以下是将原文翻译成中文： Andrew Huberman 博士在他的 Huberman Lab 播客中采访了迷幻药领域的领军研究员 Robin Carhart-Harris 博士，深入探讨了这些改变精神状态物质的科学、临床应用和不断变化的法律环境。 Carhart-Harris 首先解释了术语“迷幻药 (psychedelic)”的词源，强调其意义为“揭示心灵 (mind-revealing)”，以及它与这些化合物引发的主观体验的相关性。 他澄清说，虽然迷幻药的经典定义涉及它们与大脑中血清素 2A 受体的相互作用，但主观的、现象学上的方面对于理解它们的影响同样至关重要。 讨论探讨了迷幻药（特别是神奇蘑菇中的裸盖菇素 (psilocybin) 和 LSD）揭示通常隐藏在意识之外的心灵层面的能力。 Carhart-Harris 将此与深度心理学联系起来，解释了迷幻药如何将压抑的记忆和见解带到表面，从而促进治疗进展。 Huberman 和 Carhart-Harris 剖析了微剂量 (microdosing) 与大剂量 (macrodosing) 之间的细微差别。 Carhart-Harris 将微剂量定义为亚感知剂量，通常约为 10 微克的 LSD，旨在诱导幸福感和认知方面的微妙的、长期的变化。 然而，他警告说，目前缺乏支持微剂量有效性的令人信服的科学证据。 Carhart-Harris 的研究突出了大剂量裸盖菇素（通常为 10-25 毫克）在受控临床试验中治疗重度抑郁症、厌食症和纤维肌痛等疾病的疗效。 强调了迷幻药体验本身的重要性，引用的汇集证据表明，某些主观体验的程度可以有力地预测治疗效果。 Carhart-Harris 描述了一个典型的迷幻药治疗过程，其特点是眼罩、精心策划的音乐以及两位心理健康专业人士的在场以提供指导和支持。 他强调“信任、放下、开放”作为一种口头禅，鼓励患者顺其自然地接受体验并面对困难的情绪。 对话涉及了迷幻药引起的大脑变化。 Carhart-Harris 解释说，这些药物会增加通常不发生互动的大脑区域之间的沟通，从而导致一种更加相互关联和较少模块化的大脑功能模式。 在迷幻药之旅中观察到的这种连接性的增加可以在之后持续数周，并且与抑郁症患者症状的改善相关。 连接性增加与改变的主观体验之间的关系仍然是一个积极的研究领域。 Huberman 和 Carhart-Harris 讨论了一个日益增长的开发非致幻迷幻药用于治疗用途的运动。 Carhart-Harris 对此持怀疑态度，他认为，主观体验，即“揭示心灵”的方面，对于迷幻药治疗的独特益处至关重要。 他表示，如果选择性血清素能够刺激受体（一种激动剂）但它不是迷幻剂，那么它在精神病学上是有治疗作用的吗？答案肯定是：不。 强调了在迷幻药体验之后进行“整合 (integration)”的重要性。整合的目的是人们如何在之后的几天和几周内以积极的方式最大限度地利用神经可塑性和大脑变化。 对此，Carhartt Harris认为整合持续终生，并表示思维之旅不会停止。 对话最后涉及了美国迷幻药的法律地位以及大型制药公司可以在该法律领域发挥的作用。

Dr. Andrew Huberman interviews Dr. Robin Carhart-Harris, a leading researcher in the field of psychedelics, on the Huberman Lab podcast, delving into the science, clinical applications, and evolving legal landscape of these mind-altering substances. Carhart-Harris begins by explaining the etymology of the term "psychedelic," emphasizing its meaning as "mind-revealing" and its relevance to the subjective experiences elicited by these compounds. He clarifies that while the classic definition of psychedelics involves their interaction with the serotonin 2A receptor in the brain, the subjective, phenomenological aspects are equally critical to understanding their effects. The discussion explores the ability of psychedelics, particularly psilocybin (found in magic mushrooms) and LSD, to reveal aspects of the psyche usually hidden from conscious awareness. Carhart-Harris connects this to depth psychology, explaining how psychedelics can bring repressed memories and insights to the surface, catalyzing therapeutic progress. Huberman and Carhart-Harris dissect the nuances of microdosing versus macrodosing. Carhart-Harris defines a microdose as a sub-perceptible dose, typically around 10 micrograms of LSD, intended to induce subtle, long-term changes in well-being and cognition. However, he cautions that compelling scientific evidence supporting microdosing's effectiveness is currently lacking. Carhart-Harris's work highlights the efficacy of macrodoses of psilocybin, typically 10-25 milligrams, in controlled clinical trials for conditions like major depression, anorexia and fibromyalgia. The importance of the psychedelic experience itself is emphasized, citing converging evidence indicating that the magnitude of certain subjective experiences strongly predicts therapeutic outcomes. Carhart-Harris describes a typical psychedelic therapy session, characterized by eye masks, carefully curated music, and the presence of two mental health professionals to provide guidance and support. He highlights the importance of "trust, let go, be open" as a mantra to encourage patients to surrender to the experience and confront difficult emotions. The conversation touches on the brain changes induced by psychedelics. Carhart-Harris explains that these drugs increase communication between brain areas that typically don't interact, leading to a more intermodular and less modular mode of brain functioning. This increased connectivity, observed during the psychedelic journey, can persist for weeks afterward and correlate with improved symptoms in depressed individuals. The relationship between increased connectivity and altered subjective experience remains an area of active research. Huberman and Carhart-Harris discuss a growing movement to develop non-hallucinogenic psychedelics for therapeutic use. Carhart-Harris remains skeptical, arguing that the subjective experience, the “psyche-revealing” aspect, is essential for the unique benefits of psychedelic therapy. He states, that if a selective serotonin to a receptor stimulator, an agonist, that isn't psychedelic, it would be therapeutic in psychiatry and the answer firmly is no. The importance of "integration," is described, after the psychedelic experience. The point of integration is how people can maximize on the neuroplasticity and the brain changes in a positive way in the days and weeks afterward. To that, Carhartt Harris argues integration lasts a lifetime, saying the journey of the mind doesn't stop. The conversation closes by covering the legal status of psychedelics in the US and the role big pharma can play in that legal space.