeah. Yeah. Uh, for landing on the moon, obviously, you don't need flaps, don't need a heat shield, uh, and you need very little thrust. Right.
嗯，不过你确实需要非常大的着陆腿。对，因为万一一个腿落在岩石上，而另一个落在陨石坑里，你可不希望翻倒。所以，我觉得很多人不了解的是，我们从阿波罗计划的16吨月球着陆器转变到HLS（月球人类着陆系统），而HLS会比阿波罗计划时用的着陆器重至少10倍，体积也比当时的大很多。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Uh, but you do need, uh, pretty big, uh, landing legs. Right. So, in case you, one leg lands on a boulder and one lands on a crater, uh, and you don't want to tip over. Right. So, um, because that's, uh, you know, I think HLS, I don't think a lot of people understand that we're going from a 16-ton lunar lander with the Apollo program to a, you know, I mean, I don't even know how heavy HLS is going to be. When, and when it lands, it's going to be at, you know, at least 10 times that massive and, or wait, yeah, at least 10 times that massive and acres of volume compared to anything that was landed during the Apollo program.
我认为人们可能还没准备好迎接星舰在月球上的巨大规模。当星舰在月球上时，它基本上就是一个居住地，不像阿波罗计划的登月舱那样只是一个小小的帐篷。我觉得下一步就是超越阿波罗计划，在月球上建立一个永久有人居住的基地，就像“月球基地阿尔法”一样。这样的话，就不仅仅是让几个人在那待几个小时，而是要有一个永久有人居住的基地。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
And I just think that people aren't necessarily ready for how, how big Starship will be on the moon. It's basically a habitat when it's on the moon, you know, it's not just a little tiny tent like the Apollo lunar landers. Uh, yeah. I mean, I think the next step is to go beyond Apollo and have a permanently occupied base on the moon. Yeah. Like moon base alpha. That's the next step. So you don't want to just have a few people there for a few hours. You want to have a permanently occupied base.
好的。这家工厂真大。是啊。我敢保证如果我们一年后再来，这里就会像普通工厂一样正常运作了。我是说，这里在三个月内会布满设备。天哪。那么这里会有相当多的新东西进来吗？有没有新的硬件和工具进来，可以提升生产率，或者引入新的理念？这类情况怎么样？
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Right. This factory is huge. Yeah. And I guarantee if we came back in a year, it'd be just up and running like a normal factory already. I mean, it'll be, this will be filled with equipment in three months. Jeez. So is there a decent amount of like new stuff that's like, is there hardware coming in here and tools that are coming in here that will unlock like just mostly production rate or even like new ideas or, or what's that kind of like?
我的意思是，你可以用手工的方式建造任何设计，也就是说，可以慢慢地进行，通过让大量的工人来到同一个工作站。但如果要实现真正的生产，就必须从一个工作站移动到另一个工作站，并且确保在每个工作站的工作量相同。理解吗？所以，这意味着会有很多工作站。所以你会看到很多正在进行中的工作。你能非常清楚地看到堵点在哪里，然后进行调整。哇，真有趣，想想看，五年前这里只有马克一号和一个帐篷，而星门是这里最大的东西。那个小小的星门。而现在，我今天差点没找到它，因为它看起来就像个小棚子。和周围的东西比起来，它显得很微不足道。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
I mean, you can build any given design in an artisanal way, uh, slowly with, uh, you know, by having a lot, a lot of crews come to the same station, but in order to have real production, you've got to move from one station to another where you have the same amount of work at each station. Right. So this is meant to have a lot of stations. So you'll see a lot of work in progress. Yeah. You'll be able to see very clearly, I guess, uh, where the, where the blockages are. And make changes to it then. Yeah. Jeez. It's so funny to think about how, you know, we're only five years ago out here when, uh, the Mark one and all you had was a tent and Stargate was the biggest thing out here. That little Stargate thing. Yeah. And now you, I almost missed it trying to pull into Stargate today. Cause it looks like a little hut. Yeah. It's like dwarfed by absolutely everything else out here already.
好的。这真是太疯狂了。哦，空调的感觉真不错。天啊，这样一直延伸下去。我本以为那就是主要的部分。哎，还有更多东西在那堵墙后面。哇，这里才是真正的工厂。这才是另一边的样子。另一边有点像这样。你知道，我们显然只是在检查每一块瓷砖，确保它没裂开，而且固定得很好。对于它们的安装方式，你感觉怎么样？比如安装点怎么样，足够好吗？我还在不断改进安装点。其实，99%的时间都运行得很好。问题就在于弄清那1%会出现的问题，比如导致瓷砖开裂或其他问题。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Yeah. It's just crazy. Oh, that feels nice. Air conditioning. Holy crap. It just keeps going. Yeah. I thought that was the main thing. Yeah. Jeez. There was more behind that wall. Yeah. Holy crap. So this is more of a real factory here. This is what the other side will look like. The other side will look like this. You know, there were, we're obviously just checking each tile to make sure it's, uh, not cracked and it's well seated. How are you feeling about the, the way they're actually secured on there? Like the, the mounting point, is that decent? I'm continuing to iterate on the mounting point. I mean, it's, it has a, you know, 99% of the time it works well. So it's just a question of figuring out what are the 1% that, uh, have issues where it pulls, it causes a tile to crack or some other problem.
我一直在想，那些很难解决的问题之一是，这个东西你其实无法从两边接触。就像是没有螺栓可以拧上去，因为它必须是卡扣式的连接。你知道那种家具的连接方式吗？就是把两块木头连在一起，然后在一端旋转一个磁铁，它会带动螺母旋转。我总在想，如果能有这样的东西——这个基本上就是卡扣式的连接，你几乎必须破坏瓷砖才能拆下来。对，这就是要装上了就不应该拆下来的构造。即使是在那些没有渐缩的部件上，比如说在主体部分，我们仍然能看到一些水平的接缝。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
I always keep thinking the, the, one of the big challenges that you can't access the, you can only access it, you can't access it from either side really. Like there's not a bolt you can screw on because you have, it's a snap on. It's a, it has to be a snap on. Yeah. You ever seen the like furniture mountings where like you have two pieces of wood joined together and then you spin a magnet on one end and it spins the nut on. I've always wondered like if something like that could be, I mean, this is basically it snaps on and you pretty much have to break the tile to pull it off. Really? Yeah. I was meant to go on and stay on. Yeah. And we still see like, even on the, the parts that aren't tapered up, you know, like on the main body, we still see some, some horizontal seams.
这段话可以翻译成中文，如下：
“那些接缝是怎么回事？我知道那看起来很糟糕。其实它们没那么重要。接缝只是鼻锥的不同部分而已。所以，这并不是一个争议性的问题。你可以等到整个鼻锥制作完成后，再安装附件点。但是，我们目前是在每个部分上安装瓷砖的固定点。这就是为什么会有一条水平的线。因为一旦整个制作完成，鼻锥体积太大，就很难再安装所有的附件点。这是不是问题所在？有不止一种方法可以解决问题，这只是其中一种方式而已。”
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
What's the, uh, what's the deal with those seams? I know that was like pretty bad. Uh, no, they, they don't really matter that much. Um, they're just different sections of the nose cone. So, uh, now this isn't somewhat of a debate. You could wait until the whole nose cone is made and then, uh, and then put the attachment points on at that point. Um, so currently we put the tile attachment points on in sections. Okay. So that's why you've got, um, a line. The horizontal line. Okay. Yeah. It's probably just a lot harder to, once it's all manufactured, it's just so massive, it'd be hard to put all the attachment points on. Is that kind of the problem? There are, there's more than one way to skin a cat. This is just a cat getting skinned.
是的，是的，是的。这并不是说没有更好的方法。首先，我们需要找到一种可以正常工作的方式。然后再进行优化。注意脚下，这里还有很多工作要做。哦，那看起来很酷。那是着陆舱吗？是的，那是一个储罐，检测罐。太疯狂了。天啊，那些COPV（复合超压容器）是靠在储罐上的吗？就是这样的吗？天啊，让储罐承受压力的时候，发动机也正在运行。太不可思议了。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Yeah. Yeah. Yeah. It's not, it's not to say that there is, um, not a better way to do it. Yeah. Uh, there are the first order of business is to get one way at all that works. Yep. Um, thereafter to optimize. Yep. Watch your step here. There's still a lot of work we've got to do here. Oh, that's cool looking. That's, is that the, uh, the landing tank for, yeah, it's a header tank, header tank there. That's insane. Jeez. And then are those COPVs propped up against it like that then? Is that what those, jeez. Got a pressurized head attack with something and the engine's on on. Exactly. Wow.
那么，呃，现在我们在星舰上看到的那个像PEZ糖果盒一样的门，你觉得它会一直保留下来吗？还是有一天会换成一个大开口？呃，对于Starlink卫星来说，它们是比较平坦的。因此，大开口是合理的。没有必要为了一个扁平的小东西而设计巨大的整流罩，就像是一个巨大的扁平煎饼。对吧。之前门的测试进展得还算顺利吗？因为我觉得你们好像没有继续做什么。他们遇到了一些问题。是的，当然，我想这个设计还是相当基础的。然而，在靠近格兰德河的沙洲上有这样一个非常复杂的工厂，真是令人惊叹。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
So the, uh, like the PEZ door that we see on Starship now, is that, do you think that's going to stick around or is there still going to be like a chomper someday or is it? Uh, well for the Starlink satellites, uh, they're pretty flat. So the chomper makes sense. There's no point in having a giant fairing for a, you know, flat little, it's a giant flat pancake. Right. What did the, the door test go reasonably well on the last one or, cause I think you guys aren't doing anything with it. They had some issues. Yeah. It's pretty rudimentary of course, I assume. Yeah. But it's wild that you've got this sort of really quite sophisticated factory on a sand, on a sandbar by the Rio Grande.
好的。是的。这就像外星飞船降落了一样。真的。这些是推进器吗？是这样的吗？小型喷气背包。啊，有些细节可能碰到一些ITAR规定的问题。没问题。我觉得即使有人想要复制我们，也很难模仿。这跟之前比有了很大的进步。是的，确实如此。我是说，现在一切都很干净，没有泥土和灰尘。有门的时候会更好。是的，以前总是有泥土和灰尘。对，还有鸟什么的。总是会有一些泥土和灰尘，但已经很少了。这比以前的马赫1时代要先进很多。是的，马赫1的时候，看起来就像塔图因的垃圾场一样，虽然那样也很有魅力。不过当时确实有很多灰尘和泥土。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Yeah. Yeah. It's like an alien spaceship landed. Right. Seriously. These are, are these, uh, thrusters here then? Yeah. Is that what these are? Little, little jetpacks. Uh, this will take the detailed stuff of the, that might, uh, run a foul of some ITAR stuff. Deal. Yeah. I mean, I don't know if, if anyone is going to copy us, that would be, it's a hard thing to copy. It's come a long way since three times. Yeah, sure has. I mean, everything's clean in this. There's no mud and dust. It's better when it has doors on it. Yeah. I mean, everything used to have mud and dust. Yes. And birds and things. There's always some finite mud and dust, but it's much smaller than. It's a long ways from Mach 1 on it. Yeah. Yeah. I mean, the Mach 1 thing, it looked like the junkyard in Tatooine. Which was charming. Yeah. There was a lot of dust and mud.
翻译为中文如下：
远侧火箭。远侧火箭。我是说，Mach 1 作为一个概念作品是很有想法的。是的。我会说是概念艺术。是的。这是旅程的一部分。绝对是。是的。所以，James 指出，这实际上是整个围绕着的，像所有的东西依然在后面。还有更多内容。是的。那就像是圆顶线。那是圆顶线。哇。那是圆顶线。是的。那是圆顶线。还有线圈，那是启动线在那里。太疯狂了。是的。所以，我们确实有一个现有的工厂，是围绕着你刚刚看到的那个。这就是我们制造削尖器助推器的地方。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
The far side rocket. The far side rocket. I mean, Mach 1 was conceptual as a concept piece. Yeah. I'd say concept art. Yeah. It was part of the journey. It was part of the journey. Absolutely. Yeah. So, James pointed out that this actually wraps all the way around the, like, all of that's still back there. There's more to it. Yeah. That's like, that's the dome line. That's the dome line. Jeez. That's the dome line. Yeah. That's the dome line. And the coils, that's the starter lines over there. That's crazy. Yeah. So, we do have an existing factory that's wrapped around the one you just saw. That's where we make the sharpener booster.
好的，到时候那边会打开，你就可以开始在那段区域以“S”形路线前进。这样，在我们把另一侧的门装好后，那面墙就可以拆掉了，那时候整个工厂就会一眼望不到边。这个工厂比我想象的要大得多。从路上看，它已经很大了，但是亲眼看到简直让人震惊。很明显，往南走，厂房各部分会逐渐增大。因此，刚开始的时候比较矮，然后逐渐变高。是的，甚至连屋顶的高度也是这样，如果部件变大，屋顶也会更高。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
So, then that will open up and you'll start serpentining it basically through there. Yeah. That will take down that wall there that is, once we have the doors on the other side, we'll take down that wall and then you'll just have factory will just kind of go as far as the I can see. It's so much bigger than I thought. From the road, I mean, it looks big from the road, but it's insane. It's ridiculous. Obviously, the sections get gradually bigger as you go south. Right. So, that's why things start off sort of short and then get taller as you go along. Yeah. Even the roof line does that, right? It's going to get bigger if the pieces get bigger.
这真是太疯狂了。你们现在还在用那些东西吗？我记得很久以前，很多地方都在用特斯拉的马达。实际上，你应该那样说，不是这样的。好吧，用于鳍片和其他东西的地方都有很多特斯拉马达，也许甚至连网格鳍都装了一个Model S的马达之类的。你们还在使用这种特斯拉零件吗？是的，我们确实用特斯拉的驱动单元来操控网格鳍。并且飞船上的大襟翼也是这样用的吗？是的，抱歉。我刚刚在想其他事情。嘿。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
That's absolutely crazy. Are you guys still using, like, I remember, you know, back in the day, there's a lot of, like, Tesla motors being used. Actually, you said that way. Yeah, not that way. Okay. So, there's a lot of Tesla motors being used, like, you know, for the fins and all that kind of stuff and maybe even the grid fins had, like, literally a Model S motor or something. Are you still kind of using some Tesla parts like that? Yeah, we just use the Tesla drive units to actuate the grid fins. And the big flaps still, too, on ship? Yes. Sorry. Yes. Essentially, sorry. I was just thinking about something else. Yeah. Hey.
是的，我们正在尽量避免使用液压系统。我们使用的是全电动执行装置。是的，发动机也是通过电动方式进行万向调整。没错，所以我们真的在尽可能地远离液压系统。实际上，我认为这辆车里几乎没有液压系统。如果有的话，也只是一些非常微小的部件。嗯，但我觉得应该是没有的。这真的很疯狂。我甚至想不到其他的例子。倒是用了很多气动装置。是的，所有的阀门和其他东西显然都是这样的。对比之前的情况，这真是太不可思议了。是的，就在不久前。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
The, yeah, we use the, we're trying not to use hydraulics. It's all electric actuation. Yeah. So, the engines are also gimbled electrically. Yep. So, you're really moving away from hydraulics wherever possible, really. Yeah. There's almost, I think there's actually no hydraulics in the vehicle. If there's hydraulics, it's some very tiny little part. Huh. But I think there's none. That's wild, actually. I can't even think of another. There's pneumatics. Right. A lot. Yeah. For all the valves and everything, obviously. Yeah. That's crazy. Jeez. It's surreal compared to what it was. Yeah, it was surreal. Just a little bit ago.
哇。真是没完没了。这实在是太疯狂了。是啊，从一个小帐篷开始。现在这里让Hawthorne看起来都显得小了，而Hawthorne本身是个很大的地方，实际上是一整个园区。真是不可思议。这是Meme街。Meme街？现在是这么叫的吗？对，就是这个名字。我们要换辆车了，但你如果看看路标的话，上面写的就是Meme街。这就是它的官方名字。以前叫Weems，我们把它改成了Memes。重要的事情。我喜欢这个。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Wow. It just keeps going and going. That is crazy. Yeah. From one little tent. Yeah. This is starting to make Hawthorne look tiny. And Hawthorne's a big, well. Hawthorne's actually a whole campus. Absolutely crazy. That's Meme Street. Meme Street? Yeah. Is that what it says now? That's what it's called. All right. I think we're jumping in a different car here. But if you look at the street sign. We got Meme Street. Yeah. It's literally called Meme Street. That is its official name. It used to be called Weems, and we changed it from Weems to Memes. The important things. I love it.
天啊。刚才实在是太不可思议了吧？特别感谢埃隆·马斯克，感谢他带我们参观，给我们后续的指导，并教了我们很多内幕信息。真的非常感谢。同时，我也要特别感谢我们的支持者，尤其是在 Patreon 上的那些朋友。如果你想支持我们的工作，请访问 patreon.com/everydayastronaut。现在是支持我们的绝佳时机，因为我们的第二部分已经上线审核了。所以，再次提醒，访问 patreon.com/everydayastronaut 立即查看第二部分。但即使你还不是支持者，也不用担心。第二部分会在审核结束后发布，所以一定要订阅，以免错过。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Holy crap. Was that incredible or what? Huge thank you to, especially Elon Musk, for showing us around and following up and just teaching us so much about what's going on and showing us the inside. Huge thanks. Amazing. And I also owe a huge thank you to our supporters, especially those over on Patreon. If you want to support the work we do here, head on over to patreon.com slash everydayastronaut. And now is a great time to be a supporter because we already have part two up for review. So again, patreon.com slash everydayastronaut to catch part two right now. But even if you're not a supporter, fear not. Part two is coming out once reviews are done, so be sure you're subscribed so you don't miss out.
在等待的同时，有一个免费的好方法可以支持这个频道，就是观看一些你可能错过的最近视频，比如其他公司的参观或对另类发射概念的深入探讨。多点一点看看，真的能帮助这个频道哦。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
And while you're waiting, a good free way to support the channels to just watch some recent videos that you might have missed, like other tours of companies or deep dives on alternate launch concepts. So click around, watch a few. It truly helps the channel out.
当你在网上时，务必浏览一下我们的超棒周边商店，那里有像这样的T恤、我们的新款"轨道"系列T恤，以及在everydayastronaut.com/shop上还有许多其他令人惊叹的商品。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
And while you're online, be sure and check out our awesome merch store for shirts like this, our new orbital shirt, and lots of other incredible things over at everydayastronaut.com slash shop.
谢谢大家。这就是我的分享。我是Tim Dodd，日常宇航员，为普通人带来贴近生活的太空知识。
▶ 英文原文 ⏱
Thanks, everybody. That's going to do it for me. I'm Tim Dodd, the Everyday Astronaut, bringing space down to Earth for everyday people.