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Millennial Investing - The Investor’s Podcast Network - TIVP083 (Video): SpaceX (SPCX): Is It Really Worth $2 Trillion Dollars? w/ Kyle Grieve and Shawn O'Malley

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以下是这段内容的中文翻译: SpaceX于2026年6月12日进行的首次公开募股(IPO),股票首次亮相价格为135美元,收盘时市值超过了许多国家股市的总和。主持人对此估值表示强烈质疑,尤其考虑到SpaceX招股说明书声称其总潜在市场(TAM)达到28.5万亿美元,他们认为这一数字被严重夸大。他们相信,是“精心编织的叙事”正在推动投资者的兴趣,但强调从长远来看,市场是一台“衡量机器”。 埃隆·马斯克的影响力被认为是SpaceX受欢迎的一个主要因素,他过去在特斯拉等方面的成功使得许多人追随他的事业。尽管主持人采取分析性方法,但他们承认SpaceX业务的“迷人”之处,这唤起了他们心中“那个八岁就喜欢火箭的孩子”。他们还将当前的“市场狂热”与约翰·肯尼思·加尔布雷思关于投机泡沫的理论联系起来,指出随着富裕投资者的参与,出现了“金钱与智力之间似是而非的联系”。 SpaceX的业务分为三个部分: 1. **航天业务(Space Segment):** 负责火箭开发、发射服务和开发合同。SpaceX因开创可重复使用火箭而受到赞扬,这大幅降低了成本(例如,猎鹰9号每次发射7400万美元,而NASA的平均成本为25亿美元)。他们负责设计、制造、发射和翻新,在超过650次发射中取得了99%的成功率。像星舰这样的未来火箭有望进一步降低成本,目标是将每公斤有效载荷送入轨道的成本从猎鹰9号的2000美元降至100美元。 2. **人工智能业务(AI Segment,即XAI/X):** 由埃隆·马斯克收购推特(后更名为X)并随后与XAI合并而成,拥有Grok聊天机器人。主持人对这一部门持高度怀疑态度,认为其“护城河最弱”。他们指出XAI在2025年营收32亿美元,但运营亏损达63亿美元,并有127亿美元的巨额资本支出,质疑其与OpenAI和Anthropic等竞争对手相比的竞争地位,以及X(前身为推特)的长期价值。 3. **连接业务(Connectivity Segment,即Starlink):** 被描述为SpaceX的“皇冠上的明珠”,因为它拥有高运营利润率(40%)和调整后EBITDA利润率(63%)。星链运营着9600颗卫星,为164个国家的1030万用户提供服务。它包括消费宽带、企业解决方案、政府合同(星盾)以及星到手机服务。虽然平均每用户收入(ARPU)正在下降(从88美元降至66美元),但这被视为旨在获取市场份额的战略举措,未来的V3卫星有望提供比V2高20倍的吞吐量,进一步提高效率。 主持人认为,虽然航天业务和连接业务拥有强大且不断扩大的“护城河”(低成本提供商、垂直整合、先行者优势),但人工智能业务却充当了“烧钱机器”,主要由盈利的连接业务补贴。他们将其与阿里巴巴进行比较,后者也是一个强大的部门带动了其他部门。 财务方面,此次IPO筹集了创纪录的857亿美元,使SpaceX的现金储备超过1010亿美元,并实现净负债。然而,该公司正处于大量再投资模式,2025年资本支出达197亿美元,研发支出达86亿美元,其中大部分已计入费用。高管薪酬独具特色:埃隆·马斯克领取象征性工资,但他的长期激励与市值里程碑(最高达7.5万亿美元)以及在火星上建立“拥有百万居民的永久人类殖民地”挂钩。 识别出的主要风险包括当前“极其超前”的估值(110倍营收,500倍调整后EBITDA)、与埃隆·马斯克相关的“关键人物风险”、监管挑战(FAA、政府合同、人工智能),以及马斯克的叙事能够影响股价的“反身性”概念。最重要的争议点是SpaceX声称的28.5万亿美元的总潜在市场(TAM)。主持人分析后大幅削减了这一数字:航天业务500-1000亿美元(对比其声称的3700亿美元),连接业务3000亿美元(对比其声称的1.6万亿美元),人工智能业务2000亿美元(对比其声称的26.5万亿美元),从而得出了一个更现实的、总计约6000亿美元的TAM。 根据他们的估值模型,即使采用激进的营收增长假设(到2031年复合年增长率达37%)和改善的EBITDA利润率(26%),当前股价也意味着每年复利下跌近10%。应用40%的安全边际后,预计年回报率为负18%。主持人总结称,该股票“估值过高,不值得投资”,尽管马斯克取得了不可否认的成就,但SpaceX在当前估值下,不构成有吸引力的投资机会。

The recent SpaceX IPO on June 12, 2026, saw shares debut at $135, closing with a market capitalization exceeding many countries' stock markets combined. The hosts express significant skepticism about this valuation, particularly in light of SpaceX's prospectus claiming a Total Addressable Market (TAM) of $28.5 trillion, which they find heavily inflated. They believe a "very well-crafted narrative" is driving investor interest, but emphasize that in the long term, the market is a "weighing machine." Elon Musk's influence is acknowledged as a major factor in SpaceX's popularity, with past successes like Tesla leading many to follow his ventures. The hosts, despite their analytical approach, admit to the "fascinating" nature of SpaceX's business, tapping into the "eight-year-old kid inside me who loved rockets." They also connect the current market euphoria to John Kenneth Galbraith's theories on speculative bubbles, noting the "specious association between money and intelligence" as wealthy investors participate. SpaceX's business is divided into three segments: 1. **Space Segment:** Responsible for rocket development, launch services, and development contracts. SpaceX is praised for pioneering reusable rockets, drastically reducing costs (e.g., Falcon 9 at $74 million per launch vs. NASA's $2.5 billion average). They handle design, manufacturing, launch, and refurbishment, achieving a 99% success rate over 650 launches. Future rockets like Starship promise even greater cost reductions, aiming for $100 per kilogram to orbit, down from $2,000 for Falcon 9. 2. **AI Segment (XAI/X):** Formed from Elon Musk's acquisition of Twitter (rebranded X) and a later merger with XAI, featuring the Grok chatbot. The hosts are highly skeptical of this segment, deeming its moat "the weakest." They highlight XAI's massive losses ($6.3 billion operating loss on $3.2 billion revenue in 2025) and significant CapEx ($12.7 billion), questioning its competitive standing against rivals like OpenAI and Anthropic, and the long-term value of X (formerly Twitter). 3. **Connectivity Segment (Starlink):** Described as SpaceX's "crown jewel" due to its high operating margins (40%) and adjusted EBITDA margins (63%). Starlink operates 9,600 satellites, serving 10.3 million subscribers across 164 countries. It includes consumer broadband, enterprise solutions, government contracts (StarShield), and satellite-to-mobile services. While ARPU is declining (from $88 to $66), this is seen as a strategic move to gain market share, with future V3 satellites promising 20x the throughput capacity of V2, further improving efficiency. The hosts argue that while the Space and Connectivity segments possess strong, widening moats (low-cost provider, vertical integration, first-mover advantage), the AI segment acts as a "capital incinerator," largely subsidized by the profitable connectivity business. They draw a parallel to Alibaba, where one strong segment carried others. Financially, the IPO raised a record $85.7 billion, boosting SpaceX's cash reserves to over $101 billion and resulting in negative net debt. However, the company is in heavy reinvestment mode, with $19.7 billion in CapEx in 2025 and $8.6 billion in R&D, much of which is expensed. Executive compensation is unique: Elon Musk receives a token salary, but his long-term incentives are tied to both market capitalization milestones (up to $7.5 trillion) and the establishment of a "permanent human colony on Mars with a million inhabitants." Key risks identified include the current "insanely forward-looking" valuation (110x revenue, 500x adjusted EBITDA), "key man risk" associated with Elon Musk, regulatory challenges (FAA, government contracts, AI), and the concept of "reflexivity" where Musk's narrative can influence stock price. The most significant point of contention is SpaceX's claimed $28.5 trillion TAM. The hosts' analysis drastically reduces this: $50-100 billion for Space (vs. $370 billion), $300 billion for Connectivity (vs. $1.6 trillion), and $200 billion for AI (vs. $26.5 trillion), leading to a more realistic ~$600 billion combined TAM. Based on their valuation model, even with aggressive revenue growth assumptions (37% CAGR to 2031) and improved EBITDA margins (26%), the current stock price implies a downside of nearly 10% compounded annually. Applying a 40% margin of safety pushes the projected return to negative 18% annually. The hosts conclude that the stock is "too rich for our tastes" and that, despite Musk's undeniable achievements, SpaceX at its current valuation does not present an attractive investment opportunity.