What you must know before AGI arrives | Carnegie Mellon University Po-Shen Loh

发布时间 2026-02-03 14:01:12 来源

Po Shen Loh，卡内基梅隆大学杰出的数学教授兼社会企业家，在一个人工智能飞速发展的时代，分享了他对教育和人类潜力的引人深思的愿景。他认为，随着人工智能的创造力和解决问题能力（正如其解决复杂的国际数学奥林匹克竞赛题目的能力所展现的那样）很快将超越人类能力，人类作为地球“顶级物种”的时代即将结束。 Loh警告不要过度依赖人工智能的弊端，尤其是在学生群体中。他强调了学生利用人工智能完成作业等任务的危险性，认为这无异于“开车行驶一英里去锻炼”——它绕过了培养逻辑思维至关重要的学习过程。人工智能，特别是大型语言模型，擅长的是*语言*模式，而不一定是真正的*思想*。如果孩子们丧失了批判性思考和综合自身想法的能力，他们就有可能变得依赖他人并容易受到影响。为了在这个新环境中蓬勃发展，Loh强调了基础技能的关键重要性：阅读、写作、沟通和逻辑。他倡导教育理念的转变，从仅仅“做作业”转向“批改作业”，这意味着学生必须学会批判性地评估信息并形成自己的思维方式，而不仅仅是记忆答案。他感叹现代应试教育产业用死记硬背取代了真正的智力创造，扼杀了思维的灵活性。 Loh的个人经历，从纯粹的数学竞赛到意识到持续竞争的空虚感，引导他形成了一种新哲学：即从“让一大群人快乐”中寻找乐趣和成功。这种理念推动了他的教育事业，一个被设计成“三赢局面”的“生态系统”。它连接了寻求学习数学的学生、数学能力强的个人（他们希望培养情商），以及需要灵活工作的戏剧学生。受他自己即兴喜剧课程的启发，他意识到戏剧专业人士可以辅导高中生，在一个引人入胜的“好莱坞品质”环境中，传授宝贵的沟通和思维技能。他的项目旨在惠及数百万人，专注于特定的数学主题（代数、几何、组合学、数论），这些主题并非为了死记硬背而选，而是为了培养学生“生成自己想法”并最终“学会学习任何东西”的能力。展望未来，Loh提出，最重要的人类技能将是“为他人创造价值并带来喜悦”的能力。随着人工智能处理更多任务，真实的协作、同理心以及通过理解不同视角来“模拟世界”的能力，将对生存和机遇至关重要。他自己使用人工智能并非为了外包思考，而是为了*增强自己的理解*和逻辑推理能力，正如他对纳什维尔音乐场景的研究所示。他的核心使命是培养“自主的人类思维”，或者说“深思熟虑”。他担心人类对专注和批判性思维的兴趣下降，这种下降因科技而加剧。他强调创造力和自我表达，即融入“你自己的独特视角”，对充实的生活至关重要。此外，失去推理能力使个人容易受到欺骗，尤其是在面对看似“有说服力”的人工智能时。 Loh强调了人工智能固有的偏见以及少数供应商提供的有限视角。他敦促人们积极寻求多样化的新闻和观点（例如，CNN和福克斯新闻），以批判性地评估信息并辨别其背后目的，因为“每个人都有自己的目的”。他最后强调了现实世界互动和同理心的必要性，以真正理解人们的需求并创造价值，借鉴了他从公园讲座到贫困学校教学的经验。他观察到，这种直接的接触揭示了尚未开发的人类潜力，就像那些没有接触过技术的孩子所展现出的独创性创造力。

Po Shen Loh, a distinguished math professor at Carnegie Mellon University and a social entrepreneur, shares his compelling vision for education and human potential in an era dominated by rapidly advancing Artificial Intelligence. He believes humanity is nearing the end of its time as the planet's "top species," as AI's creativity and problem-solving capabilities, as demonstrated by its ability to solve complex International Math Olympiad problems, will soon surpass human abilities. Loh cautions against the pitfalls of over-reliance on AI, especially among students. He highlights the danger of using AI for tasks like writing homework, arguing it's akin to "driving a car one mile for exercise" – it bypasses the learning process crucial for developing logical thinking. AI, particularly Large Language Models, excels at *language* patterns, not necessarily genuine *thought*. If children lose the ability to think critically and synthesize their own ideas, they risk becoming dependent and easily influenced. To thrive in this new landscape, Loh emphasizes the critical importance of foundational skills: reading, writing, communication, and logic. He advocates for a shift in educational philosophy from merely "doing homework" to "grading homework," meaning students must learn to critically evaluate information and develop their own ways of thinking, rather than just memorizing answers. He laments how the modern test preparation industry has replaced genuine intellectual invention with rote memorization, stifling mental flexibility. Loh's personal journey, from pure math competition to realizing the unfulfillment of constant rivalry, led him to a new philosophy: finding joy and success in "making a bunch of other people happy." This ethos drives his educational venture, an "ecosystem" designed as a "win-win-win situation." It connects students seeking to learn math, strong math individuals looking to build emotional intelligence (EQ), and drama students needing flexible work. Inspired by his own improv comedy classes, he realized drama professionals could coach high schoolers, teaching invaluable communication and thinking skills in an engaging, "Hollywood quality" environment. His program, which aims to reach millions, focuses on specific math topics (algebra, geometry, combinatorics, number theory) chosen not for rote learning but to cultivate the ability to "generate their own idea" and ultimately "learn anything." Looking ahead, Loh posits that the most vital human skill will be the ability to "create value and delight in other people." As AI handles more tasks, authentic collaboration, empathy, and the capacity to "simulate the world" by understanding diverse perspectives will be crucial for survival and opportunity. He uses AI himself not to outsource thinking, but to *enhance his own understanding* and logical reasoning, as seen in his research into Nashville's music scene. His core mission is fostering "autonomous human thinking," or "thoughtfulness." He worries about humanity's decreasing interest in concentration and critical thought, exacerbated by technology. He stresses that creativity and self-expression, injecting "your own twist on things," are essential for a fulfilling life. Furthermore, losing the ability to reason makes individuals vulnerable to deception, especially from seemingly "convincing" AI. Loh highlights the inherent biases in AI and the limited viewpoints offered by a few providers. He urges people to actively seek diverse news and perspectives (e.g., both CNN and Fox News) to critically evaluate information and discern agendas, as "everyone has an agenda." He concludes by underscoring the necessity of real-world interaction and empathy to genuinely understand people's needs and create value, drawing on his experiences from public park talks to teaching in disadvantaged schools. This direct engagement, he observes, reveals untapped human potential, like the ingenious creativity of children without access to technology.

摘要

Po-Shen Loh returns with a complete compilation of his two-part lecture series on education in the AI era. This video brings ...

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中英文字稿

For many, many years, humans were the top species, the most capable things on this planet. Soon it will not be that case. The creativity in the AI can probably surpass what we can do too. The AI is advancing so fast with my own kids, I have three kids. I'm a math professor at Carnegie Mellon University. I'm not even sure what's going to happen to university. In fact, actually, I'm going to say as a parent, I don't really even care too much if all of my children go to university. Because I think that at this point, by the time they go to university, boy, the world will be so different that the most important skill that you could have is that ability to synthesize your own idea.

多年来，人类一直是地球上最顶尖、最有能力的物种。但这种情况很快就会改变。人工智能的创造力可能会超过我们能力。人工智能的发展速度非常快，我有三个孩子，我在卡内基梅隆大学担任数学教授。我甚至不确定大学的未来会怎样。实际上，作为一名家长，我并不太在意我所有的孩子是否都上大学。因为我认为，到他们上大学的时候，世界会发生很大的变化，最重要的技能将是合成自己想法的能力。

I interview lots and lots of high school students who want to work with me. And during the interview, the way that I interview is I ask them questions until it's very clear from their body language that they have never seen this question before. I wait until it's really clear that they have never seen this before. And then I want to see how you think. The expectation is that you won't solve it. And so then I start to give hints. And then I want to see how quickly can you synthesize them into a solution for a problem we have never seen before. Actually, that's also creativity. We really need this skill now.

我会面试许多想和我一起工作的高中生。在面试中，我会不断提问，直到从他们的肢体语言中可以明显看出，他们之前从未见过这个问题。我会等到确定他们真的没有见过这个问题为止。然后，我观察他们的思考方式。我的预期是他们可能不能马上解决这个问题。因此，我会开始提供一些提示，然后看看他们能多快将这些提示整合成一个以前从未见过的问题的解决方案。其实，这也是创造力。我们现在非常需要这种能力。

I'm Po Shen Lowe. I'm a mathematician who likes to solve real world problems. In real life, I'm a math professor at Carnegie Mellon University. But I'm also a social entrepreneur where I've been running my own educational solution, which tries to make the world a more thoughtful place. My biggest surprise was last year the International Math Olympiad problems. Four of them were solved by Google's artificial intelligence. The International Math Olympiad has six questions. And all six of the questions are very, very original. They are so original that when the national coaches meet, they all look at the problems. And they all try to make sure nothing too similar to those problems has ever appeared in any contest or anywhere in the world before.

我是楼宝胜。我是一名数学家，喜欢解决现实世界中的问题。在现实生活中，我是卡内基梅隆大学的数学教授。同时，我也是一名社会企业家，运营着自己的教育项目，致力于让世界变得更有思考力。去年让我感到最惊讶的是，国际数学奥林匹克竞赛的题目中，有四道被谷歌的人工智能解出来了。国际数学奥林匹克竞赛共有六道题目，每一道题都非常原创。题目如此具有创新性，以至于当各国教练们聚在一起时，他们都会查看这些题目，以确保过去在任何比赛或世界上其他地方从未出现过类似的题目。

The questions are supposed to be really original. But nevertheless, the artificial intelligence was able to come up with solutions to four out of six, which is more than I can do. The only unique thing about human intelligence is that we hopefully care that humans still exist. The creativity in the AI can probably surpass what we can do too. In schools, one of the biggest places where students are using AI to treat under homework is for their writing. This, unfortunately, could make a huge problem for human civilization. Because you just have to think, what is that AI anyway? It's a large language model. How is that AI so good? It's because it's good at language.

这些问题本应该非常有创意。然而，人工智能竟然能解决其中的四个，而我所能做到的还不如它多。人类智慧唯一独特的地方在于我们希望人类能够继续存在。人工智能的创造力可能也会超过我们。在学校中，学生们用人工智能来帮助完成作业，尤其是在写作方面，这已经成为一个大问题。这可能会对人类文明造成巨大的影响。你必须思考，人工智能到底是什么呢？它是一个大型语言模型。这个人工智能为何如此优秀？因为它擅长语言。

It's good at looking at the patterns of words that often appear. If many kids lose this ability, we'll get many kids who grow up and aren't able to think logically. All they're able to do is just take whatever anyone else gives them. They'll just be dependent. If you're already grown up and you already have that skill and you're using the AI to achieve that task because that's for your job. Great. Okay, you're using it to do a job. But if you're in school, why are you doing that writing? It's not because the writing you make is going to make money directly. No, no. That writing is actually part of your own learning.

它善于识别常出现的词语模式。如果许多孩子失去这种能力，我们将有很多孩子长大后无法进行逻辑思考。他们只能接受别人给他们的东西，变得依赖他人。如果你已经成年人，并且已经具备了这种技能，并且在工作中使用AI来完成任务，那很好，因为这是你的工作需要。但如果你仍在上学，为什么要这样写作呢？不是因为这些写作会直接给你带来经济收益，而是这些写作实际上是你学习的一部分。

Using AI to do your writing homework in school is like saying, I'm not going to run a mile for exercise. I'm going to drive my car one mile for exercise. How much exercise you get? You get none. You're going to grow up and you're not going to be able to be as physically fit. Similar thing here was mentally fit. And just this observation that the power of the large language model is the L, the language. That's why we need to really make sure that all of our kids, and if you're watching this and your students, this is why you need to be really, really good with language.

用人工智能来完成学校的写作作业就像说：“我不打算跑一英里来锻炼身体，我打算开车一英里来锻炼。”这样你能锻炼多少？你什么也没锻炼到。长大后你会发现自己没有足够的体能。同样的道理，这里说的是心智能力。而这一观察表明，大型语言模型的强大之处在于「语言」。这就是为什么我们要确保所有的孩子——以及观看视频的学生——都要非常精通语言的原因。

For the next generation, all of these skills like reading and writing, communication, logic, these are all going to be very important because these are how you develop a good way to think. People used to go to school to learn how to do the homework and do the exams. Today, everyone needs to learn how to grade the homework. This is the huge difference. I've done lots of different kinds of teaching. I teach people all the way from their international Math Olympiad team. I will also go to schools and teach sixth grade in schools where unfortunately there might not even be any math teacher for the whole seventh grade.

对于下一代来说，阅读、写作、交流、逻辑等技能将非常重要，因为这些是形成良好思维方式的基础。过去，人们上学是为了学习如何完成作业和通过考试。而今天，每个人都需要学会如何为作业评分。这是一个巨大的变化。我从事过多种形式的教学，无论是指导国际数学奥林匹克竞赛的团队，还是去那些连七年级可能都没有数学老师的学校教授六年级的学生。

So I go and cover the entire range of education. I find this to be very interesting because that helps me to learn what the challenges are. The whole point of a school Math test is to see whether or not you listened and you practiced. In fact, all the Math competition problems in the US and also in many parts of the world are of this type, which is why today the way that I approach education and training is to try to help as many people as possible learn how to do those questions which they won't have seen before. But I want to emphasize the reason I've been doing a lot of work on this nowadays is because when I was doing Math competitions in the 1980s, the way you got good at it was by thinking.

我涉猎整个教育领域，对此我感到非常有趣，因为这让我了解到面对的挑战是什么。学校数学测试的目的就是看看你是否有认真听讲和练习。事实上，美国以及世界许多地方的数学竞赛题目都是这样的，因此如今我进行教育和培训的方式就是尽量帮助更多的人学习如何解答那些他们以前未曾见过的问题。但我想强调的是，我现在在这方面投入大量精力的原因是，因为在我上世纪八十年代参加数学竞赛时，提高能力的关键是思考。

Every problem which was new was a chance to practice mental flexibility. Today, unfortunately, there's a huge industry around test preparation and cramming, where people try to help students get high scores on these strange math questions by showing you all of the strange math questions that you might possibly see and that involves studying for many, many, many, many hours. So that the hope of the parents is that when the students see the test questions, they are never surprised that they have done everything many, many, many times. This causes students to have to go to school and after school and so many hours are actually very bad for the student. But even worse, it takes away the students' chance to invent.

每一个新问题都是锻炼思维灵活性的机会。然而，不幸的是，现在有一个庞大的行业围绕着考试准备和题海战术，帮助学生通过看到各种奇怪的数学题目来拿到高分。这种方法需要花费大量的时间去学习，家长希望学生在考试时不会感到惊讶，因为他们已经把所有可能的问题做了很多很多遍。这导致学生不仅要在学校学习，课后还得花很多时间，这对他们非常不利。但更糟糕的是，这剥夺了学生创新的机会。

So that's why what the world needs now is a large-scale way for everyone to learn how to grade homework, for everyone to learn how to come up with their own way of thinking. Not just how to do the problems. A long time ago when I started with education, I was actually just thinking about how to help people do math problems. Today, when I think back to that time, I think I was probably a solution looking for a problem. In the sense that somehow I thought it would be very important for people to be good at math. But then things that happened later in my life as I became the national coach of the US Olympic math team, I saw situations where there were so many clever, so capable people who were still so depressed and furthermore, after they graduated from high school, they even didn't really know what to do next because they thought that the point of life was to find ways to prove you're better than other people.

所以这就是为什么当今世界需要一种大规模的方法，让每个人都学会如何批改作业，学会如何形成自己的思维方式，而不仅仅是解决问题的方法。很久以前，当我刚开始涉足教育领域时，我实际上只是想着如何帮助人们解决数学问题。如今，回想那段时光，我觉得自己可能是在寻找问题的答案。我那时似乎认为，让人们精通数学是极其重要的。但后来我成为美国奥林匹克数学团队的国家教练，经历了一些事情，我看到很多聪明能干的人依然感到沮丧。而且，他们高中毕业后甚至不知道接下来该干什么，因为他们认为生活的意义在于找到能够证明自己比别人更优秀的方法。

That's when I realized we actually will do much better if we think about the philosophy to start with. Right? The philosophy in life should not be how do I do everyone else? If you do that, you will, you'll probably never be satisfied. But if your philosophy in life is, hey, it is actually addictive to make a bunch of other people happy. Oh, now I can do it for five people. Oh, now I can do it for five hundred people. Oh wow, now I can get thousand people that come to this thing. The more that you do, the more you want to do. And the fun part is that correlates also with traditional success. Then I realized, ah, I should be trying to push this worldwide. And if I don't do it, who will?

那时我意识到，如果我们从一开始就考虑人生哲学，我们实际上会做得更好，对吧？人生的哲学不应该是如何超越别人。如果你这么想，你可能永远也不会满足。但如果你的人生哲学是，让其他人快乐是一种令人上瘾的事情。那么，你就能让五个人快乐，再接着，你能让五百个人快乐，哇，现在你能让上千人参加这个活动。你做得越多，就越想做。更有趣的是，这种做法也与传统意义上的成功相吻合。然后我明白了，我应该努力把这个想法在全球推广。如果我不去做，那么谁会去做呢？

With the things I've done in my life, I know I have an opportunity to go and say, you know, I've seen what happens if you go all the way in pure competition. I've seen what happens if you go all the way and just practice problems to do the best on tests. Actually, that's not the right target. And I realized that because of my background, I would be able to shift mindsets. Then I said, okay, this is what I have to do. Money doesn't buy you happiness, but money is important for impact and influence. So in fact, it's very important that the things that we build are capable of generating enough money to create the impact. This just happens to be what drives me.

在我人生中所做的事情让我明白，我有机会站出来说，我知道如果全力以赴地追求纯粹的竞争会发生什么，也知道如果全心投入去做题以在考试中取得最好成绩会如何。其实，这并不是正确的目标。我意识到，凭借我的背景，我能够改变思维方式。于是我告诉自己，这就是我必须去做的事情。金钱买不到快乐，但金钱对于影响力和实现抱负来说是重要的。因此，我们所打造的事物必须具备产生足够经济收益的能力，以便产生影响。这恰恰是推动我的动力所在。

10 years ago, I had this crazy idea that maybe if we made a website that would collect people's ways of explaining math and science topics, then maybe people would explain the math and science topics, and it would be free and everyone would be able to learn math and science. And I remember thinking, oh, that can't be very hard. We'll be done with that in a few months. I'm glad I thought that, because I'm still working. So I had this whole thing called XP. We were making a website with free explanations, but that didn't actually have a business model of its own. It wasn't generating money.

十年前，我突发奇想：如果我们能建一个网站，收集大家用来解释数学和科学主题的方法，那或许人们就能更好地理解这些知识，而且这些资源都是免费的，人人都可以学习数学和科学。当时我记得自己还想，这应该不难吧，几个月内就可以完成。我很高兴自己当时这样想，因为直到现在我还在从事这个项目。我这个项目叫做XP，我们正在制作一个提供免费知识解释的网站，但它本身并没有商业模式，也没有带来收益。

So I had to find some way to support all of that. In 2019 and April, we started creating our own version of that in the United States of America, where we took charge of filming me teaching, and then we had a product which consisted of me teaching math that people could watch recordings of, and they would pay for it. And this made some amount of money. But then this one we still found there were pain points. And finally, about two years ago, I realized, you know what? What people really want is to have a live human experience with somebody else who's an expert. The only problem is that's quite rare and hard to find. And there's also another challenge, which is that ideally that person you're talking to is friendly. If the person knows a lot, but it's not friendly, that's actually not useful either, right?

所以，我必须找到一些方法来支持所有这些。2019年4月，我们在美国开始创建自己的版本。我们负责拍摄我的教学视频，然后有一个产品，就是我教数学的视频，人们可以观看这些录像，并为此付费。这样赚了一些钱。但我们发现仍然有一些问题。大约两年前，我意识到，人们真正想要的是和某位专家进行面对面的交流。问题是，这样的机会很稀有，很难找到。另一个挑战是，理想情况下，你交谈的对象要友好。如果那个人很有学问，但不友好，那其实也没什么用，对吧？

This is the hardest thing to deliver in education, because it's the least scalable. Of course, in entrepreneurship world, we always think about scalability. And yes, you can find one brilliant coach who teaches 10 students, or maybe even 20, or maybe even even 100. That's a small scale compared to the size of the world. And then that's when I suddenly realized I can make a giant win-win-win situation. So the main thing that I do now is an ecosystem. It's actually an ecosystem that I invented, which unites many different types of people to all contribute in ways where everyone is winning. One pain point, which was for the people learning math. Then the second pain point was for the people who are very, very strong at math already, from which building the EQ would be even better. Although I do want to emphasize, this is helping finish up to become extraordinary.

在教育中，这是一项最难实现的事情，因为它是最难扩展的。当然，在创业世界中，我们总是在考虑可扩展性。确实，你可以找到一个优秀的教练，他可以教10个学生，甚至可能是20个，或者甚至更多，达到100个学生。但相比于世界的规模，这仍然是个小规模。就在那时，我突然意识到我可以创造一个巨大的多方共赢的局面。所以我现在主要做的事情是建立一个生态系统。这个生态系统实际上是我发明的，它将各种类型的人们团结在一起，以一种人人都能受益的方式做出贡献。一个痛点是学习数学的人。而第二个痛点是那些已经很擅长数学的人，通过提升情商（EQ），可以变得更好。虽然我想强调，这帮助他们完成蜕变，成为非凡的人。

And the thing that made me realize, the key that maybe realized I could put everything together, was an experience that I had about five, six years ago, which is that I also took improvisational comedy classes myself. Improvisational comedy classes are acting classes. And I was doing that because I was trying to learn how to communicate better, to get more people interested in math. But I realized that even a math nerd like me can take those classes and then become able to talk to a few more people. So then I realized, let me add that. And then I walked over to our drama department. And I found out that actually there are lots of people who have extraordinary drama skills who are actually indeed very interested in paid part-time jobs to help to coach the high school students.

让我意识到我可以把一切整合在一起的关键，是我在大约五、六年前的一个经历，那就是我自己也参加了即兴喜剧班。即兴喜剧班其实就是表演课。我参加这些课程的目的是为了学习如何更好地沟通，以吸引更多人对数学感兴趣。但我意识到，即使是像我这样的数学迷，也可以通过这些课程学会与更多人交谈。于是我决定把这个元素加入进来。我走到我们的戏剧系，发现其实有很多人具备非凡的戏剧才能，他们对帮助指导高中生的兼职工作非常感兴趣。

So that's the third pain point. The third pain point is there are people who absolutely love what they're passionate about what they're doing into acting and drama world. But there's a practical need, which as well, how to find a stable part-time job flexible hours that they can use to support their passions. So suddenly win-win-win. We have all three lined up and that's why this thing scales. Actually, everyone winning is very important because I work with high school students. And so in our company, any time anyone wants to ask high school students to do anything, my answer to my employees is always that thing you want to ask that high schooler to do.

这就是第三个痛点。第三个痛点是，有些人非常热爱并且充满激情地投身于表演和戏剧领域。但是，他们同时也有一个实际的需求，那就是如何找到一份可以灵活安排工作时间的稳定兼职工作，以支持他们的热情。这样一来，我们就实现了三方共赢的局面。这种模式能够扩大规模的原因就在于此。事实上，实现共赢非常重要，因为我与高中生共事。因此，在我们公司，每当有人想让高中生做任何事情时，我对员工的建议总是务必明确你希望那位高中生去做的事情。

Can we explain to their parent why for a very busy high school student, that thing is the best thing they can do with their time? If I cannot explain that, they're not doing it. So this is the discipline that we run it to. This is how strongly we make it a win-win situation. We will never have a high school student doing something unless I could explain myself to their parent. We suggest it for your daughter to do this because it's really good for her to do this. The thing is, beforehand, it was hard to imagine there would be a way to do that until the answer became, oh yeah, because while doing this, they will get to learn from a broad way or Hollywood quality actor or actress that's going to help them become extraordinarily successful.

我们能否向家长解释，为什么对于一个非常忙碌的高中生来说，这件事情是他们能做的最有意义的事情？如果我无法解释清楚，那他们就不应该去做。这就是我们所追求的原则，我们非常重视双赢的局面。除非我能向家长解释，否则我们绝不会让高中生去做某件事情。我们建议您的女儿去做这件事，因为这对她真的很有好处。之前，很难想象有什么方法能做到这一点，直到我们发现答案是，哦，原来在做这件事的过程中，他们有机会从百老汇或好莱坞级别的演员身上学习，这将帮助他们取得非凡的成功。

Now win. But you see this took eight years to come up with two more years to scale. The speed at which we grow is purely just based on how long it takes for people who have middle school children to realize that oh, there are these classes here where the class looks as good as a twitch gaming stream and it's taught by math geniuses who are smiling. You know, these are things that people could not imagine that you put all together at the same time. And as people discover this, they actually switch over, they start joining our classes, then we can bring more high school students and the scaling power this can go to is we estimate that this easily can grow to 100,000 high school students in the US.

现在胜利了。但你看，这个过程花了八年时间才有了现在的成果，再加上两年时间来扩大规模。我们的成长速度完全取决于有中学生的家长需要多长时间才能意识到，哦，这里有这样一些课程，它们的界面像Twitch游戏直播一样吸引人，并且由充满活力的数学天才们授课。你知道，这些是人们以前无法想象会同时出现的事物。当人们发现这一点后，他们真的会选择加入我们的课程，这样我们就能吸引更多的高中生。我们估计，这样的扩展能力将可以轻松达到在美国拥有10万名高中生。

That's 1% of the US high school students. Teaching about a million middle school students. If you look at our live program, it looks a little strange because you will see that the only subjects that we teach is a pretty small number. Algebra, geometry, combinatorics, number theory. Why do we cover these? We cover these because these are a curriculum that teaches you how to think. The only way to do that is by giving them questions that they have never seen in school before. So I need to find a source of problems that you will not see in school. Actually, that turns out to be the middle school math competition curriculum because the people making those problems were trying to make problems that you don't see in school.

那是美国高中生的1%。我们教授大约一百万的初中生。如果你看看我们的课程安排，可能会觉得有点奇怪，因为我们教授的科目数量相对较少。只有代数、几何、组合数学和数论。为什么教授这些呢？因为这些课程能教会你如何思考。做到这一点的唯一方法是给学生们提供一些他们在学校从未见过的问题。所以我需要找到一些你在学校里看不到的问题来源。实际上，答案就是初中数学竞赛的课程，因为出这些题目的人正是希望设计出学校里看不到的问题。

But the difference between the way we do it and the way that lots of the training centers do it is that we are trying to use those as opportunities to make you able to practice the thinking instead of just showing you doing the question that way enough times. So the answer is the topics that we cover, specifically chosen because that will be enough to teach your student how to generate their own idea. Our philosophy is if you finish all of that, you will discover that you can learn anything. Our goal is not to make it so that we have classes for you for every year of your life.

我们与许多培训机构的不同之处在于，我们提供的机会旨在让你练习如何思考，而不只是不断重复同样的题目。我们所选的主题能够让学生学会自己独立思考和产生想法。我们的理念是，如果你完成了所有这些学习，你会发现你具备了学习任何东西的能力。我们的目标并不是让你一辈子都来上课。

Our goal is to make it so that as fast as possible, you don't need any classes from anyone ever again. Right, so that's one particular piece. But going forward, I think that one of the skills that people will really need is that aspect of actually wanting to create value and delight in other people. Why do I say this? I say this because for many, many years, humans were the top species, the most capable things on this planet. Soon it will not be that case. Soon, you're going to have to work together to survive.

我们的目标是让你尽快不再需要任何人的课程。对，这只是一个方面。但展望未来，我认为人们真正需要掌握的一项技能是愿意为他人创造价值和乐趣。为什么我这么说呢？因为多年来，人类一直是地球上最强的物种，拥有最强的能力。但很快情况就会改变。你将需要共同合作才能生存下去。

The only way to get other people to want to team up with you is for you to authentically and deeply be a person who is motivated by creating value in the other. If you are not that way, you are a bad partner and people will not want to go in team with you. If they don't team with you, you will die. You will lose opportunity. Because eventually, all of these kinds of jobs you can use AIs to do, then why would anyone want to employ you? Why would anyone want to have you as someone on their team? Presumably only because they somehow felt like you are going to create some value on the day.

想要让别人愿意与你合作，唯一的方法就是诚心诚意地成为一个能为他人创造价值的人。如果你不是这样的人，那你就是一个不好的合作伙伴，别人就不愿意和你组队。如果没人愿意和你合作，你将面临失败，也会失去机会。因为最终这些类型的工作都可能会被人工智能所取代，那么为什么还会有人愿意雇用你？为什么还会有人把你作为他们团队的一员？可能只是因为他们觉得你能在某天为他们带来一些价值。

They like that vibe. They like you. I think what we really need is to get more and more people who are figuring out what the real problem they solve is. But unfortunately, sometimes when kids just think about problems, they don't realize the way that you solve a problem is through empathy and through relating to other people. Why? Because you can't solve a problem unless you can visualize it through their eyes. I do spend a significant amount of my life working towards the goal of being better at simulating the world. I also use AI for that.

他们喜欢那种氛围，也喜欢你。我认为我们真正需要的是越来越多的人去发现他们解决的真正问题是什么。但不幸的是，有时候孩子们只想着问题，却没意识到解决问题的方法是通过共情和与他人建立联系。为什么呢？因为只有能通过别人的视角来理解问题，才能有效解决问题。我确实花了大量时间努力提高自己模拟世界的能力，我也利用人工智能来实现这一目标。

I think I'll give one exact example. I was just a Nashville Tennessee last week. I just saw a really. I thought very, very talented singer in one of the bars there. Wow, she's good. I just got curious, how hard is it to be able to get a performing spot on Broadway in Nashville? So I asked AI. I was actually not just interested in AI telling me about the days. I want to see the links. Tell me more. What is the background of this particular place that she's performing at?

我想我可以举个具体的例子。我上周刚去了田纳西州的纳什维尔。在那里的一个酒吧，我看到了一位我觉得非常非常有才华的歌手。哇，她唱得真好。我就好奇，在纳什维尔的百老汇大道上获得一个表演机会有多难。所以，我询问了人工智能。我其实并不只是想知道AI告诉我的情况，我更想看到相关的链接，了解更多关于她表演的这个地方的背景。

I will make my own conclusions based on knowing, oh, I see. So there's all of these different people who would want to do this thing, right? So if you're one of the people who got picked to do it at this prime time, oh, this makes logical sense. See, I'm using the AI to build the logic inside my brain for understanding country music performance. And why was I trying to understand? Honestly, it's because these days I also work with professional entertainers. So I'm also myself, all this scouting.

我会根据了解的信息自行得出结论。哦，我明白了，所以有很多人想要做这件事，对吧？如果你是那些在黄金时段被选中去做这件事的人之一，那就很合逻辑。你看，我正在用人工智能来构建脑海中的逻辑，以便理解乡村音乐的表演。那为什么我想要理解呢？说实话，是因为最近我也在和专业艺人一起工作。因此，我自己也在做这些研究。

The big heart of this is I wasn't using the AI to write the report for me. I was using AI to make myself better at that particular goal. Being able to simulate the world is the superpower that makes someone able to be a successful entrepreneur. Simulating the world allows you to imagine a product or imagine a strategy and then play it forward in your head. What would happen if I did this?

这段话的核心意思是，我并不是在利用人工智能替我撰写报告，而是通过它来提升自己在这个目标上的能力。能够模拟世界是创业者成功的超能力。通过模拟世界，你可以想象一个产品或策略，然后在脑海中演练其发展过程。比如，如果我这么做，会发生什么？

The work I do is really focused on building up autonomous human thinking. That's why the core word I use for the philosophy is thoughtful. I've watched over many years as people are becoming less and less interested in thinking. I think that actually happened because people found out that they can entertain themselves with iPads. And this unfortunately makes people also not have as much interest in concentrating and thinking about something. AI could make that much worse.

我所做的工作主要是为了培养人类独立思考的能力。因此，我用来概括这一理念的核心词是“深思熟虑”。多年来，我观察到人们对思考越来越不感兴趣。我认为这是因为人们发现可以通过iPad来娱乐自己。而不幸的是，这也导致人们对专注思考不再那么感兴趣。人工智能可能会让这种情况变得更糟。

The fun part of life is having your own contribution to the life that you live. Actually, I think that's why people actually like creativity. It's fun. People like to draw. People like to put their own flavor. People like to wear their own fashion. It expresses themselves. This expression of yourself, it would be un-lost if everything you do is efficient but just reliant on the AI which told you how to dress today. That's why I want more and more people to discover. It's fun to think. It's fun to have your own twist on things. Your own idea that you inject inside.

生活的乐趣在于对你所过的生活做出自己的贡献。其实，我认为这就是为什么人们喜欢创造力的原因。这是一种乐趣。人们喜欢画画，喜欢加入自己的风格，喜欢穿出自己的时尚。这些都是自我表达。如果你所做的一切只是依赖于告诉你今天该怎么穿的人工智能，即便很高效，你的自我表达却会消失无踪。这就是为什么我希望越来越多的人去发现，思考是有趣的，给事物加入自己的独特见解也是有趣的。而这种注入自我想法的过程，也是生活的乐趣之一。

The other dangerous thing that happens if people lose the ability to think and reason is that it makes it far easier to deceive people. The world is so complicated that if you look at any situation in the world, sometimes depending on how you tell the story of what happened, you can say statements that are all true, which make you come up with a different feeling. I think it's really important for people to be critical and for people to be able to understand what's really going on. Because sometimes when someone's talking to you, they have an agenda.

如果人们失去了思考和推理的能力，另一个危险的事情就是他们会更容易被欺骗。世界是如此复杂，以至于你在看待任何情况时，只要根据讲述事情的方法不同，你可以说出一些都是真的陈述，但会让人产生不同的感受。我认为人们保持批判性思维，并能够理解事情的真相是非常重要的。因为有时候，当有人和你交谈时，他们可能有自己的目的。

Like I'll be frank, I have an agenda. I'm trying to build a more thoughtful world. I'm going to be very, very upfront with you on that. Anyone who's watching this video, I think it's really important that we have as many people as possible find out how much fun it is to delight other people and to have the ability to think and figure that out. That's my agenda. But you see, everyone has an agenda. And if you can't think for yourself and you just listen to some authority, what if that agenda is actually to your detriment? You have no way of knowing.

坦白说，我有一个目标，我希望建立一个更有思考力的世界。我会非常直接地告诉你这一点。观看这段视频的每个人，我认为让尽可能多的人发现取悦他人是多么有趣，并有能力去思考和理解这一点，是非常重要的。这就是我的目标。但是，你知道，每个人都有自己的目标。如果你无法独立思考，只是听从某个权威的话，那如果这个目标实际上对你有害呢？你根本无法知道。

The technology revolution really made all of us start to realize how much of an impact bias has. In the sense that whoever makes some technology tool has some bias, what does bias really mean? Well, I guess there's a mathematician. The way I'd say it is 2 plus 2 is always 4. That's right. What's the point of life? Oh, I don't know. Like there's no clear definition. What's the point of life? I think the point of life is to delight as many other people as you can. But I know that you might not necessarily agree and it's not a problem.

科技革命让我们开始意识到偏见带来的巨大影响。从某种意义上说，创造科技工具的人都会带有一些偏见。那么，偏见究竟是什么意思呢？我想用数学家的方式来说，就是2加2永远等于4，这毫无疑问。可是生活的意义是什么呢？这个问题没有明确的答案。我认为生活的意义是尽可能多地让其他人感到快乐，但我知道你可能并不完全同意，这也没有关系。

I think it's healthy that we may have different starting points. The part that becomes unhealthy is where there is only a very short menu of options, each of which is followed by a huge number of people. That's actually where bias comes in because we just mentioned so far in this video a couple of different sources of AI providers, right? We have Claude, we have OpenAI, there's also Gemini, if you're in China, there's DeepSeek, there are all of these. But that's relatively few.

我认为我们有不同的起点是健康的。这变得不健康的部分是，当选项的种类非常少，而且每个选项都有大量人跟随时。偏见就会由此产生，因为在这个视频中我们提到的AI提供商来源其实并不多，对吧？我们有Claude，有OpenAI，还有其他一些。如果你在中国，还有DeepSeek等，但这些其实相对来说还是很少的。

If you think about it, that would be sort of like saying, well, the world has lots of different viewpoints. It has five of them, really? No, no. The world has seven and a half billion different viewpoints. There's seven and a half billion people. One of the beautiful things about, I guess, humanity is the fact that there are so many different ideas all out there. And let's be frank, some of the ideas are bad. Some of the people are unfortunately in prison because they decided to kill someone else. Hopefully, we all understand that.

如果你仔细想想，这就好像说，世界上有很多不同的观点，真的只有五种吗？不，实际上有七十五亿种不同的观点，因为地球上有七十五亿人。我认为，人类的美妙之一就在于存在着如此多的不同想法。坦白说，其中一些想法是不好的，一些人甚至因为决定杀人而被关进了监狱。希望我们都能理解这一点。

There's a bad idea. But the point is, there are lots of different people who are trying different kinds of ideas, lots of different philosophies. And in this great big marketplace of ideas that is the world, we see some ideas come out and the variety also allows us to have more creativity, perhaps. And when I look at the different AI tools, well, it's actually well known that they have certain biases.

这可不是什么好主意。但关键是，有很多不同的人在尝试各种不同的想法和理念。在这个如同大市场的世界里，我们看到一些想法浮出水面，不同的理念让我们可能拥有更多的创造力。当我观察各种人工智能工具时，很明显它们确实存在某些偏见。

This is also why for me, when I try to get the news, I don't only go to CNN.com. I also go to Fox News. I tune my social media so that my ex is all tracking Republican right-leaning viewpoints. And my Facebook is all tracking left-leaning viewpoints. And I look at both of them every day because I want to see what's going on. And my expectation is, yes, you're going to be biased. You have a certain view on the world and you think you're right. And you're biased too.

这也是为什么我在获取新闻时，不仅仅访问CNN.com。我还会去看看福克斯新闻。我调整我的社交媒体，让我的[某些平台/账号]都关注支持共和党、倾向右派的观点，而我的Facebook则追踪倾向左派的观点。我每天都会查看这些内容，因为我想了解发生了什么。我的预期是，是的，你会有偏见。你对这个世界有特定的看法，并且觉得自己是对的。而你也是有偏见的。

You have a way of thinking of the world. And my job, as I simulate the world, is to try to figure out where do you disagree? Ah, you disagree, perhaps on a few values of how people should live their life. And then that causes you to have different ways of reporting on the story. I think it's all the more important now that there's AI out here, which sounds like a very convincing, reasonable person.

你有自己看待世界的方式。而我的工作是模拟这个世界，尝试找出你和别人观点不同的地方。或许你在某些关于人们应如何生活的价值观上有不同看法，这导致你在报道故事时有不同的方式。我认为，现在有人工智能在这里显得尤为重要，因为它听起来像一个非常有说服力且理性的人。

It's even more important that people look at things and say, all right, is that really the story? Because I think that the AI is going to be so good at looking complete that you may think you have the entire story on a controversial situation, but you don't. What I do for fun is I like to meet and try to understand people whose backgrounds I don't fully understand yet. This is actually what I do for fun. This is also why we're talking right now, I happen to be talking to you in New York City. The way I got here overnight is I took the bus, the overnight bus. You know, some people don't take the overnight bus because who knows who you're taking the bus with. But for me, I'm actually not scared by that. That's just called real world.

人们更加需要注意，问自己这是否真的是事情的全貌，因为我认为人工智能在看起来完整无缺这方面会越来越好，以至于你可能以为你了解了一件争议事件的全部真相，但你其实并没有。我喜欢做的事情之一是去认识和了解那些我还不完全理解背景的人。这实际上是我娱乐的一部分。这也是为什么我们现在正在交谈，我恰好在纽约与你对话。我昨晚是坐夜班巴士来的。你知道，有些人不坐夜班巴士，因为他们不知道会和什么人一起搭车。但对我来说，我完全不害怕这点，这就是现实世界的一部分。

You can't understand the real world unless you actually start going into various parts of the real world. I think my message of how to create value is you cannot create value if you don't interact with people. You cannot just theoretically think about the value. And the more people, the more you can understand people of different backgrounds, understand means have some idea of how they tick, what are their needs, what are the limiting factors, what do they want to do? The better you are at modeling this, the more effective you will be at coming up with a solution. I started going to city after city after city, giving math talks in public parks. I actually set a schedule.

你无法真正理解现实世界，除非你亲自深入到现实世界的各个部分。我想传达的理念是，创造价值需要与人互动，如果只是停留在理论上思考价值，是无法实现的。接触更多的人，了解不同背景的人，即了解他们的性格特点、需求、限制因素以及他们的目标，这样你就能更好地洞察这些信息。你越擅长于这样的分析，就能更有效地提出解决方案。我开始一个城市接一个城市地去，在公园里举办数学演讲，并为此设定了行程安排。

I put the schedule on my website and I said I'm going to go to all these cities and people could just sign up to show up for the talks. And at the beginning, people were wondering, well, anyone's show up, but actually there would be like 50 to 100 people showing up at these talks in parks. And by the way, that was a fun journey because in order to do that, I was traveling around from park to park with all the AV equipment speakers and everything to be able to have a stage in park shelters all around the US. But while doing that inadvertently, that was customer discovery. Because I was able to suddenly interact with and talk to thousands of parents and students, which started to make me realize what kind of challenges people had.

我把行程安排放在了我的网站上，并说我要去这些城市，大家可以报名参加演讲。起初，人们在想是否会有人来，但实际上每次都有大约50到100人到公园参加这些演讲。顺便说一下，这段旅程很有趣，因为为了举办这些活动，我带着所有的音响设备在美国各地的公园里搭建舞台。做这些事情的过程中，我意外地进行了客户调研，因为我能够和成千上万的家长和学生面对面交流，开始了解到他们面临的各种挑战。

And that's why just a probably about one to two months after that, the big idea came. The big idea of, oh, we can actually have all these middle school students who I've met. They can all learn how to think all at the same time while these people who are brilliant become extremely polished so that someday later in their careers, they can be really successful. So that was the idea. It was like somehow you cannot really find the pain points if you're not seeing people. That's also why with a lot of the work that I do, I will go into schools. I love to work on education and I do it in a way where even just last night, I was writing to somebody who is involved with a large network of schools and their schools, I believe, serve students who are also disadvantaged.

大概在那之后的一到两个月内，一个伟大的想法诞生了。这个想法是，哦，我可以让所有我认识的中学生一起学习思考的能力，同时那些聪明的人也能得到充分的锻炼，使他们在职业生涯后期能够取得巨大成功。这就是这个想法的核心。就像如果你没有与人接触，就很难找到他们的问题所在。这也是我从事的很多工作中，我会亲自走进学校的原因。我热爱教育，并且以一种方式来进行这种工作，甚至就在昨晚，我还在写信给一个参与大型学校网络的人，我相信他们的学校也为贫困学生服务。

Now, instead of just putting money or putting resources from my side, what I said is, I'm very interested. Can we arrange for me to go into some of your schools and teach sixth grade? What I'm explaining is that with the way I do anything, if I want to work in a sector, I go and myself step in and start doing the work and see what happens. And this is actually how I came up with all these ideas because actually the ideas that I'm doing are all things I've personally experienced myself. I've experienced being a math person taking acting classes.

现在，我不再仅仅投入金钱或资源，而是表达了我的兴趣。我说，我很感兴趣，我们能不能安排我去你们的一些学校教六年级？我想解释的是，无论做什么，如果我想在某个行业工作，我会亲自参与进去，开始实际操作，观察会发生什么。而实际上，我的很多想法都是通过这样的方式得来的，因为我做的这些事情都是我亲身体验过的。我有过身为数学专业人士却去上表演课的经历。

I've experienced being a person learning how to think taught by somebody who knows a lot of things and also smiles. So all the different parts give me these ideas. And the other story I'll share is, I don't only go to rural America, I go all over the world. In fact, as I started running around rural areas, do I walk into the elementary school? I walked into the fourth grade classroom and I was just going to do my usual thing, Mr. Poe, the substitute teacher, so I wrote on the blackboard. What is one plus three plus five plus seven plus nine equals? As soon as I wrote equals, behind me I heard a bunch of kids yelling 25.

我曾有过这样的经历：我是一名学习思考的人，由一位懂得很多且常常微笑的人教授。所以这些不同的元素让我有了这些想法。我还想分享另一个故事，我不仅去过美国的乡村，也走遍了世界各地。事实上，当我开始在乡村地区奔波时，我是否走进过一所小学？我走进了一个四年级的教室，准备做我通常的事情——扮演替代老师，大家称我为Poe先生。于是我在黑板上写下，“1加3加5加7加9等于多少？”刚写完等号，我就听到身后有一群小孩大喊“25”。

I've actually never experienced before a classroom. The kids were all suggesting ideas. They were also very respectful of each other's ideas. This was one of the best classrooms I have ever taught. Those are wonderful kids. And I just told you the profile of the area was high poverty. I asked the person who took me around afterwards. These kids are amazing. Do they play games on their phones? And the lady told me they don't have phones. It's because of the money. In fact, they might not even have the internet access. So that's an interesting commentary. Then I said, what do they do for fun? And she said, well, they just figure out how to make their own games.

我之前从未见过如此的课堂。孩子们纷纷提出各种想法，而且他们彼此的想法都非常尊重。可以说这是我教过的最好的课堂之一。这些孩子真是太棒了。我刚才还提到过这一地区的贫困程度很高。课后我问带我参观的人，这些孩子真是不可思议。他们会玩吗手机游戏吗？那位女士告诉我，他们没有手机，因为经济原因。实际上，他们甚至可能没有网络。真是耐人寻味。然后我问，那他们平时怎么玩呢？她回答说，他们会自己动脑筋，发明属于自己的游戏。

So then I realized actually that huge pool of authentically interested and curious kids throughout rural America who already have the widths and the creativity which they've built from the way of life that they have very smart kids.

我意识到，美国农村地区有一大批真正感兴趣和好奇的孩子，他们从自己的生活方式中培养出了广泛的视野和创造力，这些孩子非常聪明。

This could be an enormous untapped potential for unleashing science and technology across not only the US but the entire world.

这可能是一个巨大的未开发潜力，可以在美国乃至全世界推动科学和技术的发展。