TikTok vs Instagram | Hitmaker | 4
发布时间 2020-12-09 10:00:00 来源
摘要
It’s November 2018. Mark Zuckerberg takes a hit as his copycat TikTok product fails miserably. Then, Instagram faces another disaster when a security breach draws ire from users. But Zuckerberg decides to launch a direct attack on his Chinese competitor. TikTok emerges as a major hitmaker in the music business and cements its place in pop culture. But founder Zhang Yiming's hot app comes under scrutiny from regulators, as it gets drawn into a geopolitical battle that could spell the end of TikTok. Listen to new episodes 1 week early and to all episodes ad free with Wondery+. Join Wondery+ for exclusives, binges, early access, and ad free listening. Available in the Wondery App https://wondery.app.link/businesswars.Support us by supporting our sponsors!See Privacy Policy at https://art19.com/privacy and California Privacy Notice at https://art19.com/privacy#do-not-sell-my-info.
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November 2018, Menlo Park, California. Mark Zuckerberg is in his office waiting for a report from one of his lieutenants. Dark bags hang under his eyes. It's been a grueling year. Zuckerberg has had to testify before a distrustful Senate. They grilled him about Facebook's handling of data privacy, Russian election interference, and the spread of disinformation. The public is souring on Facebook, and everywhere he turns, there's competition.
2018年11月，加利福尼亚州门洛帕克。马克·扎克伯格正坐在办公室里，等待着他的一名副手的报告。他的眼睛下方挂着黑眼袋，这一年来他很辛苦。扎克伯格不得不在一个不信任的参议院作证，他们痛批Facebook处理数据隐私、俄罗斯干预选举和传播虚假信息的方式。公众对Facebook的情绪越来越低落，在他的周围处处都是竞争。
TikTok's downloads reportedly exceed those of Instagram, but also of Facebook, Snapchat, and YouTube. Mark Lasso is live. Okay, keep me updated on the numbers. Lasso is Facebook's attempt to directly compete with TikTok. It's an exact copy.
据报道，TikTok的下载量超过了Instagram、Facebook、Snapchat和YouTube。目前Mark Lasso正在直播。好的，请随时更新数据给我。Lasso是Facebook想要直接与TikTok竞争的尝试。它是完全的复制品。
Users can upload 15-second videos to this new app and set them to music. After witnessing the power of music to draw people to TikTok, Zuckerberg secured licensing deals with major record labels. Now, users can add songs to posts on Lasso as well as on Facebook and Instagram. And since he's been burned before, Zuckerberg is launching Lasso quietly, so engineers can fix any problems before users publicly vent about them.
用户可以上传15秒的视频到这个新应用程序，并添加音乐。在见证了音乐吸引人们使用TikTok的威力后，扎克伯格与主要唱片公司达成了许可协议。现在，用户可以在Lasso以及Facebook和Instagram的帖子中添加歌曲。由于之前曾经被烧伤过，扎克伯格正在默默地推出Lasso，以便工程师可以在用户公开抱怨之前解决任何问题。
An hour later, Zuckerberg gets another call from his deputy. Mark, the numbers aren't looking good. What's going on? Barely anyone is downloading it. By February 2019, only 70,000 users have downloaded Lasso in the US. In that same three-month period, TikTok logs 40 million downloads. For Zuckerberg, it's a humiliating defeat. And TikTok is just warming up.
一个小时后，扎克伯格接到了他的副手电话。马克，数字看起来不好。发生了什么？几乎没有人在下载它。截至2019年2月，在美国只有70,000用户已经下载Lasso。在同一三个月内，TikTok登录了4000万次下载。对于扎克伯格来说，这是一个耻辱的失败。而TikTok只是刚刚开始。
Hi, I'm Sarah Haggi, co-host of Wonderree's podcast Scample Insers. In our recent two-part series, Three Weddings and a Funeral, we dive into the story of a German con man who built an entire life on fake names, lies, and schemes. And the unlikely true-kind twist that brought this decades-long charade crashing down. Listen to Scample Insers on Amazon Music or wherever you get your podcasts.
嗨，我是Wonderree播客Scample Insers的联合主持人Sarah Haggi。在我们最近的两部分系列《三场婚礼和一次葬礼》中，我们深入探讨了一个德国骗子建立了一个完全由虚假姓名、谎言和阴谋构成的生活故事。而这个持续数十年的伪装最终因为一个不太可能的真实情况而彻底崩溃。请在Amazon Music或您得到的任何播客平台上收听Scample Insers。
In the last episode, bite dance founder, Zhang Eming, grew TikTok by acquiring musically, another video app. An Instagram founder's Kevin Systrom and Mike Krieger departed the company they built after budding heads with Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg. By the beginning of 2019, Zuckerberg has taken a beating. His copycat app is failed, and TikTok's parent company Bite Dance is valued at $75 billion. TikTok anticipates some dirty tricks from Facebook. But there's another enemy it didn't count on. American regulators.
在最后一集中，Bite Dance 创始人张额明通过收购另一个视频应用 Musical.ly 成功推广 TikTok。Instagram 创始人 Kevin Systrom 和 Mike Krieger 与 Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg 发生了冲突后离开了他们建立的公司。到 2019 年初，Zuckerberg 的模仿应用失败了，而 TikTok 的母公司 Bite Dance 的市值达到了 750 亿美元。TikTok 预计 Facebook 会采取一些肮脏的手段。但是它没有料到的是另一个敌人——美国监管机构。
This is episode four, Hitmaker.
这是第四集，Hitmaker。
February 2019, Cleveland, Ohio. A 13-year-old girl sits in her bedroom watching a TikTok video of a teenage boy. He's dressed in sweats and drinking a soda labeled Yee Yee Juice. A male voice accompanied by a banjo sings about taking a horse to an old town road. A few seconds later, the music morphs into a hip hop beat. The video cuts to the same boy now dressed like a cowboy. He's got a hat, vest, and chaps. He does a mock line dance and pretends to ride a horse.
2019年2月，俄亥俄州的克利夫兰市。一个13岁的女孩坐在她的卧室里观看一个视频应用TikTok上的一个青少年男孩。他穿着运动衣，喝着印有“Yee Yee Juice”的苏打水。一位男声和一把班卓琴伴奏唱着把马带到一条古老的小路上的歌曲。几秒钟后，音乐变成了嘻哈节奏。视频切换到同一个男孩，但他现在穿着牛仔服装。他有帽子、马甲和裤子。他模仿着跳舞，并假装骑着马。
When that video ends, another one automatically starts playing. It's the same song, but with a different teenager singing along before transforming into a cowboy. She squints at the bottom of the screen. The artist is Lil Nas X, whoever that is, she thinks, and the song's called Old Town Road. She jumps up and starts digging through her closet. She's going to record her own video set to this Old Town Road clip. First, though, she has to find some Western gear.
当那个视频结束后，下一个视频会自动播放。虽然是同一首歌曲，但是会换一个不同的青少年在唱歌，然后变成牛仔形象。她眯着眼睛看着屏幕底部。这个艺术家叫做Lil Nas X，她认为他是谁，这首歌叫做Old Town Road。她跳起来，开始在衣柜里翻找。她要录一个和这个Old Town Road剪辑相配的自己的视频。不过首先，她得找一些西部装备。
The Yee Yee Juice challenge goes viral as teenagers worldwide join in by transforming into cowboys. The silly meme set to this song will generate billions of views. Before this, Lil Nas X was a nobody. But after Old Town Road takes off on TikTok, the song tops the Billboard charts for 19 consecutive weeks. It breaks the record for the longest run ever at the number one spot.
Yee Yee果汁挑战在全球范围内变成牛仔模样的青少年之间迅速扩散，它将伴随着这首歌的愚蠢梗而产生数十亿的浏览量。在这之前，Lil Nas X不是什么名人。但是在TikTok上火起来的《Old Town Road》让这首歌连续19周位居Billboard排行榜的榜首，打破了历史上最长时间的榜首记录。
TikTok is no longer just a short-form video app. Now, it's a force to be reckoned with in the music industry. In fact, it's a hitmaker. But there are serious challenges. For starters, there's the Federal Trade Commission. The FTC alleges musically, the app Bite Dance acquired and folded into TikTok, illegally collected personal information from minors. TikTok has to pay a $5.7 million fine. But to a company like TikTok, that's jump change. And as for privacy, its Gen Z audience couldn't care less. The fine is a slight headache. But nothing like the migraine that's about to hit Zuckerberg.
TikTok已不再只是一个短视频应用程序。现在，它是音乐行业中值得重视的力量。实际上，它是一款热门制作工具。不过，也存在着严峻的挑战。首先是联邦贸易委员会。FTC声称，被收购并合并到TikTok中的应用程序Musically非法收集了未成年人的个人信息。TikTok必须支付570万美元的罚款。但对于像TikTok这样的公司来说，这只是小钱。而且，对于其Z世代的受众，隐私问题并不重要。罚款只是轻微的头疼，但对于即将遭受的麻烦比起来，它只是小巫见大巫。
March 2019, Menlo Park, California, Facebook headquarters. Zuckerberg is at his desk reviewing some Instagram figures when he gets a call. Mark, we've got a problem. What is it? The password leaks. Brian Krebs is writing about it. Zuckerberg inhales quickly. This is really bad news. Brian Krebs is a cybersecurity reporter with a widely read blog. And he's just discovered something Zuckerberg was trying to bury. Damn it. Okay, we'll prepare a statement. But we need to stop our staff talking to the press.
2019年3月，加州门洛帕克市，Facebook总部。扎克伯格正在回顾Instagram的一些数字，突然接到了电话。马克，我们有一个问题。什么问题？密码被泄露了。布莱恩·克雷布斯正在写这个问题。扎克伯格迅速地吸了口气。这真的是坏消息。布莱恩·克雷布斯是一名广受读者欢迎的网络安全记者。他刚刚发现了扎克伯格试图掩盖的事情。该死！好的，我们会准备一份声明。但是我们需要阻止我们的员工和媒体交谈。
Zuckerberg hangs up. This is an embarrassing rookie mistake. Hundreds of millions of Facebook and Instagram passwords had been stored in plain text rather than encrypted, making them much easier to steal. When he found out about it a few months ago, Zuckerberg ordered an internal review but kept the breach top secret.
扎克伯格挂了电话。这是一个尴尬的初学者错误。数以百万计的Facebook和Instagram密码被以明文存储，而不是加密，这使得它们更容易被盗取。几个月前他发现了这个问题，就下令进行内部审查，但保持了违规行为的秘密。
The next day, the story of the breach and the cover-up goes live. Zuckerberg scrolls the article. It's bad. Really bad. Hundreds of millions of Facebook users had their account passwords stored in plain text and searchable by thousands of Facebook employees. In some cases going back to 2012.
第二天，关于违规及其掩盖的报道公开发表了。扎克伯格看着这篇文章。很糟糕，真的很糟糕。数亿 Facebook 用户的帐户密码以明文形式存储，并可被成千上万的 Facebook 员工搜索。有些情况甚至追溯到 2012 年。
Zuckerberg dials his head of PR. "We need to get a statement up now." A few hours later, Instagram sends an email to notify millions of users that their passwords were exposed. They're furious that Instagram didn't tell them as soon as it discovered the problem months back. Up until now, Instagram has been sheltered from Facebook's reputation hits. But not anymore. Now, the word is that the tech behemoth doesn't care about its user's privacy. Only profits.
扎克伯格拨打他的公关主管，“我们现在需要发布一份声明。”几个小时后，Instagram发了一封电子邮件，通知数百万用户他们的密码已被泄露。他们很生气，因为Instagram在数月前发现问题后没有及时告诉他们。到目前为止，Instagram一直被Facebook的声誉打击所保护。但现在不再是这样了。现在，这个技术巨头被认为不关心其用户的隐私。只关心利润。
Luckily for Instagram, TikTok's also in the hot seat. April 2019, Chennai, India. A noisy courtroom in the ornate red building of the Madras High Court. This isn't a murder trial or an assault case. No exhibits A, B and C are TikTok videos of women dancing and preteen girls talking into their cameras.
幸运的是，对于 Instagram 而言，TikTok 也处于火热的审判中。2019年4月，印度钦奈市。在马德拉斯高等法院那座华丽的红色建筑内，一间嘈杂的法庭。这不是一起谋杀案或一起袭击案件。也没有A、B、C三个展品，是女人跳舞和少女对着相机说话的 TikTok 视频。
The app is off the charts in India. With more than 240 million downloads, the country is TikTok's biggest market after America. The musical numbers at the heart of Bollywood are perfect for TikTok. People love to dance along and lip sync to popular songs. But Indian officials are unimpressed with all that. What has captured their attention is the clothing they consider to revealing. They're also worried about how young TikTok's users are. India doesn't have any child safety laws governing internet use, and officials are worried about sexual predators targeting underage users. Then, there's the recent spate of deaths and injuries that have occurred while people were filming TikToks.
这个应用在印度备受热捧。它在美国之后成为TikTok最大的市场，下载量超过2.4亿。Bollywood音乐和舞蹈是TikTok的绝配，人们热衷于跟风跳舞和唱流行歌曲。但是，印度官员对此并不满意。他们很担心这些衣服过于暴露。他们还担心TikTok用户年龄过小。印度没有任何管控互联网使用的儿童安全法律，官员们很担心性侵者会针对未成年用户。此外，在TikTok拍摄视频时发生了一系列死亡和伤害事件。
It's all enough to prod the court into action. "Order, order." The noisy courtroom comes to attention. TikTok's lawyers are seated at the front alongside the group that brought the suit. "I hereby direct the government to prohibit new downloads of TikTok in India. I also restrict TV stations from broadcasting TikTok shows." TikTok must be bad.
“停一下，停一下。”嘈杂的法庭瞬间肃静下来。TikTok的律师坐在前排，与起诉方并肩。法官说：“我现在命令政府禁止在印度下载新的TikTok应用，同时禁止电视台播放TikTok节目。“看来TikTok一定很糟糕。”
The news is a huge blow for TikTok. Existing users will still be able to make videos and use the app. But no new users will be allowed to download it. The Indian court even asks Apple and Google to remove it from their app stores in the country. And they comply. In one fell swoop, it's impossible for TikTok to keep growing in its largest overseas market.
这则消息打击了 TikTok 很大一下。现有的用户仍然可以制作视频和使用应用程序。但新用户将无法下载它。印度法院甚至要求苹果和谷歌在该国的应用商店中删除它。他们也遵守了。一下子，TikTok 在其最大的海外市场中不可能继续增长了。
John gets a call from his lieutenant with the news. He listens intently, but waste no time contemplating a response. But John knows that India will set a precedent. Bydance fights back against the notion that it's a bad influence, arguing that only a tiny amount of content on TikTok is inappropriate. The matter will work its way through India's legal system at a hefty cost to buy dance.
约翰接到他的中尉的电话，得知了这个消息。他认真倾听，但没有浪费时间思考回应。但是约翰知道印度将会树立一个先例。抖音反击了认为它是一种坏影响的观点，认为TikTok上只有极少一部分内容是不合适的。这个问题将会通过印度的法律系统得到解决，会给抖音带来沉重的代价。
But TikTok's entire business strategy rests on its adoption by young users on mass. As regulators pressure TikTok, Zuckerberg plots new ways to overpower John.
然而，TikTok的整个商业策略建立在大规模年轻用户的采纳上。随着监管机构对TikTok的施压，扎克伯格则计划着新的方式来压倒约翰。
July 2019, Menlo Park, California. A Facebook all-hands meeting. The auditorium is filled with Facebook employees all crowded in to hear from Zuckerberg. It's been a rough month that the social media giant, the Federal Trade Commission slammed it with a five billion dollar fine over privacy breaches, including the Cambridge Analytica scandal. They've also faced political heat from 2020 presidential candidates like Senator Elizabeth Warren, who says Facebook is too big and should be broken up.
2019年7月，加州门洛帕克，Facebook开了一次全员大会。审计厅里挤满了Facebook员工，他们都想听马克·扎克伯格讲话。最近的一个月对这个社交媒体巨头而言非常艰难，联邦贸易委员会因隐私违规行为，尤其是剑桥分析丑闻，罚了其50亿美元。此外，Facebook还面临着2020年总统候选人伊丽莎白·沃伦等政治人物的压力，她认为Facebook太大了，应该被拆分。
Zuckerberg steps up to the mic. There's a sense of free floating anxiety in the room. As he answers questions, he tries to put his employees at ease. But inevitably, someone asks about TikTok's growing cloud and Facebook's plan of attack.
扎克伯格走到讲台前。现场弥散着一种无处不在的焦虑感。他回答问题时，试图让员工感到放心。但不可避免的，有人问起TikTok正在增长的影响力和Facebook的攻击计划。
Zuckerberg clears his throat. "Well, we've added the Explore page to Instagram, which relies on algorithm just like TikTok does. The algorithm tailors the videos and photos users receive based on their past activity. And we're making it so that the Explore page offers up more stories. Stories are casual disappearing posts that are fast becoming the primary way people consume content on Instagram. And there are way to make Instagram look and feel more like TikTok, which has a rougher, less polished feel."
扎克伯格清了清嗓子。“嗯，我们已经在Instagram上增加了探索页面，它与TikTok一样依赖于算法。算法会根据用户的过去活动来调整他们接收到的视频和照片。同时我们正在努力让探索页面提供更多故事。故事就是那些随意发布并随后消失的帖子，它们正在迅速成为Instagram用户主要的消费内容方式。此外，有办法可以让Instagram看起来更像TikTok，TikTok有一种更粗糙、不那么精致的感觉。”
But even as Zuckerberg shares how he plans to compete, he dismisses the rival app. "TikTok is growing, but they're spending a huge amount of money promoting it. What we found is that their retention is actually not that strong after they stop advertising the app. So space is still fairly nascent, and there's time for us to kind of figure out what we want to do here."
然而，尽管扎克伯格分享了他打算如何竞争，但他却对竞争对手的应用不屑一顾。“TikTok正在增长，但他们在大量宣传中花了很多钱。我们发现，当他们停止广告投放之后，他们的用户留存率并不太高。因此，这个领域还很新生，我们有时间来想想我们想在这里做些什么。”
In other words, TikTok is all bluster and there's plenty of time to beat them. But Zuckerberg's dead wrong. TikTok is spreading like wildfire.
换句话说，TikTok只是虚张声势，有足够的时间来打败他们。但扎克伯格错了。TikTok像野火一样迅速传播。
September 2019, Beijing, China. It's early morning and Zhang is already at his desk. He believes it's important to model hard work for his employees. He takes a distinctly American approach to things, even in China. He loves to quote one of Jeff Bezos' motto's Always Day One. In other words, companies should operate like it's their first day and they have to prove themselves. So even though TikTok now has offices around the world, he's still grinding away as if it were a tiny startup.
2019年9月，在中国北京。早晨，张已经到了他的办公桌前。他认为向员工展示辛勤工作是非常重要的。他采取了鲜明的美国方法，即使在中国。他喜欢引用杰夫·贝佐斯的座右铭“永远是第一天”。换句话说，公司应该像第一天一样运营，必须证明自己。因此，即使TikTok现在在世界各地都有办事处，他仍然像一个小型创业公司一样努力奋斗。
It's Alex Zhu, TikTok's CEO and the guy who started musically. It's late in the evening in California, so Zhang figures this must be urgent. "Eaming, we've got a problem." "What is it?" "The Guardian just published their piece. It's even worse than we thought." Zhang pauses. He knew the Guardian was breaking a story about TikTok because bite dance provided a comment. He starts searching for the article. Authorities in Beijing are particularly sensitive about these political matters. They see any discussion of them as challenges to their authority. "This is not good. We need to put out our own blog post." What TikTok wants to avoid at all costs is any impression that it censored posts during the political unrest over the summer in Hong Kong. It's an accusation that's still swirling. The company tells the Guardian that the leaked documents are old. It says those moderator guidelines were written and then scrapped well before the protests against Chinese control took place in Hong Kong. Luckily for TikTok, once again its young users don't even seem to notice the controversy.
这是TikTok的CEO Alex Zhu，也是musically的创始人。 加州的晚上已经很晚了，所以张先生意识到这肯定是非常紧急的。 "宏明，出了麻烦。" "什么事？" "卫报刚刚发表了一篇报道。比我们预料的还要糟糕。" 张先生停顿了一下。他知道卫报正在爆料TikTok的事情，因为字节跳动已经提供了评论。他开始搜索这篇文章。 北京的当局特别关注这些政治问题。他们认为任何讨论这些问题都是对他们权威的挑战。 "这不太好。我们需要发表自己的博客文章。" TikTok想要避免的是任何暗示它在香港的政治动荡期间审查了帖子的印象。这是一个仍在蔓延的指控。该公司告诉卫报，泄漏的文件已经过时了。它说那些审核员指南是在香港反对中国控制之前写的，然后被放弃了。 幸运的是，TikTok的年轻用户似乎甚至没有注意到这个争议。
October 2019, Wintergarden, Florida, just outside of Orlando. A freshman walks down the hallway of West Orange High School, clutching her books in phone. She passes an advertisement on a whiteboard and pauses to read it. "Want to be TikTok famous? Join TikTok Club." After school she heads to the classroom where TikTok Club is meeting. The desks are filled with students snacking on juice and cheetos waiting for the projector presentation. She sits down and the club president presses play. It's a series of TikToks that are serving as an inspiration for the club. Then they split into groups. One group heads to the hallway and learns a popular dance to "teach me how to duggie". The student cameraman takes the phone and records them. Then he clicks posts to the world. It's just like drama club but with a potentially global audience. But even as teens embrace TikTok. On Capitol Hill, one US senator is watching the app's skyrocketing popularity with growing alarm.
2019年10月，佛罗里达州的温特花园，就在奥兰多市郊外。一名新生托着书包，走在West Orange高中的走廊里。她经过一个白板上的广告，停下来读了一下。"想成为TikTok名人？加入TikTok俱乐部。" 放学后，她前往TikTok俱乐部的教室。桌子上都是在品尝果汁和奶酪脆片的学生，等待放映会议。她坐下来，俱乐部主席按下播放键。这是一系列TikTok视频，作为俱乐部的灵感来源。然后，他们分成小组。一个小组去走廊学习流行的《教我怎么跳duggie》舞蹈。学生摄影师拿起手机把他们录制下来。然后，他点击发布，分享给全世界。这就像戏剧俱乐部，但是有着潜在的全球观众。但是，即使青少年们拥抱TikTok，美国国会山上的一位参议员也在越来越担忧地观察着这款应用飞速发展的流行度。
October 2019. Senator Marco Rubio writes a letter to the US Secretary of the Treasury, Stephen Manuchin, asking the US government to investigate TikTok. He says that apps like TikTok are increasingly being used to censor content deemed sensitive by the Chinese government. And he claims that TikTok's recent acquisition of musically could have national security implications. He writes, "The Chinese government's nefarious efforts to censor information inside free societies around the world cannot be accepted and pose serious long-term challenges to the US and our allies." It's a nightmare scenario for the app, which is counting on further expansion in the US, its biggest market.
2019年10月，参议员马可·鲁比奥写信给美国财政部长史蒂芬·穆钦，请求美国政府调查抖音。他称象抖音这样的应用程序越来越被用于审查中国政府认为敏感的内容。他还声称TikTok最近收购Musically可能会涉及国家安全问题。他写道：“中国政府在全球自由社会内审查信息的险恶企图是不能被接受的，对美国和我们的盟友构成了严重的长期挑战。”这对于这款应用程序来说是一场噩梦般的场景，该应用程序正计划进一步扩大在美国这个它最大的市场的业务。
So Zhu goes on the charm offensive, appearing in a splashy New York Times profile. He insists that if China's leader Xi Jinping asked him to hand over data, he wouldn't do it. Zhang is desperate to persuade American leaders of TikTok's independence that their data is safe in his hands. But TikTok's problems with the press and American public officials are only just beginning.
所以朱继续展开魅力攻势，在一篇引人注目的《纽约时报》专访中露面。他坚称，如果中国领导人习近平要求他交出数据，他不会这么做。张努力说服美国领导人，让他们相信TikTok是独立的，他们的数据在他的手中是安全的。但TikTok在媒体和美国公职人员面前的问题只是刚刚开始。
Hi, I'm Lindsey Graham, the host of Wondries podcast American scandal. We bring to lie some of the biggest controversies in US history, presidential lies, environmental disasters, and corporate fraud. In our newest series, we look at a covert US operation that toppled a democratic government in Iran. In 1951, Muhammad Mosadek was elected Iran's prime minister. Mosadek was largely focused on strengthening his country's democratic institutions. But he also sought to nationalize Iran's oil industry, letting his country's citizens profit from their own natural resources. But as Mosadek carried out his sweeping reforms, US officials grew concerned that Iran would soon fall under the sway of communists. And with the blessing of America's top political leaders, the CIA launched a mission to oust Mosadek from power. The campaign involved bribes, psychological warfare, and staged riots. And it all led to a showdown that promised to reshape the Middle East for decades. Follow American scandal wherever you get your podcasts, and you can listen ad-free on the Amazon Music or Wondry app.
你好，我是林赛·格雷厄姆，Wondries播客“美国丑闻”的主持人。我们介绍了美国历史上一些最大的争议，包括总统的谎言、环境灾难和企业欺诈。在我们最新的系列节目中，我们看到了一项秘密的美国行动，推翻了伊朗的民主政府。1951年，穆罕默德·穆萨德克被选为伊朗的总理。穆萨德克主要致力于加强国家的民主制度。但他也试图将伊朗的石油工业国有化，让伊朗的公民从自己的自然资源中获利。但随着穆萨德克实施广泛改革，美国官员开始担心伊朗很快将受到共产主义的影响。在美国最高领导人的祝福下，CIA发起了一次推翻穆萨德克政权的行动。这项竞选涉及贿赂、心理战和策划的暴乱。这一切都导致了一场摊牌，承诺在未来数十年重新塑造中东。在任何你得到播客的地方跟着“美国丑闻”，你可以在亚马逊音乐或Wondry应用程序上无广告收听。
October 2019, Georgetown University in Washington, D.C. A large auditorium with maroon carpets and dark wooden panels. Zuckerberg steps up to a podium and blazes into the university crest. He's dressed in a black sweater, his hair cropped short.
2019年10月，在华盛顿特区的乔治城大学，一个装饰着深红色地毯和深色木板的大礼堂。扎克伯格走上讲台，迎面是大学的纹章。他穿着一件黑色毛衣，头发修剪得很短。
It's really great to be here at Georgetown with all of you today. People having the power to express themselves at scale is a new kind of force in the world. Facebook has been through the ringer lately with politicians and executives criticizing its role in spreading disinformation. And I understand the concerns that people have about how tech platforms have centralized power.
今天能和大家一起在乔治城聚会真的很棒。人们有规模表达自己的能力是一种新的力量。最近，政治家和高管们批评 Facebook 在传播虚假信息方面的角色。我理解人们对科技平台集中权力的担忧。
But I actually believe that the much bigger story is how much these platforms have decentralized power by putting it directly into people's hands. Zuckerberg maintains his platform champion's free speech. And to prove it, the company just announced it won't fact-check political advertisements or moderate comments, unlike traditional media outlets. Zuckerberg doesn't believe its Facebook's job to be the arbiter of truth.
我其实相信更重要的故事是这些平台让权力更加分散，直接放在人们手里。扎克伯格坚持他的平台支持言论自由。为了证明这一点，该公司刚刚宣布不会审查政治广告或者对评论进行管理，与传统媒体不同。扎克伯格认为Facebook没有责任成为真理的仲裁者。
He thought this would put him on the offensive. But now he's getting pummeled from all sides, including from critics who claim he's giving a platform to hate speech and disinformation. So he's coming out to make a rare public speech.
他原本认为这样会让自己处于攻守之势。但现在他从各个方面都受到了猛烈的抨击，包括那些声称他在给仇恨言论和虚假信息提供平台的批评者。因此，他决定进行一次罕见的公开演讲。
Zuckerberg clears his throat. He looks out at the 700 students filling the auditorium, some of whom have their iPhones out to record him. And I'm here today because I believe that we must continue to stand for free expression. Then in a move straight out of the art of war, he goes on the attack. He points his finger at a company he says does the exact opposite, bite dance.
扎克伯格清了清嗓子。他望着填满礼堂的七百名学生，其中一些拿出iPhone录音。我今天来这里是因为我相信我们必须继续捍卫言论自由。然后他进行攻击，直接从战争艺术中采取行动。他指向一家他说恰恰相反的公司-字节跳动。
China is building its own internet focused on very different values. And it's now exporting their vision of the internet to other countries. Zuckerberg references reports that recent Hong Kong protests were censored on TikTok. An accusation bite dance has denied. He holds up Facebook as a pro-democracy tool. While our services like WhatsApp are used by protesters and activists everywhere due to strong encryption and privacy protections on TikTok, the Chinese app growing quickly around the world mentions of these same protests are censored, even here in the US.
中国正在建设一个专注于非常不同价值观的互联网。现在，他们正在将他们的互联网视觉出口到其他国家。扎克伯格提到了最近香港抗议活动在TikTok上被审查的报告。ByteDance否认了这一指控。他拿Facebook作为一个亲民主的工具。尽管像WhatsApp这样的我们的服务被抗议者和活动分子在全球范围内使用，由于TikTok上强大的加密和隐私保护，这个中国应用正在迅速扩大其在全球的影响力，这些同样的抗议活动却被审查了，即使在美国也是如此。
He closes with a powerful rhetorical question. Is that the internet that we want? Zuckerberg's approach isn't subtle. His positioning Facebook is a good American company, and TikTok is a bad Chinese company, a foreign threat to freedom.
他用强有力的修辞问句作为结束语。这就是我们想要的互联网吗？扎克伯格的方式并不微妙。他将Facebook定位为一个好的美国公司，而将TikTok定位为一个坏的中国公司，是对自由的外来威胁。
In Beijing, Zhang reads the reports of Zuckerberg's speech with annoyance. He gets his head PR rep on the phone. Zuckerberg's just doing this to deflect criticism. We need to get a statement out denying the censorship. Yes, he may. I can't believe he would do this after copying us again. First lasso, and now clips? Zhang is talking about a new feature Instagram is testing called clips. Users can edit videos by cutting clips together and adding music. Exactly like TikTok.
在北京，张看着扎克伯格的演讲报告，感到很恼火。他立刻给公司的公关代表打电话。扎克伯格这样做只是为了转移批评的注意力。我们需要发表声明否认审查制度。是的，他可能会这样做。我简直不能相信他又在复制我们了。先是 lasso，现在又来了 clips？张说的是 Instagram 正在测试的一个名为 clips 的新功能。用户可以通过剪辑视频和添加音乐来编辑视频，就像 TikTok 一样。
Zuckerberg's comments at Georgetown are salt in the wound. I will not be a scapegoat. A bite dance spokesman sends out a statement to reporters insisting that the Chinese government doesn't require TikTok to censor content. We have said clearly that these accusations are false. This is an unfortunate attempt by Mark Zuckerberg to redirect scrutiny onto a competitor that he's failed to copy.
扎克伯格在乔治城发表的言论是火上浇油。我不会成为替罪羊。抖音的发言人向记者发送声明，坚称中国政府不需要抖音进行内容审查。我们已经清楚地说过这些指控是错误的。这是马克•扎克伯格试图转嫁关注的不幸尝试，他未能复制的竞争对手。
It should hearten Zhang to know US lawmakers aren't buying Zuckerberg's hands-off approach either. Senator Elizabeth Warren sends out a scathing tweet, accusing Facebook of making millions by spreading misinformation and outright lies. Mark Zuckerberg's speech today shows how little he's learned from 2016 and how unprepared Facebook is to handle the 2020 election.
这应该让张振奋起来，知道美国议员也不相信扎克伯格一味置身事外的做法。参议员伊丽莎白·沃伦发出了一条尖锐的推文，指责Facebook通过散布虚假信息和谎言赚取数百万美元。马克·扎克伯格今天的演讲表明他对2016年的教训很少，并且Facebook毫无准备应对2020年的选举。
Vice President Joe Biden's campaign bashes Zuckerberg for using the Constitution as a shield for its bottom line. So far, Zuckerberg has only made matters worse. He's angered politicians and infuriated his chief competitor. The last thing Zhang wants is to position this as a fight between two tech companies caught in a geopolitical battle. Unfortunately for Zhang, that seems unavoidable.
副总统乔·拜登的竞选组织抨击扎克伯格为其底线利益而利用宪法作为遮挡。迄今为止，扎克伯格只会让事态变得更糟糕。他激怒了政客，愤怒了他的主要竞争对手。张先生最不希望的是把这个问题定位为两个科技公司在地缘政治斗争中的争斗。不幸的是，这似乎是不可避免的。
November 2019, Zhang is in his office in Beijing. It's been a stressful few weeks. As TikTok's user ship explodes, so does the scrutiny by US politicians. Two US lawmakers call for a national security probe. Their concern TikTok collects user data and censors content. Zhang's worried about what regulators might do next.
2019年11月，张先生在北京的办公室里。这几周一直很紧张，因为随着TikTok用户数量的增长，美国政治家的关注度也随之增加。两位美国议员要求进行国家安全调查，因为他们担心TikTok会收集用户数据并审查内容。张先生也担心监管机构接下来会做什么。
Alex Yu, TikTok's CEO, called Zhang with a worrisome update. Zhang takes his glasses off and rubs his eyes. Zhang furrows his brow. Why? That happened two years ago. Zhang is frustrated. He feels as though bite dances getting caught up and escalating tensions between China and the US. Zuckerberg's speech didn't help.
TikTok的CEO Alex Yu给张打了一个令人担忧的电话更新。张取下眼镜揉了揉眼睛，皱着眉头。为什么？这已经发生两年了。张感到沮丧。他觉得抖音因为被卷入了中国和美国之间的紧张关系而不得不受到影响。扎克伯格的讲话也没有帮助。
If this government body deems the deal dangerous to US national security, it could force Bite Dance to sell Musically, a move that would squash TikTok in the US. Without Musically and its users, TikTok would be nowhere near as big in the US. Zhang bought Musically to make headway with American teens. Undoing the deal would be a catastrophe for Bite Dance. And this isn't just conjecture.
如果这个政府机构认为这笔交易对美国国家安全造成危险，它可以强迫字节跳动出售Musically，这将扼杀TikTok在美国的市场。没有Musically和它的用户，TikTok在美国就远没有那么大。张一鸣购买Musically是为了在美国的青少年市场取得进展。撤销这笔交易将对字节跳动造成灾难。这不仅仅是猜测。
There's a precedent. The same committee recently forced another Chinese company to give up its control of the dating app Grindr. The committee claimed ownership of Grindr might give the Chinese government access to US user's sensitive personal information.
有先例。同一个委员会最近逼迫另一家中国公司放弃对约会应用 Grindr 的控制权。该委员会声称拥有Grindr可能使中国政府能够获得美国用户的敏感个人信息。
Zhang sighs into the receiver. "We need you to go on the offensive."
张在电话里叹了口气。“我们需要你主动出击。”
"Okay, what do you want me to do?"
好的，你想让我做什么？
Zhang thinks for a few seconds. "Get out there. Do some interviews with the big papers and tell them again and again that Chinese government does not ask us to censor our app. Content policies are led by a team in America."
张思考了几秒钟。“去采访一些大报纸，一遍又一遍地告诉他们，中国政府并没有要求我们对我们的应用程序进行审查。内容政策由美国团队负责。”
But TikTok has another scandal around the corner. One that is going to make that claim very, very hard to back up.
但是TikTok即将有另一个丑闻浮出水面。这将让他们的那个说法非常非常难以支持。
A teenage girl with long black hair sits in front of her phone's camera. It's in selfie mode recording her face. She pulls out an eyelash curler and begins recording. The video begins like any one of the other many makeup tutorials on TikTok. But very quickly takes a turn.
一个长着黑色长发的十几岁女孩坐在她的手机镜头前。它处在自拍模式，记录着她的脸。她拿出了一个睫毛夹，开始录制。这个视频像TikTok上的很多化妆教程视频一样开始了。但很快就有了转变。
"Hi guys, I want to teach you guys how to get long lashes. So the first thing you need to do is grab your lash color, curl your lashes obviously. Then you're going to put them down and use your phone that you're using right now to search up what's happening in China, how they're getting concentration came storing innocent Muslims in their people that go."
嗨大家，我想教大家如何让睫毛变长。第一件事就是准备好睫毛夹，明显地把睫毛弯翘。然后你会放下它们，并使用你现在使用的手机搜索一下中国正在发生什么事情，他们是如何在监禁无辜的穆斯林。
The teenager begins talking about what's happening to weager Muslims in China. The Chinese government has been rounding up members of the minority group and putting them in internment camps. It sees their devotion to Islam as a threat to the communist party. The actions have been roundly criticized by human rights groups. But the government insists the camps are innocent job training facilities.
这位年轻人开始谈论中国虐待回教少数民族的事情。政府将他们抓起来关进集中营，认为他们对伊斯兰教的热爱对于共产党构成了威胁。人权组织强烈批评这些行为，但政府却坚称这些集中营只是无辜的职业培训设施。
The video gets shared and quickly racks up nearly a half a million likes. But then the account gets suspended. The teenager heads to Twitter complaining that TikTok suspended her account for spreading awareness about the weagers. The New York Times picks up the story.
这个视频被分享后很快就获得了将近五十万次的赞。但之后这个账号被暂停了。这位十几岁的少年发推文抱怨说TikTok暂停了她的账号，因为她在传播对于冠状病毒的认识。《纽约时报》报道了这个故事。
In Beijing, Zhang reads the news and sighs, "this looks terrible." He calls up TikTok's CEO, Zhu. "We need to deny this and say we're looking into it."
在北京，张阅读新闻并叹息道：“这看起来很糟糕。”他给TikTok的CEO朱打电话：“我们需要否认这个，并说我们正在调查此事。”
"Okay, you mean I'm on it. And for God's sake, get her account back."
"好的，你的意思是我会处理。天呐，请把她的账户找回来。"
TikTok writes a blog post denying they censored her. The company claims her account was banned because of a different video she posted that included an image of Osama bin Laden, a violation of TikTok's terrorism policy. Her account is restored. But the scandal cements it. TikTok has an image problem.
TikTok写了一篇博客文章否认他们对她进行了审查。该公司声称她的账号被封禁是因为她发布了另一个视频，其中包含奥萨马·本·拉登的图像，这违反了TikTok的恐怖主义政策。她的账号已经被恢复了。但是这个丑闻使TikTok的形象问题更加不堪。
They're going to have a harder time luring in new users if they're seen as an anti-free speech platform that cowtows to China's censors. By the end of 2019, TikTok is bringing in $18 billion in revenue with 1.4 billion downloads since its launch. Bad PR like this could topple the company just as it's fighting for its right to keep operating.
如果他们被视为一个屈服于中国审查员的反言论自由平台，他们将更难吸引新用户。自发布以来，TikTok已经获得了14亿次下载，到2019年底，将获得180亿美元的收入。像这样的负面公关可能会使公司垮掉，正当它正在为继续运营而斗争。
As TikTok keeps picking up steam, Instagram is about to level up. Whether TikTok has the X factor, that's special something that makes an app unstoppable. That is the billion dollar question.
随着TikTok的热度不断上升，Instagram也将迎来一个提升。TikTok是否具备那种特别的、能让应用无法阻挡的X因素，这是一个价值十亿美元的问题。
On the next episode, a global pandemic puts TikTok in the spotlight. And Instagram strikes back with a new feature it pushes out to its 1 billion users. But TikTok has to contend with a new foe. America's highest office.
在下一期节目中，全球流行病将把TikTok推到聚光灯下。Instagram也推出了一个新功能，供其10亿用户使用。但TikTok必须应对一个新的敌人，那就是美国最高官方。
A Prime Members You Can Binge Every Episode of Business Wars Add Free on Amazon Music. Download the Amazon Music app today. Or you can listen Add Free with Wondery Plus in Apple Podcasts.
作为亚马逊Prime会员，你可以畅享Business Wars的每一集，无需广告，只需在Amazon Music上下载应用程序即可。或者，你也可以通过Apple Podcasts的Wondery Plus来无广告收听。
Before you go, tell us about yourself by completing a short survey at Wondery.com/survey.
在你离开之前，请告诉我们关于你自己的情况，填写一个短调查表格在Wondery.com/survey。
From Wondery, this is episode 4 of TikTok vs Instagram for Business Wars.
来自Wondery，这是商战节目中第4集- TikTok与Instagram之间的竞争。
A quick note about recreations you've been hearing: in most cases, we can't know exactly what was said in those scenes or dramatizations, but they're based on historical research.
关于你们听到的重现场景的一点说明：在大多数情况下，我们无法确切知道那些场景或戏剧化的情节是如何发生的，但它们基于历史研究。
I'm your host David Brown, Natalie Robameh wrote this story. Karen Low is our senior producer and editor, edited and produced by Emily Frost, sound designed by Kyle Randall. Kate Young is our associate producer. Our executive producers are Jenny Lauer Beckman and Marshall Lui created by Ernon Lopez for Wondery.
我是你们的主持人大卫·布朗，这篇报道是由纳塔利·罗巴米所写。卡伦·洛是我们的高级制片人和编辑，由艾米丽·弗罗斯特进行编辑和制作，凯特·杨是我们的副制片人。我们的执行制片人是珍妮·劳尔·贝克曼和马歇尔·刘，由Wondery的埃诺恩·洛佩兹创建。声音设计由凯尔·兰德尔完成。